Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

TLP型风力机的空气动力学影响及发电预测(英文)

This research proposes a new offshore wind energy generation system that uses a tension leg platform (TLP) and describes experiments performed on a TLP type wind turbine in both waves and wind. The following conclusions can be made from the results of this research. 1) In the case of coexisting wave-wind fields, the wind effect stabilizes the pitch motion. 2) The wind effect decreases vibration of the mooring lines when waves and wind coexist. In particular, the springing (2nd or 3rd order force) also decreases in this field. 3) It can be estimated that the reduction in the rate of generation of electrical power can be up to about 6% as a result of the heel angle. In addition, the annual amount of electricity generated was estimated along with the utilization factor based on the experimental results.     

应用GA,PSO,ACO算法进行水下自主运载器路径规划(英文)

In this paper,an underwater vehicle was modeled with six dimensional nonlinear equations of motion,controlled by DC motors in all degrees of freedom.Near-optimal trajectories in an energetic environment for underwater vehicles were computed using a numerical solution of a nonlinear optimal control problem(NOCP).An energy performance index as a cost function,which should be minimized,was defined.The resulting problem was a two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP).A genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and ant colony optimization(ACO) algorithms were applied to solve the resulting TPBVP.Applying an Euler-Lagrange equation to the NOCP,a conjugate gradient penalty method was also adopted to solve the TPBVP.The problem of energetic environments,involving some energy sources,was discussed.Some near-optimal paths were found using a GA,PSO,and ACO algorithms.Finally,the problem of collision avoidance in an energetic environment was also taken into account.     

声传输进结构-声腔耦合舱室空间的主动控制策略和机理研究(英文)

An analytical study was presented on active control of sound transmission into a vibro-acoustic enclosure comprising two flexible plates. Two types of actuators were used, i.e. acoustic actuator and distributed lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric (PZT) actuator instead of point force actuator. Using the modal acoustic transfer impedance-mobility matrices, the excitation and interaction in the coupled sound transmission system can be described with clear physical significance. With the control system designed to globally reduce the sound field, different control system configurations were considered, including the structural actuator on the incident plate, actuator on the receiving plate, acoustic actuator on the cavity, and their combinations. The effectiveness and performance of the control strategy corresponding to each system configuration were compared and discussed. The role and control mechanism of each type of actuator were of particular interest. It was shown that the incident plate actuator is effective in controlling the cavity-dominated modes and the structural modes dominated by the incident plate and receiving plate. Two main control mechanisms are involved in this control configuration, i.e., modal suppressing and modal rearrangement. For control system configuration with only acoustic actuator in the enclosure, the mechanism involved in this arrangement is purely modal suppression. Desirable placements of structural actuators in terms of total potential energy reduction were also discussed.     

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green's function and the crack-division technique.Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack.Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF) at the cavity's edge,the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor(DEDIF) at the crack tip.Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers,parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure.Finally,some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium.This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.     

质量比对于柔性圆柱体流激振动的影响（英文）

The effect of the mass ratio on the flow-induced vibration(FIV) of a flexible circular cylinder is experimentally investigated in a towing tank. A Tygon tube with outer and inner diameters of 7.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, was employed for the study. The tube was connected to a carriage and towed from rest to a steady speed up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water. Reynolds number based on the cylinder's outer diameter was 800–13,000, and the reduced velocity(velocity normalized by the cylinder's natural frequency and outer diameter) spanned from 2 to 25. When connected, the cylinder was elongated from 420 mm to 460 mm under an axial pre-tension of 11 N. Based on the cylinder's elongated length, the aspect ratio(ratio of the cylinder's length to outer diameter) was calculated as 58. Three mass ratios(ratio of the cylinder's structural mass to displaced fluid mass, m*) of 0.7, 1.0, and 3.4 were determined by filling the cylinder's interior with air, water, and alloy powder(nickel-chromium-boron matrix alloy), respectively. An optical method was adopted for response measurements. Multi-frequency vibrations were observed in both in-line(IL) and cross-flow(CF) responses; at high Reynolds number, vibration modes up to the 3rd one were identified in the CF response. The mode transition was found to occur at a lower reduced velocity for the highest tested mass ratio. The vibration amplitude and frequency were quantified and expressed with respect to the reduced velocity. A significant reduced vibration amplitude was found in the IL response with increasing mass ratios, and only initial and upper branches existed in the IL and CF response amplitudes. The normalized response frequencies were revealed to linearly increase with respect to the reduced velocity, and slopes for linear relations were found to be identical for the three cases tested.     

舰船刚性阻振质量复合托板隔振特性优化设计(英文)

In considering the theory of structural dynamic optimization design, a design method of the structural style of ship composite brace with rigid vibration isolation mass was studied. Two kinds of structural dynamic optimization formulations minimizing the vibration acceleration of the non-pressure hull on the restraining condition of the gross weight of the ship cabin were established: 1) dynamic optimization of the sectional dimensions of the rigid vibration isolation mass in the composite brace; 2) dynamic optimization of the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass. Through the optimization results, sectional dimensions and the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass with better performance in reducing vibration were gained, and some reference was provided for practical engineering designs as well as enrichment of the design method of a novel ship vibration-isolation brace.     

通过形状差异修正模式方法进行的损伤识别试验(英文)

An experimental program was undertaken to test the feasibility to detect the occurrence of structural damage using a modified mode shape difference technique. The vibration response of a steel beam fixed at one end and hinged at the other was obtained for the intact and damage conditions. Modal analysis was performed to extract the frequencies and mode shapes. The method shows a good potential in detection of occurrence and location of damage.     

集束塔式立管总体强度分析(英文)

Bundled hybrid offset riser (BHOR) global strength analysis, which is more complex than single line offset riser global strength analysis, was carried out in this paper. At first, the equivalent theory is used to deal with BHOR, and then its global strength in manifold cases was analyzed, along with the use of a three-dimensional nonlinear time domain finite element program. So the max bending stress, max circumferential stress, and max axial stress in the BHOR bundle main section (BMS) were obtained, and the values of these three stresses in each riser were obtained through the "stress distribution method". Finally, the Max Von Mises stress in each riser was given and a check was made whether or not they met the demand. This paper provides a reference for strength analysis of the bundled hybrid offset riser and some other bundled pipelines.     

基于舰船振动信号激励下压电智能梁振动主动控制

为研究舰船结构振动主动控制有效方法,采用线性二次型独立模态空间控制法设计控制器,对舰船振动信号激励下压电智能梁的振动进行主动控制。基于Hamilton原理建立压电智能结构的有限元模型,并利用精细积分法计算前3阶模态的位移响应。编制了相应的计算机程序,对舰船振动信号激励下梁结构的振动进行主动控制数值仿真。由仿真结果可见,控制可以有效地实现,为舰船结构振动主动控制提供理论基础。     

复合材料层合结构悬臂梁振动特性试验

以复合材料层合结构悬臂梁为研究对象，推导层合结构悬臂梁振动特性公式，计算层合梁的低阶固有频率。采用电测和光测两种试验方法，对复合材料层合结构悬臂梁的振动特性开展研究，并分析不同测试方法、传感器类型、测点数量、激励方式等对测试结果的影响。将理论与试验相结合，得到一种可应用于复合材料层合结构悬臂梁振动测试的试验方法。综合比较电测法与光测法中所有悬臂梁振动测试的试验方法，研究结果表明采用光纤式激光测振仪为优选。光纤式测振仪光学头与被测试件的垂直距离为0.5 m，采用锤击瞬态激励方式的采样时间为5 s，由该方法测量取得的悬臂梁振动试验数据误差最小。     

浮岛式波浪能压电发电装置的结构设计与应用

提出一种简单高效、制造方便的浮岛式波浪能压电发电装置,浮岛随波运动使压电陶瓷产生形变,获得的电能经整流后由并联的超级电容器存储并收集。该装置以多浮岛为运维载体,引入压电效应开发利用波浪能,具备能量输出稳定、能量密度更高、可构建发电网络等优势。试验结果表明,增加振动频率可有效提高压电发电设备的电流与效率。压电发电装置可取代或淘汰电池供电方式,适应复杂水文地质条件下的环境监测、气象预测、科考探察、军事监管等领域低功耗无线传感器设备自给式供电的应用需求。     

基于磁流变弹性体的船舶轴系纵振动力吸振器的实验研究

磁流变弹性体是一种新型的智能材料,由微米级的羰基铁粉和聚合物合成.由于它具有弹性模量可调、无需封装、稳定性好、响应快等优点,已被广泛应用于机械振动控制等领域.文中针对船舶推进轴系纵振动力学特性,提出一种固有频率可调的磁流变弹性体动力吸振器用于轴系纵振控制.首先理论分析了安装动力吸振器的推进轴系的动力学模型,其次对动力吸振器进行了移频特性试验,并在1:4的船舶轴系缩比模型上进行了变转速工况下吸振效果试验.实验结果表明,该吸振器具有12.3 Hz的移频范围,并且在不同轴系工作转速下相比于被动式吸振器均有更好的吸振效果.     

用粘弹性梁控制加筋板稳态简谐响应的研究

应用模态叠加法研究了以粘弹性梁为阻尼处理的加筋板的稳态简谐响应。在分析中，板和梁均采用每个结点三个自由度的有限元，考虑了梁的偏心作用。以结构幅频特性曲线的方式来研究粘弹性梁阻尼处理对结构响应的控制作用，分析了阻尼材料杨氏模量实部、损耗因子和粘弹性梁剖面尺寸对结构响应的影响。结果表明，粘弹性材料能够有效地控制结构的共振响应。粘弹性梁阻尼处理仅对某些结点和模态起的作用较大，将其与其他阻尼敷设形式合理配置，相信会起到良好的减振效果。     

船舶智能结构压电分析Patran/Nastran开发及应用

针对船舶智能结构控制的需要,对大型通用软件Patran/Nastran进行了二次功能开发,实现了该结构分析软件的压电分析功能,并进行了船舶智能结构的振动控制研究.利用层合板湿热本构方程和压电本构方程的相似性,基于通用有限元软件Patran/Nastran中的湿热分析功能,利用Patran Command Language(PCL)语言,进行软件二次开发,在Patran/Nastran软件中开发了压电结构分析功能,并建立了方便友好的压电结构分析用户界面.应用所开发的功能,进行了船舶压电智能结构静力学分析的研究,并用算例验证了其可行性.从本文的算例中可以看出,无论是采用体单元还是壳单元对模型进行有限元网格划分,所开发的压电分析功能均能很好实现.本文研究成果可为船舶智能结构研究提供分析工具和理论参考价值.     

应用空间有限元模型进行船舶总振动特性的研究

本文以17500吨货船“海建”号为实例研究应用空间有限元模型计算船舶总振动的方法。对于实际船舶结构中的板,提出用平面应力元简化,以减少计算自由度数,由此产生的问题采用节点主从关系的方法解决。在编制的计算程序中,根据质量矩阵高度稀疏的特点,采用了稀疏存储技术,从而使船舶整体空间模型的振动分析能在国产中小型机器上实现。实例计算结果和测量结果的比较表明,这种计算模型合理、可靠。本文还对船舶总振动计算的梁模型、平面有限元模型、空间有限元模型作了比较和讨论。     

三类边界条件下隔水套管涡激非线性振动的分析研究

考虑流及波流联合作用,研究了套管的涡激非线性振动.将套管简化为梁模型,考虑3类不同的边界条件,计及莫里森非线性流体动力和涡激荷载,建立套管的涡激振动方程.应用克雷洛夫函数求解套管的固有频率和模态,采用了计算涡激非线性动力响应的迦辽金方法.以东海勘探3号钻井隔水套管为例,研究了不同边界条件下流引起的主共振和波流联合引起的组合共振.计算结果表明:流对套管的动力响应占主导地位,而波的影响不大.分析了3类不同边界条件下隔水套管的涡激非线性动力响应,揭示了波流联合激励下套管复杂的动力响应特性.     

基于声振耦合理论的压电智能板结构水下声辐射控制研究(英文)

对水下结构声辐射压电控制的压电片布置问题进行了深入的理论和数值分析.首先基于声振耦合理论,对低频段声辐射板的压电传感器和作动器的布置做了定性的分析,给出了声辐射功率与结构模态比和模态积之间的关系式.其次基于有限元/边界元数值计算方法,对所提出的压电片布置方案进行了辐射声场控制的定量计算.通过计算比较可以看出,基于声振耦合理论的压电片布置方案在低频段所得到的多阶模态控制效果,优于基于振动模态应变贴片理论控制方法所得到的控制效果,可以用来进行流体加载板结构声辐射控制的设计和预测.     

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green＇s function and the crack-division technique. Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack. Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor （DSCF） at the cavity＇s edge, the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor （DEDIF） at the crack tip. Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers, parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure. Finally, some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium. This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.