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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5):315-338
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is an effective alternative for providing rail-like corridor transit service. An advanced BRT concept involves the use of automated buses to provide functions of a rail transit system. A vehicle under automatic steering control following a prescribed trajectory is operated like a train on a rail. A lateral position sensing that uses roadway markers, such as magnetic markers embedded under the roadway, as lateral reference is one of the promising approaches for a reliable sensing system. The BRT concept requires the steering control system to consistently perform all necessary steering functions from high speed driving to low speed precision docking. This paper describes a single steering controller that achieves all performance objectives. Various data collected during several public demonstrations are presented in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. These data include the following automatic steering control scenarios: over 100 mph high-speed driving, high-g maneuvers, sharp curve following, and low speed precision docking. 相似文献
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A Snowplow Steering Guidance System Using Roadway Markers - Problem Formulation and Solution Concept
Acquisition and utilization of lateral guidance information is crucial for steering a vehicle. With practice, human drivers have performed this function quite successfully using visual perception and hand -eye coordination. However, this seemingly simple task becomes difficult when the visual information loses its clarity. Driving a snowplow during whiteout conditions is one such example. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the snow removal operation, a supplemental guidance display was proposed and instrumented in a Caltrans (California Department of Transportation) snowplow. The guidance information was calculated based on the magnetic markers embedded in the roadway. Operations for the steering guidance system were successfully conducted on a 6.25 km freeway over Donner Summit on Interstate 80 in California during the 1998–1999 winter season. The key to this success was a transformation of the guidance display problem into a control problem. This paper describes the problem formulation and the solution concept for this steering guidance system. 相似文献
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A Snowplow Steering Guidance System Using Roadway Markers - Problem Formulation and Solution Concept 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Han-Shue Tan Benedicte Boulger 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1999,32(1):3-22
Acquisition and utilization of lateral guidance information is crucial for steering a vehicle. With practice, human drivers have performed this function quite successfully using visual perception and hand -eye coordination. However, this seemingly simple task becomes difficult when the visual information loses its clarity. Driving a snowplow during whiteout conditions is one such example. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the snow removal operation, a supplemental guidance display was proposed and instrumented in a Caltrans (California Department of Transportation) snowplow. The guidance information was calculated based on the magnetic markers embedded in the roadway. Operations for the steering guidance system were successfully conducted on a 6.25 km freeway over Donner Summit on Interstate 80 in California during the 1998-1999 winter season. The key to this success was a transformation of the guidance display problem into a control problem. This paper describes the problem formulation and the solution concept for this steering guidance system. 相似文献
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Analysis of Automatic Steering Control for Highway Vehicles with Look-down Lateral Reference Systems
Jü rgen Guldner Han-Shue Tan Satyajit Patwardhan 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1996,26(4):243-269
In this paper, steering control for passenger cars on automated highways is analyzed, concentrating on look-down reference systems. Extension of earlier experimental results for low speed to highway speed is shown to be non-trivial. The limitations of pure output-feedback of lateral vehicle displacement from the road reference are examined under practical constraints and performance requirements like robustness, maximum lateral error and comfort. The in-depth system analysis directly leads to a new alternative design direction which allows to preserve look-ahead reference systems for highway speed automatic driving. 相似文献
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Analysis of Automatic Steering Control for Highway Vehicles with Look-down Lateral Reference Systems
《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(4):243-269
SUMMARY In this paper, steering control for passenger cars on automated highways is analyzed, concentrating on look-down reference systems. Extension of earlier experimental results for low speed to highway speed is shown to be non-trivial. The limitations of pure output-feedback of lateral vehicle displacement from the road reference are examined under practical constraints and performance requirements like robustness, maximum lateral error and comfort. The in-depth system analysis directly leads to a new alternative design direction which allows to preserve look-ahead reference systems for highway speed automatic driving. 相似文献
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开展自动驾驶测试场景研究能够大幅减少自动驾驶汽车的测试周期与开发成本,是未来评价和提升自动驾驶技术的重要基础。为此,联合基于本体论的场景解构方法,提出了一种基于多通道态势图的自动驾驶场景表征方法,并对多通道态势图的场景聚类与场景复杂度进行研究。首先,对目前的自动驾驶测试方法进行分析,论述道路测试的不足之处以及基于场景的自动驾驶虚拟测试的优点,并对当前的场景解构与表征方法进行了总结;然后,运用本体论解构场景中的信息,并建立场景的本体模型,对模型中的数据属性进行参数化;接着,对真实场景、场景中的语义信息和多通道态势图场景进行对比分析,定义表征场景的多通道态势图的数据格式,将解构出的场景信息重组到多通道态势图的不同层中;之后,以汉明距离为基础设计了多通道态势图的对象层相似度计算方法,采用K均值聚类算法对驾驶场景对象层进行聚类分析,并借助层次分析法对基于多通道态势图的驾驶场景复杂度计算进行研究;最后,以KITTI数据集的一些真实场景为例,绘制场景开始时刻的多通道态势图,分析聚类出的9种对象分布类型。研究结果验证了多通道态势图场景复杂度计算方法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对轮毂电机分布式驱动越野车辆在狭小空间快速机动的需求,设计了一种分层结构的原地转向控制策略。基于动力学原理分析了各轮载荷、附着条件对原地转向横摆速度的影响机理,并搭建原地转向运动学模型,上层采用模型预测控制算法设计原地转向理想轨迹以及期望的横摆角速度,开发基于PI滑模控制的横摆运动跟踪算法,通过补偿转向横摆力矩以提高方向角控制的鲁棒性和稳定性,下层以最优轮胎利用率为目标,设计二次规划算法优化分配各轮附加横摆力矩。dSPACE硬件在环测试结果表明,所提出的控制算法可在保证稳定性的前提下实现原地转向,大幅提高了车辆的转向机动性,在方向盘动态输入仿真中,车辆最大转弯半径为0.157 m,转向中心的最大偏移量为3.610 m;同时,驾驶员能对转向过程进行闭环控制,实现了原地转向过程中横摆速度的实时调节。 相似文献
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根据全站仪的特点和极坐标法放样过程,分析利用支导线进行极坐标放样公路中线的点位精度和影响精度的因素.提出保证点位放样精度的措施。 相似文献
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自动驾驶车辆在实际道路上行驶之前的测试阶段是一个至关重要的环节。一个低成本、高效率以及高精度测量的自动驾驶车辆的测试方式,对于自动驾驶车辆的开发具有重要意义。将驾驶模拟器运用到研究自动驾驶车辆测试已是近年来的一个研究热点。基于虚拟驾驶场景的自动驾驶车辆的检测,通过组合虚拟驾驶场景的背景车辆、行人、交通灯、建筑、指示标牌等元素,研究将驾驶模拟器与虚拟驾驶场景的联合应用来测试自动驾驶车辆。设计了典型的交通场景,通过自动驾驶车辆和背景车辆的实时交互,研究自动驾驶车辆的各项性能指标。研究结果表明:该驾驶模拟器可以高度拟合人类驾驶体验,驾驶员通过驾驶模拟器控制背景车辆能够很好的模拟现实中的驾驶行为,对自动驾驶车辆的仿真测试起到了促进作用。 相似文献
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随着汽车及零部件行业的飞速发展,助力转向系统技术也得到了飞速发展和更新换代,从最初的机械助力转向,到液压助力转向,再到电动助力转向系统.尤其是随着当前汽车行业智能驾驶和车联网的发展,电动助力转向系统的高级功能开发和技术进一步提速,通过冗余设计从而来支持整车自动驾驶技术. 相似文献
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边坡监测逐渐从人工转为自动化,结合南宁吴圩机场至隆安高速公路高边坡工程案例,详细介绍智能监测系统在变形监测中的应用,并对2020年7月份的智能监测数据进行分析。结果表明:该工程的地表位移发生了一定变化,但在允许范围内,其边坡处于安全阶段。 相似文献
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为了总结面向智能车辆的现役道路设施行驶适应性,即现役道路基础设施承载智能车辆行驶的适宜程度,阐述自主智能驾驶定义与驾驶自动化等级分类,在此基础上剖析不同等级间的人机功能差异,并分别从感知层、感知-决策层、决策-控制层探讨与道路设计要素相关联的人机功能差异,通过归纳总结智能车辆与道路几何要素、路面性能及其他道路要素(如道路标线)的相互作用机制研究,从道路工程角度及其他道路要素方面回顾该领域的研究现状,指出存在的问题和未来发展方向。研究结果表明:相比传统车辆,配置高等级自动驾驶系统的智能车辆对现役道路设施行驶适应性最高,主动安全系统次之,而驾驶辅助及有条件自动驾驶系统适应性不足。而目前研究主要问题包括:难以归纳、标定不同驾驶自动化等级间的人机功能差异及其对于道路设计参数的需求设计值;测试道路场景条件过于理想,考虑的驾驶自动化等级单一,试验规模和样本有限;道路几何、路面性能以及道路标志、标线等道路要素与智能车辆间的相互作用机制研究不足,缺乏与不同道路场景相匹配的智能车辆驾驶特征数据的获取手段。因此建议:重视并推动与道路设计要素相关联的关键人机功能差异指标信息共享;联合高保真且可交互的道路场景、高精度感知传感器物理模型、车辆动力学模型及微观交通流模型,利用测试场景自动化生成、极限工况场景搜寻与泛化等技术开展智能驾驶虚拟测试,突破现有研究的深度和广度;探索反映不同等级智能车辆的道路行驶适应性特征指标与评价标准,精准、有效地评估预测复杂道路场景及不利道路条件下的行驶适应性。 相似文献
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该转向盘以嵌入式系统为核心,利用GPS数据变化判定车辆驻、行状态,以控制持续驾驶时间的计算周期,利用变压器式角位移传感器采集转向盘转角电压变化,采用电压波模式识别判断疲劳状态,并结合持续驾驶时间参量对疲劳驾驶进行预警。 相似文献