客车静态和动态侧倾稳定性判别方法对比研究

建立了某款客车侧向、横摆和侧倾的3自由度动力学数学模型,进行了该客车的静态稳定性因子和静态侧翻稳定角的计算,以及动态鱼钩试验和双移线试验的仿真对比。结果表明,静态工况下计算得出的客车所能达到的车辆侧向加速度要比动态工况下的大,客车在极限工况下容易发生侧滑或横摆失稳,发生绊倒侧翻的可能性大于非绊倒侧翻。     

基于零力矩点位置和模糊控制的商用车防侧翻控制

为了防止车辆发生侧翻,引入零力矩点的位置作为车辆侧翻的指标。根据某一时刻车辆的状态,预测下一段时间内零力矩点的y坐标,来计算该时刻的侧翻时间。一旦某时刻的侧翻时间小于设定的门限值,则激活车辆防侧翻控制策略,对车辆进行控制,防止车辆发生侧翻。本文中采用基于模糊控制的PID控制策略,对不同的车轮施加不同制动力矩,防止车辆发生侧翻。通过Truck Sim和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真,对算法进行验证,对采取模糊控制差动制动策略、传统的PID策略和无侧翻控制策略的车辆,分别进行阶跃试验和鱼钩试验,测取采取不同控制策略车辆的实时侧倾角。对比结果表明,采用模糊差动制动控制策略的车辆,防侧翻性能最好。     

混凝土搅拌运输车操纵稳定性测试分析与评价研究

随着JT/T 1178.1-2018《营运货车安全技术条件第1部分:载货汽车》的发布与实施,混凝土搅拌运输车需要进行操纵稳定性试验,主要包括蛇形试验、稳态回转试验以及抗侧翻试验。主要测量了车辆的瞬态行驶稳定性、不足转向度和抗侧翻稳定性,通过对不同车型混凝土搅拌运输车的试验数据进行对比,分析影响操纵稳定性的主要因素并提出解决方法。与此同时,对混凝土搅拌运输车的操纵稳定性试验的注意事项进行了归纳。     

纯电动牵引车ESC试验侧翻稳定性研究分析

针对某款纯电动牵引车ESC性能试验时轮胎出现离地现象,与该车型燃油版本的试验结果进行了对比分析,建立了力学模型对车辆侧翻和侧滑的发生条件进行分析.结果表明,牵引车在紧急转向时发生侧翻的可能性比发生侧滑的可能性更大,纯电动牵引车相比于燃油版车型发生侧翻的极限车速更低.研究结果为牵引车ESC系统设计提供了参考.     

汽车侧翻试验台非接触式防翻装置的设计开发

为保证汽车侧倾稳定角试验过程中的车辆安全,设计开发了一种用于防止试验车辆发生侧翻安全事故的非接触式防翻装置。该装置通过液压缸驱动防护支撑板,实现支撑板与侧翻试验台上的被试车辆保持一定安全距离的跟随运动,避免车辆达到侧倾稳定临界角时发生侧翻。经现场试验表明,该装置能够实现设计功能,在不影响试验结果的情况下保证车辆安全。     

车辆侧翻警示及控制系统的现状研究

乘用车领域,SUV由于质心较高,导致动态侧翻稳定性较差,易产生侧翻;商用车领域,重型车辆(尤其是重型半挂车)具有重量和尺寸大、质心高等特点,与其他公路车辆相比,其侧翻稳定极限较低。因此,提高车辆的侧倾稳定性是提高公路运输安全和减少交通事故的重要手段。本文阐述了车辆侧翻警示与控制系统的研究方法,比较出车辆侧翻警示与控制的优缺点,为车辆侧翻警示算法及控制策略的研究奠定了基础。     

半挂式液罐车罐内液体晃动及其对整车侧翻稳定性影响研究现状

半挂式液罐车具有载重大、运输效率高、经济成本低的特点,逐步成为我国液体货物道路运输的主力。车辆运行过程中罐内液体晃动和车辆运动之间的耦合作用大大降低车辆的行驶稳定性,使液罐车易发生横摆、侧翻等问题。文章主要对罐内液体晃动的常见研究方法及液体晃动对侧翻稳定性影响进行总结分析,为研究半挂式液罐车侧翻稳定性提供一定的理论基础。     

A Research on the Robust Rollover Control Algorithm for Heavy Duty Vehicle Based on LMI

将重型车辆侧翻稳定性控制问题转化为通过状态反馈控制实现鲁棒干扰抑制的问题.在此基础上,以动态横向载荷转移率为控制目标,设计一个基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的状态反馈鲁棒控制器.利用商业软件Trucksim中的模型,进行开环和人-车闭环的侧翻稳定性控制对比仿真.结果表明,LMI防侧翻鲁棒控制器可有效提高车辆的侧倾稳定性,并具有较好的抗干扰性和鲁棒性.     

美国NCAP鱼钩试验方法研究

重点分析美国NCAP(New Car Assessment Program,新车评价规程)中用于评价车辆整体动态抗侧翻稳定性能的鱼钩试验测评方法,建立了整车鱼钩测评试验流程和试验能力,完成鱼钩整车道路试验验证,为国内车辆动态抗侧翻稳定系统开发和测评标准的制定提供了参考.     

解读美国车辆防侧翻法规

基于美国49CFR Part575和FMVSS208法规对车辆的侧翻形成机理和形式进行研究,初步探讨了车辆防侧翻的评价指标,并归纳了美国NCAP对车辆防侧翻能力的星级评价方法,对我国制定车辆防侧翻检测标准的具有指导意义。     

Contour line of load transfer ratio for vehicle rollover prediction

For vehicle rollover control systems, an accurate and predictive rollover index is necessary for a precise rollover threat detection and rollover prevention. In this paper, the contour line of load transfer ratio (CL-LTR) and the CL-LTR-based vehicle rollover index (CLRI) are proposed, describing LTR threshold and LTR change rate precisely, providing an accurate prediction of vehicle rollover threat. In detail, the CL-LTR is proposed via the roll dynamics phase plane analysis, and its analytical solution of one-degree-of-freedom vehicle roll model and extension for full vehicle are derived. Moreover, the predictive CLRI is proposed and evaluated via vehicle dynamics study. The results demonstrate that vehicle rollover threat is predicted accurately based on the CLRI, which shows benefits for the vehicle rollover prediction and stability control.     

Design of a rollover index-based vehicle stability control scheme

This paper presents a rollover index (RI)-based vehicle stability control (VSC) scheme. A rollover index, which indicates an impending rollover, is developed by a roll dynamics phase plane analysis. A model-based roll estimator is designed to estimate the roll angle and roll rate of the vehicle body with lateral acceleration, yaw rate, steering angle and vehicle velocity measurements. The rollover index is computed using an estimated roll angle, estimated roll rate, measured lateral acceleration and time-to-wheel lift. A differential braking control law is designed using a direct yaw control method. The VSC threshold is determined from the rollover index. The effectiveness of the RI, the performance of the estimator and the control scheme are investigated via simulations using a validated vehicle simulator. It is shown that the proposed RI can be a good measure of the danger of rollover and the proposed RI-based VSC scheme can reduce the risk of a rollover.     

Effect of vertical and lateral coupling between tyre and road on vehicle rollover

The vehicle stability involves many aspects, such as the anti-rollover stability in extreme steering operations and the vehicle lateral stability in normal steering operations. The relationships between vehicle stabilities in extreme and normal circumstances obtain less attention according to the present research works. In this paper, the coupling interactions between vehicle anti-rollover and lateral stability, as well as the effect of road excitation, are taken into account on the vehicle rollover analysis. The results in this paper indicate that some parameters influence the different vehicle stabilities diversely or even contradictorily. And it has been found that there are contradictions between the vehicle rollover mitigation performance and the lateral stability. The direct cause for the contradiction is the lateral coupling between tyres and road. Tyres with high adhesion capacity imply that the vehicle possesses a high performance ability to keep driving direction, whereas the rollover risk of this vehicle increases due to the greater lateral force that tyres can provide. Furthermore, these contradictions are intensified indirectly by the vertical coupling between tyres and road. The excitation from road not only deteriorates the tyres’ adhesive condition, but also has a considerable effect on the rollover in some cases.     

基于车辆稳定性的改扩建高速公路横坡方案安全性评价研究

针对改扩建高速公路单侧加宽方案老路利用时可能存在的行车稳定性问题,应用基于车辆动力学的建模仿真方法,采用联合仿真技术,在Carsim/Trucksim仿真软件中得到车辆在横坡组合路段行驶过程中车轮的垂直载荷与车辆侧向加速度;在Simulink中计算车辆的横向载荷转移率和侧向加速度;通过上述指标分析车辆横向侧翻和侧滑稳定性,判断车辆在改扩建公路横坡组合路段上的行驶稳定性;联合仿真结果表明,车辆在横向坡度为2%和1.5%、换道路长为120 m和80 m的横坡组合路段上行驶均具有良好的横向稳定性;该方法可用于其他道路和驾驶行为的车辆稳定性分析.      

Vehicle dynamic estimation with road bank angle consideration for rollover detection: theoretical and experimental studies

This article describes a method of vehicle dynamics estimation for impending rollover detection. This method is evaluated via a professional vehicle dynamics software and then through experimental results using a real test vehicle equipped with an inertial measurement unit. The vehicle dynamic states are estimated in the presence of the road bank angle (as a disturbance in the vehicle model) using a robust observer. The estimated roll angle and roll rate are used to compute the rollover index which is based on the prediction of the lateral load transfer. In order to anticipate the rollover detection, a new method is proposed in order to compute the time-to-rollover using the load transfer ratio. The used nonlinear model is deduced from the vehicle lateral dynamics and is represented by a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. This representation is used in order to take into account the nonlinearities of lateral cornering forces. The proposed TS observer is designed with unmeasurable premise variables in order to consider the non-availability of the slip angles measurement. Simulation results show that the proposed observer and rollover detection method exhibit good efficiency.     

Vehicle lift-off modelling and a new rollover detection criterion

The modelling and development of a general criterion for the prediction of rollover threshold is the main purpose of this work. Vehicle dynamics models after the wheels lift-off and when the vehicle moves on the two wheels are derived and the governing equations are used to develop the rollover threshold. These models include the properties of the suspension and steering systems. In order to study the stability of motion, the steady-state solutions of the equations of motion are carried out. Based on the stability analyses, a new relation is obtained for the rollover threshold in terms of measurable response parameters. The presented criterion predicts the best time for the prevention of the vehicle rollover by applying a correcting moment. It is shown that the introduced threshold of vehicle rollover is a proper state of vehicle motion that is best for stabilising the vehicle with a low energy requirement.     

Stability and optimised H∞ control of tripped and untripped vehicle rollover

Vehicle rollover is a serious traffic accident. In order to accurately evaluate the possibility of untripped and some special tripped vehicle rollovers, and to prevent vehicle rollover under unpredictable variations of parameters and harsh driving conditions, a new rollover index and an anti-roll control strategy are proposed in this paper. Taking deflections of steering and suspension induced by the roll at the axles into consideration, a six degrees of freedom dynamic model is established, including lateral, yaw, roll, and vertical motions of sprung and unsprung masses. From the vehicle dynamics theory, a new rollover index is developed to predict vehicle rollover risk under both untripped and special tripped situations. This new rollover index is validated by Carsim simulations. In addition, an H-infinity controller with electro hydraulic brake system is optimised by genetic algorithm to improve the anti-rollover performance of the vehicle. The stability and robustness of the active rollover prevention control system are analysed by some numerical simulations. The results show that the control system can improve the critical speed of vehicle rollover obviously, and has a good robustness for variations in the number of passengers and longitude position of the centre of gravity.     

Practical vehicle rollover avoidance control using energy method

In this paper, a novel rollover prevention control algorithm is developed for application on vehicles with a high centre of gravity. The developed algorithm can be implemented on any vehicle equipped with an electronic stability program with or without an extra roll rate sensor. The vehicle rollover index is defined from the vehicle lateral kinetic energy and the new concept of virtual gravity. The algorithm is implemented on a production hydraulic control unit and tested using a typical medium size sport utility vehicle up to a speed of 110 km h^-1. The test results show that the control algorithm prevents the vehicle rollover very successfully without any noticeable false activation or over correction resulting in severe under steer. Also, the controlled wheel speed shows a very stable and smooth trace.     

Worst-Case Vehicle Evaluation Methodology – Examples on Truck Rollover/Jackknifing and Active Yaw Control Systems

A worst-case vehicle evaluation methodology is presented in this paper. This evaluation method identifies worst-case excitation signals so that the vehicle performance under extreme conditions can be assessed. Two case study examples are presented to illustrate the design procedure and potential benefits of this method: the rollover and jackknifing of an articulated truck, and the evaluation of an active yaw control system. In both cases, the worst-case method was able to produce unstable results at very modest steering/braking levels.