Research on the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water

China’s coastal waters are turbid and the properties of the seabed are complex. This negatively impacts the performance of underwater detection equipment. The properties of sound absorption in turbid water are not well understood. In this paper, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water was measured by the reverberation technique. All work was done in a reverberation barrel made of seamless aluminum. First, pure water was poured into the reverberation barrel and its reverberation time measured. Next, various concentrations of turbid water were poured into the barrel and their reverberation time measured. After all data had been gathered, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentrations was calculated. From this we determined a law of sound absorption in turbid water as summarized in the paper.     

OFDM高速水声移动通信系统方案设计(英文)

The major constraint on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) based underwater acoustic(UWA) communication is to keep subcarriers orthogonal.In this paper,Doppler estimation and the respective compensation technique along with various diversity techniques were deliberated for OFDM-based systems best suited for underwater wireless information exchange.In practice,for mobile communication,adjustment and tuning of transducers in order to get spatial diversity is extremely difficult.Considering the relatively low coherence bandwidth in UWA,the frequency diversity design with the Doppler compensation function was elaborated here.The outfield experiments of mobile underwater acoustic communication(UWAC) based on OFDM were carried out with 0.17 bit/(sHz) spectral efficiency.The validity and the dependability of the scheme were also analyzed.     

Fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells

Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.     

侧推孔球状气泡逸出轨迹及振动初探(英文)

In an atrocious ocean environment,the lateral propulsion hole could potentially be partly out of water and capture an air cavity.Bubbles would form when the captured air cavity escapes underwater and they may affect the performance of the sonar.The common commercial computational fluid dynamics software CFX was adopted to calculate the ambient flow field around the lateral propulsion hole generated by a moving vessel.The oscillation of the spherical bubble was based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and its migration was modeled using the momentum equation.The radiated noise of the oscillating bubble was also studied.The aim is that the results from this paper would provide some insight into corresponding fluid and acoustic study.     

经验模式能量在脉动信号分析中的应用(英文)

After an aerial object enters the water, physical changes to sounds in the water caused by the accompanying bubbles are quite complex. As a result, traditional signal analyzing methods cannot identify the real physical object. In view of this situation, a novel method for analyzing the sounds caused by an aerial object’s entry into water was proposed. This method analyzes the vibrational mode of the bubbles by using empitical mode decomposition. Experimental results showed that this method can efficiently remove noise and extract the broadband pulse signal and low-frequency fluctuating signal, producing an accurate resolution of entry time and frequency. This shows the improved performance of the proposed method.     

Time-domain simulation for water wave radiation by floating structures （Part A）

Direct time-domain simulation of floating structures has advantages： it can calculate wave pressure fields and forces directly; and it is useful for coupled analysis of floating structures with a mooring system. A time-domain boundary integral equation method is presented to simulate three-dimensional water wave radiation problems. A stable form of the integration free-surface boundary condition （IFBC） is used to update velocity potentials on the free surface. A multi-transmitting formula （MTF） method with an artificial speed is introduced to the artificial radiation boundary （ARB）. The method was applied to simulate a semi-spherical liquefied natural gas （LNG） carrier and a semi-submersible undergoing specified harmonic motion. Numerical parameters such as the form of the ARB, and the time and space discretization related to this method are discussed. It was found that a good agreement can be obtained when artificial speed is between 0.6 and 1.6 times the phase velocity of water waves in the MTF method. A simulation can be done for a long period of time by this method without problems of instability, and the method is also accurate and computationally efficient.     

Underwater hydraulic shock shovel control system

The control system determines the effectiveness of an underwater hydraulic shock shovel. This paper begins by analyzing the working principles of these shovels and explains the importance of their control systems. A new type of control system’s mathematical model was built and analyzed according to those principles. Since the initial control system’s response time could not fulfill the design requirements, a PID controller was added to the control system. System response time was still slower than required, so a neural network was added to nonlinearly regulate the proportional element, integral element and derivative element coefficients of the PID controller. After these improvements to the control system, system parameters fulfilled the design requirements. The working performance of electrically-controlled parts such as the rapidly moving high speed switch valve is largely determined by the control system. Normal control methods generally can’t satisfy a shovel’s requirements, so advanced and normal control methods were combined to improve the control system, bringing good results.     

Water resources development in Turkey

The Southeastern Anatolia Projec(tGAP),one of the most important projects for developing remarkable natural resources of the world,is accepted as a change for getting benefit from rich water and agricultural resources of the Southeastern Anatolia Region.The GAP Project has been considered as a regional development projects through years,but the dimensions of sustainability,protection of environment and participatory have been attached to the master of the project in recent years.When the GAP Project is completed,the Upper Mesopotomia, the centers of many civilisation,will re-again its importance as it had in the ancient times,and will be alive a center of civilisation.Moreover,when the problem of water shortage and water supplies in the world for the future is kept in mind,the importance of Southeastern Anatolia′s water supplies will be doubled.For this reason,the GAP Project,developed by depending on water and natural resources of the region,will have an important place in the world.The aim of this study is to introduce the region with rich natural resources and the GAP Project.For this reason,firstly,the natural potential of the region will be introduced.Second,the GAP Project will be presented in details.In the third stage,the projects being processed for protecting the natural sources and environment will be analyzed.In the last stage,strategies and policies to develop and to protect the natural resources of the region in short,mid,and long terms will be proposed.     

浮式海上风力机运动性能和锚泊系统(英文)

The development of offshore wind farms was originally carried out in shallow water areas with fixed(seabed mounted) structures.However,countries with limited shallow water areas require innovative floating platforms to deploy wind turbines offshore in order to harness wind energy to generate electricity in deep seas.The performances of motion and mooring system dynamics are vital to designing a cost effective and durable floating platform.This paper describes a numerical model to simulate dynamic behavior of a new semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT) system.The wind turbine was modeled as a wind block with a certain thrust coefficient,and the hydrodynamics and mooring system dynamics of the platform were calculated by SESAM software.The effect of change in environmental conditions on the dynamic response of the system under wave and wind loading was examined.The results indicate that the semi-submersible concept has excellent performance and SESAM could be an effective tool for floating wind turbine design and analysis.     

基于线性预测方法的水声信道最小均方误差盲均衡

The problem of blind adaptive equalization of underwater single-input multiple-output (SIMO) acoustic channels was analyzed by using the linear prediction method.Minimum mean square error (MMSE) blind equalizers with arbitrary delay were described on a basis of channel identification.Two methods for calculating linear MMSE equalizers were proposed.One was based on full channel identification and realized using RLS adaptive algorithms,and the other was based on the zero-delay MMSE equalizer and realized using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms,respectively.Performance of the three proposed algorithms and comparison with two existing zero-forcing (ZF) equalization algorithms were investigated by simulations utilizing two underwater acoustic channels.The results show that the proposed algorithms are robust enough to channel order mismatch.They have almost the same performance as the corresponding ZF algorithms under a high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and better performance under a low SNR.     

一种基于声学定位/航位推算的水下导航定位方法

受环境影响,声学定位系统输出的位置信息波动较大,还会出现数据跳变或丢失现象,严重影响了水下载体的定位精度。针对此问题,提出一种基于声学定位/航位推算的组合导航方案,该方案在组合滤波前对声学定位系统输出数据可用性进行判断,进而选择不同的导航方式。采用计算机仿真和海试实验对研究方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法能有效融合两种导航系统的优点,平滑声学定位系统数据的波动,且当声学定位系统输出异常时,水下载体短时间内还能保持较高的定位精度。     

基于LabVIEW的短基线测量系统设计

针对传统短基线测量系统硬件设计复杂且不易扩展的问题,设计了基于计算机和虚拟仪器的短基线测量系统.使用数据采集卡NI USB-6366采集短基线阵元收到的水声信号,在LabVIEW开发环境下,采用生产者/消费者架构和队列消息处理器的复合设计模式,结合多线程、队列同步等技术实现了数据采集、参数估计、定位解算、存储上传和动态显示等功能.系统运行高效可靠,测量精度高,其设计模式为采集测量应用提供良好的借鉴作用.     

水声定位标定系统水下基准位置不确定度分析

水声定位标定系统中水下基准(模拟目标声信号)位置的测量精度直接影响到对水声定位系统定位误差的考核。通过对水下基准中心位置不确定度的分析,为系统减小水声定位系统测量误差提供了理论参考,经海试证明该不确定度分析方法对提高水声定位系统标定精度有效。     

水声定位精度的评估标校方法

文章从分析定位标定系统海试数据处理结果入手,提出利用拟合检定方法评估水声测量定位精度。仿真测试和海试数据验证结果表明,利用拟合检定方法评估的水声定位精度比实际标定精度偏小,基本可以反映实际测量数据的标定精度,作出置信分析的拟合评估精度值更接近实际标定精度值。此方法可以作为定位标定的补充,给出测量精度指标的估计值。     

多功能水声收发机的设计与实现

基于长基线水下航行器定位导航系统的工作原理,设计并实现了一套可独立完成水声询问信号发射、水声遥控指令编码及发射控制、应答信号接收及处理、时延估计及数据传输控制等多功能的水声收发机,论述了水声收发机中信号检测、时延估计等信号处理关键技术,介绍了软、硬件设计思想和实施方案,并给出了该套系统经过模拟器、湖试和海试的试验结果。试验结果表明,该系统性能可靠、功能完善,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

助飞式水声对抗器材落点测量方法及误差分析

助飞式水声对抗器材落点精度海上试验因海况、测量手段等因素限制一直是试验的重难点问题。本文从分析助飞式水声对抗器材基本工作原理和其落点精度影响因素入手,即光学定位法、水声定位法、人工定位法和遥测定位法四种落点精度海上试验的测量方法。对四种测量方法的优势、劣势进行了对比分析,提出了一种基于Matlab软件的数据处理方法,并对测量结果的误差进行了对比分析,综合提出了根据海上试验环境条件和测量保障条件进行海上试验的优选原则。     

Research on techniques to improve accuracy in SBL locating systems

Short baseline system （SBL）, which is a kind of underwater acoustic locating technology, has widely applicable value. In order to examine the capability of ship model design, the ship model experimentation should have high accuracy. This paper focuses on the key techniques of high accuracy locating system, including high accuracy sub-array position emendation, divisional locating, anti multi-path interference measure, etc. Experiments show that the SBL locating systems has received the satisfying effect owing to these key techniques proposed in this paper.     

舰船辐射声场及声源特性测量方法研究综述

舰船辐射声场及声源特性测量是船舶声学研究的主要方向。文章梳理了舰船模型和实船声学测量的基本问题,重点综述了频响逆矩阵法、无限与有限空间波束形成、无界近场声全息、有界空间近场声全息和远场声全息、声强和声矢量及时反声聚焦等测量方法的发展脉络和取得的进展。     

基于LabVIEW的应答式水声定位系统目标模拟器

文章利用LabVIEW和VC作为软件开发平台,PXI4461采集卡等作为硬件平台,开发虚拟信号模拟器,可模拟应答式水声定位系统测阵、导航与定位监测的应答器的应答声信号,在实验室模拟还原整个研练保障的测量过程。     

基于DSP的船舶电力推进系统滤波装置控制器设计

小型船舶电力系统中非线性负载多、谐波污染严重。针对这一情况,本文设计一款基于DSP的电力系统滤波装置控制器,该控制器结构简单,稳定性好,实验证明该控制器能有效降低谐波污染,具有一定实用价值。