桥梁钻孔桩坍孔的预防与处理

介绍了梁钻孔桩坍孔的原因,重点对钻孔坍孔问题的处理进行了讨论。     

某多跨空腹式箱形拱桥倒塌成因分析

本文以某多跨空腹式箱形拱桥倒塌事故为例,对其倒塌成因进行了分析。首先,对桥梁倒塌事故现场进行了调查,探明了桥墩基础及桥位地质条件情况;其次,根据调查结果对拱桥结构进行了检算;此外,考虑了河床下切对桩基承载力的影响;分析结果表明,河床下切导致该桥下部结构从低桩承台转变为高桩承台,此时木桩承受的压应力大于其承载能力,木桩已经不能承担上部结构自重的作用,导致拱桥发生倒塌。     

Modelling the effects of road pricing on traffic using ERP traffic data

Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system involves time-variable charges which are intended to spread the morning traffic peak. The charges are revised every three months and thus induce regular motorists to re-think their travel decisions. ERP traffic data, captured by the system, provides a valuable source of information for studying motorists’ travel behaviour. This paper proposes a new modelling methodology for using these data to forecast short-term impacts of rate adjustment on peak period traffic volumes. Separate models are developed for different categories of vehicles which are segmented according to their demand elasticity with respect to road pricing. A method is proposed for estimating the maximum likelihood value of preferred arrival time (PAT) for each vehicle’s arrivals at a particular ERP gantry under different charging conditions. Iterative procedures are used in both model calibration and application. The proposed approach was tested using traffic datasets recorded in 2003 at a gantry located on Singapore’s Central Expressway (CTE). The model calibration and validation show satisfactory results.     

Evaluating effects of traffic and vehicle characteristics on vehicular emissions near traffic intersections

Urban air quality is generally poor at traffic intersections due to variations in vehicles’ speeds as they approach and leave. This paper examines the effect of traffic, vehicle and road characteristics on vehicular emissions with a view to understand a link between emissions and the most likely influencing and measurable characteristics. It demonstrates the relationships of traffic, vehicle and intersection characteristics with vehicular exhaust emissions and reviews the traffic flow and emission models. Most studies have found that vehicular exhaust emissions near traffic intersections are largely dependent on fleet speed, deceleration speed, queuing time in idle mode with a red signal time, acceleration speed, queue length, traffic-flow rate and ambient conditions. The vehicular composition also affects emissions. These parameters can be quantified and incorporated into the emission models. There is no validated methodology to quantify some non-measurable parameters such as driving behaviour, pedestrian activity, and road conditions     

Simulating the environmental effects of isolated and area-wide traffic calming schemes using traffic simulation and microscopic emission modeling

This study focuses on the development of a microscopic traffic simulation and emission modeling system which aims at quantifying the effects of different types of traffic calming measures on vehicle emissions both at a link-level and at a network-level. It also investigates the effects of isolated traffic-calming measures at a corridor level and area-wide calming schemes, using a scenario analysis. Our study is set in Montreal, Canada where a traffic simulation model for a dense urban neighborhood is extended with capabilities for microscopic emission estimation. The results indicate that on average, isolated calming measures increase carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions by 1.5, 0.3, and 1.5 %, respectively across the entire network. Area-wide schemes result in a percentage increase of 3.8 % for CO₂, 1.2 % for CO, and 2.2 % for NO_x across the entire network. Along specific corridors where traffic calming measures were simulated, increases in emissions of up to 83 % were observed. We also account for the effect of different measures on traffic volumes and observe moderate decreases in areas that have undergone traffic calming. In spite of traffic flow reductions, total emissions do increase.     

滨州黄河大桥钢结构的连接方式

结合滨州黄河大桥维修方案,分别阐述了焊缝连接和高强螺栓连接的施工工艺,并提出了具体的施工质量控制措施,以探讨钢结构桥梁的连接方式。     

济南建邦黄河公路大桥斜拉桥前支点挂篮施工控制

济南建邦黄河公路大桥主桥是一座三塔中央索面斜拉桥,其主梁悬臂施工采用前支点挂篮。从施工控制的角度对该桥前支点挂篮在分段悬臂浇注过程中施工控制涉及的几个方面进行了论述,内容涵盖前支点挂篮施工控制模拟分析、前支点挂篮锚固系统受力的确定、前支点挂篮的就位调整、前支点拉索张拉次数和张拉力的确定以及前支点挂篮变形误差分析等。     

The dynamics of traffic assignment and traffic control: A theoretical study

The paper considers traffic assignment, with traffic controls, in an increasingly dynamic way. First, a natural way of introducing the responsive policy, P_o, into steady state traffic assignment is presented. Then it is shown that natural stability results follow within a dynamical version of this static equilibrium model (still with a constant demand). We are able to obtain similar stability results when queues are explicitly allowed for, provided demand is constant. Finally we allow demand to vary with time; we consider the dynamic assignment problem with signal-settings now fixed. Here we assume that vehicles are very short and that deterministic queueing theory applies, and show that the time-dependent queueing delay at the bottleneck at the end of a link is a monotone function of the time-dependent input profile to the bottleneck. We have been unable to obtain results when dynamic demand and responsive signal control are combined.     

道路交通事故分析及预防对策

道路交通事故的预防是一个系统工程,通过对全国和新疆道路交通安全现状与道路交通事故原因的对比分析,分别从影响道路交通安全的人、车、路及环境四个方面提出了降低和预防道路交通事故的发生,确保行车安全的相应措施和建议。     

Welfare effects of road pricing and traffic information under alternative ownership regimes

This paper models strategic interactions between a road supplier, a provider of traffic information, and road users, with stochastic travel times. Using a game-theoretical analysis of suppliers’ pricing strategies, we assess the social welfare effects of traffic information under various ownership regimes. The results show that the distortive welfare effect of monopolistic information pricing appears relatively small. Collusion of the road operator and information provider yields higher social welfare than independent pricing by two firms. The intuition behind this result resembles that behind the welfare effects of double marginalization, but is not exactly the same, as traffic information is not strictly complementary to road use.     

The existence, uniqueness and stability of traffic equilibria

The paper considers, in a simple case, the interaction between Webster's Method and drivers' route-choice decisions. In the example considered the overall network capacity is severely reduced by using Webster's Method. This shows that Webster's Method does not, in general, maximize the travel capacity of a road network. The analysis of this simple case suggests a signal-setting policy which does maximize the travel capacity of a general network.     

二道垭隧道塌方原因分析与处理技术

处在断裂构造带附近的长大隧道洞室在开挖施工过程中,围岩出露往往复杂多变,因此,复杂的地质条件特别是软弱围岩常给长大隧道施工带来重重困难。文章结合二道垭隧道在软弱围岩施工过程中的塌方事故,分析了导致塌方的具体原因,并提出了相应的施工处理方案和相关建议。     

The dual of the traffic assignment problem with elastic demands

This article is concerned with the dual of the traffic assignment problem, and of the combined generation, distribution, and assignment problem. The duals, and duality relations, for the arc-chain and node-arc formulations of the problem are derived using only the Kuhn-Tucker conditions for convex programs. This has the advantage of being more familiar to most readers than the conjugate function presentation which has been used elsewhere.     

桥梁抗震设计中的地震力计算

结合实际工程算例,针对《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》中规则桥梁地震力计算的两种方法进行分析,探讨其特点和适用性。     

桥面铺装层的室内试验研究及理论分析

以结构层之间的抗剪强度为主要评价指标,对铺装结构层进行系统的试验,运用ANSYS10.0有限元软件,建立典型的水泥混凝土桥面铺装结构的试验试件模型,对试验试件模型进行力学分析,得出层间应力的规律,并和试验研究的结果进行比较,在实践和理论的基础上进行相互验证。     

The construction and use of continuous autoregressive models for traffic indices

This article discusses the use of continuous autoregressive models to describe the behavior of traffic indices. From discretely sampled data, second-order differential equation models are constructed to represent dynamic traffic fluctuations as the response of a linear system to a stochastic forcing function. The results are compared to the more common M/G/∞ queueing model approach, and the analysis is demonstrated on time series of aircraft concentration in thirty-one enroute air traffic control sectors.     

桥梁下部结构加固主要工艺

结合京福高速K30+924通道桥维修加固工程,叙述了高压喷射灌浆法、粘贴碳纤维贴片法及钢板补强法的施工工艺。     

On the kinematics and quantum dynamics of traffic flow

The hydrodynamic model of traffic flow is presented and interpreted. Traffic dimensions are defined for the dynamic entities of flow and the behaviour of congestive and dispersive flow is discussed dependent on the value of the local traffic transfer number, R. The wave equation is one example of dispersive flow, where quantum numbers define the condition of free flow at the endpoints of the link. The Schrödinger equation is defined and applied to the study of the cyclic work journey and the problem of traffic lights as an harmonic oscillator.