牛岭界隧道施工综合地质预报技术

文章在分析了牛岭界隧道主要地质特征和综合分析国内外隧道施工期地质超前预报的主要方法基础上,选择以地质法为基础、以HSP声波反射法为主要手段、并配合采用TSP-203系统的综合超前地质预报技术.实践证明,采用该综合技术是合适的,预报结果基本正确,为隧道动态设计施工提供了较为科学的依据.     

阵列式HSP隧道地质预报技术及其应用

阵列式水平声波剖面法(HSP)隧道地质预报技术,是一种在隧道施工中采用锤击、电火花等为激发震源探测隧道施工掌子面前方不良地质体(带)的新型超前地质预报方法。文章在介绍阵列式水平声波剖面法隧道地质预报技术基本原理、数据处理软件、仪器及测试布置的基础上,通过阵列式水平声波剖面法在溶洞、破碎带和断层探测预报中的实际应用,总结了阵列式水平声波剖面法的技术优势。     

TSP超前预报技术在重庆双碑隧道的应用

隧道穿过富水岩溶地区时,超前地质预报工作尤为重要。文章基于岩溶的类型及岩溶隧道超前地质预报内容,介绍了TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)超前预报技术的基本原理和实施方案,并结合TSP方法在重庆双碑隧道超前地质预报工程中的应用,验证了TSP超前预报技术在富水岩溶隧道中进行超前地质预报的可行性,为类似工程提供参考。     

地质超前预报在天登寺隧道施工中的应用

地质超前预报可为隧道施工探明地质情况及开挖方案的确定提供准确的依据.文章以地质超前预报在天登寺隧道施工中的应用为例,介绍了地质超前预报的工作原理、内容及数据处理、解译技术.并通过测试分析,指出地质超前预报系统具有操作简便、评估可靠、预测结果快捷直观的特点,对减少施工的盲目性和事故发生率、降低施工成本和缩短施工工期起到了重要的作用.     

岩溶地区公路双连拱隧道超前地质预报探究

文章针对岩溶区公路隧道施工实际,提出地质雷达与超前水平钻孔相结合的综合超前地质预报方法,并将该方法应用于广西某岩溶区公路双连拱隧道的施工中,验证了在岩溶区双连拱隧道施工中应用该综合超前地质预报方法的预报效果,对其他形式隧道的综合超前地质预报有一定的参考作用。     

综合地质预报技术在坛厂隧道施工中的应用

文章介绍了坛厂隧道施工中存在的主要工程地质问题(浅埋破碎、煤层瓦斯、断层破碎带、岩溶及涌水突泥等),以及地质超前预报的重点和难点;针对施工中采用的“以地质法为基础、以HSP声波反射法为主要手段、结合电磁波反射法的综合预报技术”,并结合隧道进口浅埋段和中部岩溶涌水突泥段的预报情况进行了研究分析.隧道施工开挖揭露的情况表明,预报结果与实际开挖揭示吻合率较好,对本隧道工程施工起到了积极的指导作用,为隧道安全施工提供了技术保障.     

基于多源地震干涉法的隧道超前地质预报技术数值模拟研究

目前的隧道超前地质预报方法预报距离短、测试频率大,增加了测试风险和施工风险;同时,由于各种方法对测试环境要求的差异,造成准备工作繁琐,占用了较长的施工时间,影响了正常施工。文章将地震干涉技术应用到隧道超前地质预报中,提出了基于多源地震干涉法的隧道超前地质预报新技术,该技术以隧道一端开挖爆破作为震源,在隧道另一端接收信号,通过相关处理成像,实现对隧道未开挖部分的一次性预报。文章采用有限差分法实现了该预报方法的数值模拟,模拟了岩溶、断层两种不良地质体模型,准确预报出了溶洞、断层,验证了该预报方法的有效性和准确性。     

综合超前地质预报技术在复杂地质隧道的应用分析

针对单一超前预报技术提供的预报信息有限,无法满足隧道复杂地质段超前预报需求的问题,文章以象来路下田隧道为例,采用地质调查法为基础、TSP法为主、地质雷达法为辅、超前地质钻探法为补充手段的综合超前地质预报技术,对隧道开挖掌子面前方的不良地质体进行了准确预报,所采用的综合地质预报技术可供类似工程借鉴。     

综合地质超前预报在岩溶隧道施工中的应用

文章针对岩溶隧道的地质特征及病害类型,在介绍地质超前预报的内容、技术特点及所用方法优缺点的基础上,提出了综合地质超前预报法,并结合广西靖西至那坡高速公路各固隧道施工实例,探讨了该方法的使用效果。实践证明,该方法能全面、及时、准确地预报隧道掌子面前方地质情况。     

TSP超前地质预报在龙里二号隧道的应用

文章阐述了TSP超前地质预报的原理与主要内容,并结合龙里二号隧道施工实例,介绍了TSP超前地质预报在隧道施工中的应用技术。通过将预报成果与实际开挖围岩类别进行对比分析,验证了TSP超前地质预报结果的准确性。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。