内河船舶舵设备的安全检查

舵设备主要由舵叶、转舵装置、舵机、操舵装置和传动装置等部分组成。其中舵机和转舵装置安装在船尾。船舶舵设备按驱动动力分为人力舵设备、蒸汽舵设备、电动舵设备与电动液压舵设备。液压舵设备具有体积小、重量轻、转矩大、灵敏度高的特点,工作平稳安全可靠,能缓冲风浪对舵叶的冲击,运转噪音低、振动小,而且可实现无级变速,功率的范围广。     

扭曲舵空泡观测实船试验研究

为验证扭曲舵的抗空化效果,在前期完成扭曲舵设计及实船换装工作的基础上,首次在国内开展了扭曲舵和普通舵的空化实船观测对比试验,对两种舵在设计航速和最大航速下固定舵角工况和直航自动舵工况的空泡进行了比较.结果表明:在相同航速工况下,扭曲舵的舵面空化起始舵角可提高10°左右,可以消除舰船常用航行状态下舵面的空化问题;在高航速大舵角工况时,扭曲舵的空化面积远小于常规舵;在扭曲舵优化的基础上,防腐蚀电极新型安装结构和舵下端导流罩可以有效解决防腐蚀电极和舵下端面的空化问题.通过扭曲舵空泡观测实船试验,证明了扭曲舵具有良好的抗空化性能,为抑制水面舰船舵空化剥蚀、降低船尾振动噪声提供了有效途径,具有优良的应用前景.     

潜艇围壳舵和首舵水动力性能比较

安装在潜艇上的首部水平舵位置对于潜艇在垂直方向的稳定性以及操纵性具有重大意义.本文首先通过Fluent 14.0计算Suboff模型的阻力以及DTMB舵型的升、阻力,仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好.然后计算带围壳舵Suboff潜艇和带首舵Suboff潜艇的阻力、升力特性,并比较了潜艇带首舵和围壳舵的升阻力特性差异,以及对艇体表面压力分布和尾部流场的影响.计算结果显示,相同舵角下,围壳舵和首舵阻力相差不大,围壳舵升力比首舵升力大.相同舵角下,潜艇总阻力相差不大,带首舵潜艇总升力、总力矩比带围壳舵潜艇总升力、总力矩大.围壳舵舵角的变化对艇体表面的压力变化影响相对首舵来说较小.围壳舵和首舵在较大舵角下,都会对尾水平舵产生显著影响.     

潜艇围壳舵和首舵水动力性能比较

安装在潜艇上的首部水平舵位置对于潜艇在垂直方向的稳定性以及操纵性具有重大意义。本文首先通过Fluent 14.0计算Suboff模型的阻力以及DTMB舵型的升、阻力,仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。然后计算带围壳舵Suboff潜艇和带首舵Suboff潜艇的阻力、升力特性,并比较了潜艇带首舵和围壳舵的升阻力特性差异,以及对艇体表面压力分布和尾部流场的影响。计算结果显示,相同舵角下,围壳舵和首舵阻力相差不大,围壳舵升力比首舵升力大。相同舵角下,潜艇总阻力相差不大,带首舵潜艇总升力、总力矩比带围壳舵潜艇总升力、总力矩大。围壳舵舵角的变化对艇体表面的压力变化影响相对首舵来说较小。围壳舵和首舵在较大舵角下,都会对尾水平舵产生显著影响。     

舵球鳍参数对扭曲舵水动力性能的影响研究

文章对桨后普通舵和扭曲舵的水动力性能进行了试验研究,并采用计算流体力学方法对桨舵系统的水动力性能进行计算,得到了不同进速系数下的推力系数、扭矩系数以及敞水效率,并绘制了敞水性能曲线。通过桨舵模型试验值与计算值的对比,验证了计算方法的可靠性。为了进一步提高扭曲舵的节能效果,在扭曲舵前安装了舵球,优化舵球的半径后在舵球两端安装推力鳍,通过优选推力鳍的各个参数（安装位置、展弦比和安装角）,使桨舵系统的敞水效率逐步提高。确定了舵球鳍的最优参数后,桨—扭曲舵系统的效率进一步提高1.2%。最后通过观察舵表面压力分布、舵附近轴向速度和迹线分布,分析了舵球鳍对桨舵干扰的影响。     

舵套筒形式的全悬挂扭曲舵设计

从舵系计算及舵叶、呆舵、舵杆、舵套筒和舵承的设计等方面出发,对舵套筒形式的全悬挂扭曲舵进行优化设计。利用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)软件计算分析,确保整个舵系设计达到预期效果。     

大型全悬挂舵几何要素值的选取

分别以舵套筒插入舵叶深度比和舵叶的展弦比为变量,推导全悬挂舵的舵力、舵扭矩、舵杆直径和舵套筒直径的数学表达式。根据函数性质、函数极值和函数曲线,选取较佳的舵套筒插入深度比和展弦比几何要素。该选取方法可作为大型全悬挂舵的设计参考依据。     

共翼型舵特性及其对潜艇潜浮运动影响研究

共翼型舵是一种新型的潜艇组合舵翼操纵面.文章首先通过水洞试验和CFD计算对共翼型舵的敞水水动力性能进行了研究,结果表明,共翼型舵的舵效随弦长比和展弦比增大,封堵舵翼之间的间隙可以显著提高舵的水动力性能.随后通过CFD计算对比了分别安装有普通舵、共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇的潜浮运动,结果显示,5°舵角时,安装共翼型舵和封堵缝隙的共翼型舵的潜艇模型潜浮角分别比安装普通舵的模型提高65％和105％左右.     

4000DWT多用途船襟翼舵的设计与安装

襟翼舵作为一种特殊舵,与普通舵相比,在提高舵效,改善船舶操纵性能等方面有着明显的效果,作为一种用在江海直达多用途船上的襟翼舵,其设计与安装显得尤为重要.通过以舵参数为设计基础,合理结构设计以提高舵效,细化其安装工艺、提高建造质量,从性能、结构、工艺上介绍了4000DWT多用途船襟翼舵的设计与安装情况,最后通过对该型船的试航情况分析证明其襟翼舵是成功的.     

均流中大型集装箱船桨舵干扰粘性流场的数值计算研究

应用FLUENT软件的滑移网格技术,实现了均匀来流中的桨舵干扰粘性流场计算。考察了桨推力、舵受力,桨舵周围的速度、压力分布。为尝试预报舵空泡性能,还考察了桨舵间距变化对舵面上的压力分布的影响,取得了与舵空泡观察试验一致的结果。本项工作为船后桨舵干扰粘性流场计算提供了基础。     

渔政船的兴波阻力数值计算与预报

渔政船是进行海上渔政监管与执法的专业船只,快速性是保证其顺利完成任务的关键因素。为了快速、准确地预报渔政船的兴波阻力,以Rankine源法和Michell积分法为基础,编制相应的数值计算程序,计算了某渔政船的兴波阻力,并将其计算结果与阻力试验值相比较,结果表明Rankine源法和试验值较为接近;再将Rankine源法与Holtrop法、Slender-body理论进一步地分析比较,发现对于高速渔政船来说,只要船体网格和自由面网格划分合理,Rankine源法在预报阻力方面优势更加突出。     

层次模糊评价法在码头前沿回旋水域方案比选中的运用

为解决码头前沿回旋水域方案比选的不确定性问题,将模糊层次分析法运用到对回旋水域方案比选评价中,采用层次分析法确定回旋水域方案各评价指标的权重,建立回旋水域方案比选的模糊综合评价模型,最终给出各方案的优劣顺序.以广东珠海LNG项目一期工程船舶靠离泊操纵回旋水域为例进行分析验证,其结果较为满意.     

精细时程积分在载荷识别中的应用

在载荷识别的逆问题研究中引入精细时程积分的理论,给出了基于模态分解形式的载荷识别公式,并构造出矩阵表达形式,能利用结构响应数据通过迭代求解瞬态随机外部激励幅值.数值算例结果表明,该方法能较好地识别外部激励,而且在已知激励位置时,识别结果更加可靠,精度令人满意.相对于频域内识别外部激励的传统解法,也提供了一种在计算量和精度上都令人满意的时域方法.     

船舶虚拟装配集成化建模方法研究(英文)

A new method of virtual ship assembly modeling which integrates ship three-dimensional design and ship construction planning was described in this paper. A workflow model of simulation modeling based on the virtual ship assembly process was also established; furthermore, a method of information transformation between the ship three-dimensional design and ship construction plan was formulated. To meet the requirements of information sharing between different systems in the ship virtual assembly, a simulation database was created by using the software engineering design method and the relational data model. With the application of this database, the information of ship three-dimensional design, construction planning, and virtual assembly can be integrated into one system. Subsequently, this new method was applied as a tool to simulate the virtual assembly of a ship, and the results guarantee its rationality and reliability.     

基于本体的船舶机舱布置设计方法研究

针对船舶机舱布置智能化程度低、设计知识难以继承与共享的特点,将本体理论引入到机舱布置领域,并探讨了有关机舱布置智能化设计的相关内容。提出了基于本体的机舱布置设计方法框架,运用本体建模软件Protégé实现了框架中的部分功能,并通过实例验证了本体的一致性、通用性与有效性,构建了基本的查询、推理与扩展机制,以便于在进一步的研究中整合网络资源,实现设计知识继承共享,为船舶机舱布置辅助设计程序的开发奠定基础。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

CFD动态网格技术在水下航行体非定常操纵运动预报中的应用研究

针对水下低速航行体非定常操纵运动中雷诺数及水动力系数随时间变化这一特点,文章采用基于动态网格技术的CFD数值方法对其进行运动模拟.通过对传统动态混合网格模型进行发展,提出了一种改进的动态混合网格模型,以此建立了非定常操纵运动数值预报方法.为验证所建立的数值预报方法对水下低速航行体操纵运动水动力的预报精度,并以带攻角均匀直航的滑行状态为研究对象,应用动网格技术对一典型水下低速航行体缩比模型主体及带附体的水动力进行了计算,结果与风洞模型试验结果吻合较好;文中进而将其应用于一水下滑翔机自航模非定常运动的预报,结果与试验符合较好,初步验证了动网格技术的应用能力和所建立的预报方法的有效性.文中的工作可以为水下航行体及其自航模非定常操纵运动的数值模拟提供基础.     

半潜式平台关键结构全寿期极限强度预报方法研究

文章基于逐步破坏分析法和有限元计算方法,发展了一种计及材料腐蚀、疲劳裂纹等结构损伤的半潜式海洋平台关键结构全寿期极限强度计算方法。以一服役水深为3000 m半潜式平台为研究对象,选取横撑和立柱局部结构作为研究对象,以不同服役年限下裂纹扩展长度和腐蚀厚度作为变化参数,采用ANSYS软件建立其参数化有限元模型,计算了不同服役年限下半潜式海洋平台关键结构极限强度,在此基础上分析了全寿期内关键结构极限强度随服役年限的变化规律。     

Design optimization of a torpedo shell structure

An optimized methodology to design a more robust torpedo shell is proposed. The method has taken into account reliability requirements and controllable and uncontrollable factors such as geometry, load, material properties, manufacturing processes, installation, etc. as well as human and environmental factors. The result is a more realistic shell design. Our reliability optimization design model was developed based on sensitivity analysis. Details of the design model are given in this paper. An example of a torpedo shell design based on this model is given and demonstrates that the method produces designs that are more effective and reliable than traditional torpedo shell designs. This method can be used for other torpedo system designs.     

Structural-acoustic optimization of stiffened panels based on a genetic algorithm

For the structural-acoustic radiation optimization problem under external loading,acoustic radiation power was considered to be an objective function in the optimization method. The finite element method(FEM) and boundary element method(BEM) were adopted in numerical calculations,and structural response and the acoustic response were assumed to be de-coupled in the analysis. A genetic algorithm was used as the strategy in optimization. In order to build the relational expression of the pressure objective function and the power objective function,the enveloping surface model was used to evaluate pressure in the acoustic domain. By taking the stiffened panel structural-acoustic optimization problem as an example,the acoustic power and field pressure after optimized was compared. Optimization results prove that this method is reasonable and effective.