TSP超前预报技术在重庆双碑隧道的应用

隧道穿过富水岩溶地区时,超前地质预报工作尤为重要。文章基于岩溶的类型及岩溶隧道超前地质预报内容,介绍了TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)超前预报技术的基本原理和实施方案,并结合TSP方法在重庆双碑隧道超前地质预报工程中的应用,验证了TSP超前预报技术在富水岩溶隧道中进行超前地质预报的可行性,为类似工程提供参考。     

TSP超前地质预报在龙里二号隧道的应用

文章阐述了TSP超前地质预报的原理与主要内容,并结合龙里二号隧道施工实例,介绍了TSP超前地质预报在隧道施工中的应用技术。通过将预报成果与实际开挖围岩类别进行对比分析,验证了TSP超前地质预报结果的准确性。     

齐岳山隧道施工中物探与钻探的应用比较研究

在岩溶山区隧道工程的施工过程中,地质超前预报是重要的施工工序,以宜万铁路齐岳山隧道为例,研究了基于地震波理论的TSP203探测设备的应用方法和目前在国内外水平钻探领域功能最完善的RPD-150多功能地质钻机的应用方法;分析比较了地球物理探测和地质钻探方法在隧道地质超前预报中的特点,提出了岩溶山区隧道地质超前预报技术方法的应用原则.研究结果表明:TSP203地质预报系统探测、解译距离远,分辨率高,系统智能化程度高,数据记录基本采用自动记录系统,试验过程简单,对施工影响较小,但是整个系统数据记录与分析比较单一、公式化;RPD-150C多功能钻机系统具有探测准确、探测结果受外界影响小等优点,但是数据分析往往不能对有些数据和图形进行量化,只能作出定性的分析.从而得出结论,RPD-150C多功能钻机系统与TSP203地质预报系统有很大的互补性,综合两种手段,可以及时预测预报到大部分地质不良地段,为隧道工程的施工奠定基础.     

TSP超前地质预报在隧道施工中的应用

在隧道工程施工过程中采用超前地质预报,能够有效避免在隧道工程施工中遇到不良地质,保证施工安全。对此,文章首先对TSP基本原理进行了介绍,然后对结合工程实例对TSP超前地质预报在隧道施工中的应用方式以及异常信号避免方式进行详细探究,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。     

综合超前地质预报技术在复杂地质隧道的应用分析

针对单一超前预报技术提供的预报信息有限,无法满足隧道复杂地质段超前预报需求的问题,文章以象来路下田隧道为例,采用地质调查法为基础、TSP法为主、地质雷达法为辅、超前地质钻探法为补充手段的综合超前地质预报技术,对隧道开挖掌子面前方的不良地质体进行了准确预报,所采用的综合地质预报技术可供类似工程借鉴。     

对青岛胶州湾隧道超前地质预报工作的思考及建议

超前地质预报工作应当编制相应的地质预报方案,海底隧道尤应如此.地质预报方案编制前,必须充分掌握熟悉隧道施工场区的地质背景条件,不同的地质背景,地质条件不同、地质复杂程度不同、勘察难度不同,因此有不同的地质预报方案.文章阐述了隧道超前地质预报工作的目的、性质以及编制超前地质预报方案的指导思想,着重强调地质观察研究在地质预报工作中的重要性.通过对超前预报相关合同文件所规定的预报手段的效用及特点的阐述以及人们对地质背景条件的不同认识,提出了胶州湾隧道不同的地质预报方案,同时对地质预报工作提出了建议.     

高压、富水岩溶隧道施工地质预报探讨

在新大瑶山隧道工程中,建立了隧道施工地质预报机构和地质信息系统,采用了宏观控制预报、准确预报、验证预报三级预报方法.由于利用了以野外地质调绘、洞内CCD地质编录、超前水平钻探、TSP203及直流电法为主要探测手段的综合预报技术,提高了预报的科学性、准确性,降低了预报成本.     

长大深埋隧道超前地质预报软件开发

采用人工神经网络技术、模糊-层次综合评判等非线性智能科学技术,并应用数据库技术和软件工程技术,集成开发了长大深埋隧道超前地质预报软件系统(TGP-CAS).本软件的功能包括:能够预报隧道基本地质条件;预测岩爆、大变形、塌方等施工地质灾害;查询TSP、GPR等物理超前探测成果;综合查询设计期、施工期地质信息和超前地质预报信息,并生成综合预报初步结论;结合地质信息和物理探测信息综合预测岩体破碎程度等隧道不良地质情况.     

浅谈TSP203超前地质预报系统在隧道施工中的应用

本文作者通过对TSP203超前地质预报系统的现场操作应用，总结归纳出了一套TSP203超前地质预报系统现场操作手册，可以作为现场操作该仪器的参考及培训资料，并简要列举了TSP203操作系统相对其它地质预报方法的优点。     

地质超前预报在天登寺隧道施工中的应用

地质超前预报可为隧道施工探明地质情况及开挖方案的确定提供准确的依据.文章以地质超前预报在天登寺隧道施工中的应用为例,介绍了地质超前预报的工作原理、内容及数据处理、解译技术.并通过测试分析,指出地质超前预报系统具有操作简便、评估可靠、预测结果快捷直观的特点,对减少施工的盲目性和事故发生率、降低施工成本和缩短施工工期起到了重要的作用.     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。