袖阀管注浆帷幕在地铁周边建筑物保护中的应用

在如火如荼的城市地铁建设过程中,城市既有构筑物不可避免地会与隧道结构近距离接触,致使隧道施工对周边环境产生各种消极影响.开挖步序、爆破震动、支护强度、地下水等因素相互作用,使地面及周边构筑物产生沉降.文章以深圳某地铁车站施工为背景,介绍了袖阀帷幕注浆的施工要点,分析了袖阀管注浆帷幕在地铁车站暗挖施工中对周边构筑物的保护作用,并利用有限元软件ANSYS进行了效果模拟.分析结果证明,帷幕注浆对保证隧道近距离施工中的结构安全和控制地表沉降是十分有效的.     

水平袖阀管深孔注浆在广州地铁的应用

在城市地铁施工中,由于隧道埋深相对较浅,且经常要穿越工程地质复杂、水文地质极差、围岩级别较低的地段,若采用矿山法施工,通常要采用大管棚、超前小导管、水平冻结……等辅助措施.文章结合广州地铁二号线纪-越区间隧道实际施工情况,介绍了另外一种辅助工法--水平袖阀管深孔注浆,并将它与同时采用的超前小导管注浆进行多方面比较,得出了水平袖阀管深孔注浆优于超前小导管注浆并具有广泛适用性的结论.     

注浆技术在复合地层滑坡体隧道工程中的应用

蒙华铁路五原隧道滑坡堆积体内夹杂砂质新黄土、粘质新黄土、细圆砾土、粉质粘土等多种地层,斜井开挖揭示掌子面富水,初期支护变形较大。为确保隧道开挖安全,决定采用地表袖阀管注浆加固技术。文章详细阐述了袖阀管注浆施工工艺、注浆加固效果的分析评价方法以及不同地层的注浆加固机理。实际应用效果表明,袖阀管注浆兼有渗透注浆、挤密注浆和劈裂注浆的独特优势,能有效提高隧道洞身地层整体性和稳定性,确保复合地层滑坡体隧道施工安全。     

刚性袖阀管束注浆新技术的研究与应用

在我国西北地区修建铁路、公路、水利等隧道及地下工程,大多要穿越第三系富水粉细砂层,施工掘进中经常遭遇突水、涌砂等灾害,致使工程进度缓慢,威胁施工安全,同时对区域水环境造成不良影响。基于此,文章结合兰渝铁路胡麻岭隧道富水粉细砂层段施工实例,提出了刚性袖阀管束注浆新技术,刚性袖阀管束在纵向可发挥地层锚固作用,提高开挖面稳定性;在径向可发挥预支护作用,有效约束松动圈形成,控制隧道变形。通过在胡麻岭隧道运用刚性袖阀管束注浆新技术,成功地解决了砂层成孔性差、浆液扩散困难以及可注性差等技术难题,注浆效果和注浆施工效率明显提高,保证了富水粉细砂层隧道施工安全。     

富水流砂地层中下穿立交桥及燃气管线隧道围岩变形控制技术

深圳地铁四号线里程K9+125～K9+255段为富水流砂地层,该段隧道穿越立交桥群,与摩擦桩最小近接距离为5.46 m,且多条管线穿越隧道上方,隧道围岩变形控制要求极高,施工风险大.结合该隧道施工研究.总结了袖阀管联合钢管注浆加固桥桩技术、地面旋喷分仓止水帷幕结合洞内管棚和小导管注浆控制围岩变形技术、掌子面封堵技术、CRD法隧道开挖技术和排水技术等施工技术体系.其研究结果对国内同类施工条件下的工程施工具有一定的借鉴意义.     

袖阀管注浆在桥涵台背填土加固中的试验研究

文章结合对玉铁高速公路桥涵台背填筑质量的调查分析,在现场袖阀管注浆实体试验工程试验研究的基础上,提出了桥涵台背填土袖阀管注浆加固设计方案、施工工艺、质量控制与检测方法及评价标准。     

袖阀管注浆工法的研究、发展与应用

自索列坦修工法发明问世以来,在国内外工程中得到了很好的推广应用.中国引进索列坦修工法后,进行了研究和开发,并称此法为袖阀管注浆工法,该工法以分段注浆为主要工艺特点,应用中取得了良好的注浆效果.在实际应用中,此工法也逐渐暴露出了施工工艺较复杂、注浆管材价格较高、注浆过程中易出现串浆及卡管等问题,从而影响了推广应用.笔者通过对袖阀管注浆工法的研究,并结合工程实践,研制了新型的PVC袖阀管,开发了台阶式止浆塞,并将施工工艺中的封孔工艺简单化,从而使该工法更简单、实用且造价低,具有更高的推广应用价值.     

滨海软土层新建地铁盾构隧道近距离上跨既有地铁隧道修建技术

深圳地铁5号线南延工程前湾站—桂湾站盾构区间隧道上跨既有地铁11号线隧道,隧道重叠区域位于滨海淤泥软土地区,附近众多工程群坑关系复杂且相互影响极大。为确保上跨施工时既有地铁11号线隧道不发生超量变形或者破坏,在前桂区间隧道施工前采取了地质补勘、区间土体加固、补充加固、袖阀管注浆加固等施工准备措施,盾构推进过程中综合采用分段施工和参数调整、严格控制盾构推进和管片拼装质量、改良土体、同步注浆和补浆等措施,确保了盾构隧道施工安全可靠。施工监测结果表明,前桂区间盾构施工引起的既有地铁11号线隧道最大位移为5.0 mm,满足地铁保护的安全要求。     

公路桥涵台背压浆现场试验比选与应用

本文以广东省渝湛高速公路第8标段桥涵台背压浆工程为例,通过采用花管注浆和袖阀管压浆两种方案进行现场试验比较,选取效果较好的袖阀管压浆法应用于本项目,并对袖阀管压浆法施工工艺进行简要介绍。     

多种施工技术在广州地铁二号线纪越区间隧道的综合应用

城市地铁区间隧道的施工,依据不同的地质状况、环境要求、施工机具等条件,可以选择明挖、矿山、盾构、顶管、沉管、凿岩等不同的施工方法.在广州地铁二号线纪越区间隧道的矿山法施工中,综合应用了水平冻结、注浆止水帷幕、洞内超前深孔注浆、CRD法、密排小导管桩、控制爆破、监测信息反馈、地面跟踪注浆的施工技术,取得了满意的效果,确保了工程的安全顺利施工.     

Bicycles in large cities in China

Bicycles are a main means of transport in China. This paper discusses several aspects of the current situation and future policy, including the production of bicycles, their possession and utilization in typical large cities, the reasons for their importance in communication, the advantages and problems of bicycle traffic, and two different opinions on solving the existing problems. The paper also deals with road design for bicycles and their regulation in China's cities.     

Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Transportation - Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’...     

Parking policies in large cities in Germany

This article deals with highly motorized large West German cities of about 200,000 inhabitants and more, which usually provide reasonable public transport systems. Illegal parking with shares of about 40 to 50% of the total parking is widespread in the parking problem areas of those cities, especially in the inner-city residential and mixed-use areas. Parking spaces are demanded by residents, employees, customers and visitors, and by delivery and service traffic. The different characteristics of parking demands by different user groups are discussed. The total parking supply consists of public and private spaces. The share of private spaces is about 40 to 50% of the total parking spaces in German cities. The amount of car traffic generated by a parking space depends on parking duration and parking turnover, as well as on search traffic. So the change of a space from long-duration use of an employee to short-duration of customers — as often discussed in parking concepts — generates at least five-fold car traffic. The measurements and effects of parking control of public spaces as well as the parking regulations in zoning ordinances, restrictions on the construction of new private parking spaces and park-and-ride are discussed. Finally, a parking concept methodology — using the example of Frankfurt am Main — is discussed.     

Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan

The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

Role of transport in rural development in Africa

Rural Africa is starved of transport services. The transport routes run towards the export enclaves and the coast.

The political, social and developmental rural transport benefits are discussed. Rural transport will help (i) integrate the country and ease its governance; (ii) widen markets; (iii) induce increased agricultural output, through new technologies, reduced transport costs, etc. The transport cost savings should be passed on to rural firms and producers. The paper warns against their accruing only to middlemen — agricultural parastatals inclusive, thereby stifling the benefits to production. This could happen under some forms of pan‐territorial pricing. Negative aspects of road development, e.g. the substitution of local goods by imports, increased migration and noise, are noted.

The place and role of project appraisal in rural road planning is acknowledged. The broad‐based development packages approach associated with Integrated Rural Development Projects has, despite its attractions, some pitfalls. It favours well established villages and ignores distribution benefits within villages.

Project appraisal can be used to justify socially uneconomic transport developments. However, rural road investment projects with immediate negative returns are unlikely to be funded. Given clear priorities, short of elaborate cost/benefit analysis, obvious road investments choices can be made by the local community. Greater public accountability of transport planners and peoples’ participation in determining rural transport needs and priorities is emphasized. Increased rural road maintenance especially through self‐help schemes and increased use of traditional modes of transport, e.g. walking, animal and water transport, is recommended.     

Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities

ABSTRACT

Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities.     

Passenger rail in North America in the light of developments in Western Europe and Japan

Because of different geo‐demographic and economic conditions, the impact of the new passenger modes (road and air) on rail travel was much larger in North America than in Europe. In 1960s and 1970s, as the railway share of intercity traffic in North America shrunk to a negligible one or two percent, the passenger trains were abandoned by private railway companies and taken over by state organizations, which have continued to operate traditional trains and generate mounting losses. On the technology side, no attempts have been made to improve competitiveness of trains vis‐a‐vis automobiles and airplanes.

In Europe and Japan, the railways responded to the challenge by (i) upgrading the performance (speed) and comfort of traditional trains operating on existing tracks and (ii) developing trains which could, on short and intermediate range distances, compete successfully, in terms of speed and economy, with the road and air modes. The Japanese (Shinkansen trains) and French (TGV trains) experience clearly shows that trains operating on dedicated lines at average speeds of 150 to 200 km/hr provide a superior transportation service and economy on high‐traffic intercity routes of up to about 500 km length. In this paper the factors responsible for the present status of passenger rail in North America are analysed, the current policies in the U.S. and Canada are evaluated in the light of experience to date and developments abroad, and suggestions for a long‐term passenger rail policy are made. This includes examination of (i) the viability of continued subsidization of traditional train services, (ii) the viability of operation of faster trains on existing tracks, (iii) the scope for introduction of modern, fast trains on dedicated lines in high‐density, intercity corridors, (iv) the application of fast trains as access to major airports and integration of airports with fast intercity lines, and (v) the impact of energy (oil) consumption in transportation.

     

Heterogeneity among motorists in traffic-congested areas in southern California

Estimation of congestion costs, presumed to be one of the largest external costs of automobile travel, is typically based on a single value of time delay for motorists in metropolitan areas. However, the estimation may be wrong if the profiles of motorists are different at different times of day. This study uses a survival model to examine the demographic and socioeconomic profiles of motorists at different times of day at congested locations in southern California, by using on-road remote-sensing measurements and license plates images obtained in 2007 and 2008 by the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). More than 80,000 vehicles were observed from fifteen selected study sites over fifteen days. Their plates, through anonymized registration records, revealed addresses at the census block group level, which have homogenous profiles by construction. Motorists’ profiles at different times of day display large variation, however, according to extended Cox model with a non-parametric baseline hazard, which is used to accommodate both the time-invariant and time-varying effects of the covariates. This study thus proposes a new approach to examine heterogeneity among motorists.