GnRH相关肽的研究进展

<正> 应用重组DNA技术.已发现人和大鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的前体蛋白均由92个氨基酸残基组成。前GnRH原(preproGnRH)的N端为23个氨基酸的信号肽;之后紧接十肽GnRH;再后为Gly-Lys—Arg酶加工剪切部位;此酶     

EDS诱导小鼠睾丸间质细胞TM3凋亡中NDRG2的表达及意义

目的探讨N-myc下游调节基因2(N-myc downstream regulated gene 2,NDRG2)是否参与睾丸间质细胞的凋亡。方法选用小鼠睾丸间质细胞系TM3作为实验对象,建立体外的1,2-二甲磺酸乙烷(EDS)诱导睾丸间质细胞凋亡模型。用含有500、750μg/mL EDS的培养基刺激TM3细胞,以Western blot、Real-time PCR、流式细胞术等方法检测TM3细胞凋亡及NDRG2的表达变化。结果随EDS浓度增高,诱导小鼠睾丸间质细胞发生凋亡的比率升高,并且在EDS诱导的小鼠睾丸间质细胞中,NDRG2的表达较对照组呈现剂量依赖性增高。结论 NDRG2可能参与到睾丸间质细胞的凋亡。     

大鼠和小鼠脑内的GnRH神经元及其纤维通路——免疫组织化学研究

本文应用ABC免疫酶染色技术,观察了大鼠和小鼠脑内GnRH神经元及其纤维的分布。结果发现90%以上的GnRH神经元胞体集中于终板血管器附近的斜角带一视前内侧区,并向头背侧延至内侧隔核,向尾外侧伸到视上核区。内侧基底下丘脑区未见阳性胞体。GnRH纤维经室周和外侧束终止于正中隆起:在头端存在于其全层和全宽,向后渐分成两束,集中于正中隆起外侧部。对啮齿类与灵长类GnRH系统的差异及其在生殖中的意义进行了讨论。     

雄激素受体在大鼠睾丸发育过程中的表达及雄激素对其表达的调节作用

目的　研究发育不同阶段及二甲磺酸乙烷 (EDS)干预的雄性SD大鼠睾丸内雄激素受体 (Androgenreceptor,AR)的分布、发育模式及雄激素调控。 方法　采用免疫组织化学ABC法 ,并应用图像分析测定AR的视物平均光密度 ,以其表示核内AR相对含量。结果　特异性AR免疫染色见于睾丸间质细胞、肌样细胞、支持细胞、精原细胞、血管壁平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞。间质细胞中AR相对含量随大鼠年龄而变化 :2 1d龄居中 ,35d龄最高 ,90～ 1 2 0d龄最低 ,各组间均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 )。肌样细胞在 3个年龄组大鼠均有很强的AR表达。应用EDS消除成年大鼠内源性睾酮后 ,睾丸内所有AR阳性细胞的免疫染色均显著减弱 ,外源性睾酮替代治疗后免疫染色程度可恢复至对照组水平。结论　雄激素可促进青春期大鼠间质细胞的功能与分化 ;肌样细胞在精子发生过程中有重要作用 ;睾丸内AR的表达受内源性睾酮的调控。     

GnRH-a在多囊卵巢综合征诱导排卵中的应用

报道3例多爱卵巢综合征（polycysticovarysyndrome，PCOS）患者用克罗米酚（clomiphenecitrate，CC）及人绝经期促性腺激素（humanmenopausalgonadotropin，hMG）促排卵失败，而采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotropinreleasinghormoneagonist，GnRH－a）长期脱敏万案。达到垂体抑制后联合用hMG-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）促排卵。3例患者各治疗1周期，2例妊娠，1例继续治疗。结果表明：对传统的hMG促排卵疗法无效的PCOS患者，选用GnRH－a联合hMG可获得较好效果；采用GnRH－a长期脱敏万案可减轻卵巢过度刺激综合征（ovarianhyperstimulationsyndrome，OHSS）的发生，减少治疗作废率；但是PCOS患者需用较长时间的GnRH－a才能达到垂体抑制；用GnRH－a＋hMG＋hCG诱导排卵后可出现黄体功能不足，应给hCG或孕酮支持黄体。     

GnRH-a在多囊卵巢综合征诱导排卵中的应用

报道3例多爱卵巢综合征（polycysticovarysyndrome，PCOS）患者用克罗米酚（clomiphenecitrate，CC）及人绝经期促性腺激素（humanmenopausalgonadotropin，hMG）促排卵失败，而采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotropinreleasinghormoneagonist，GnRH－a）长期脱敏万案。达到垂体抑制后联合用hMG-人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）促排卵。3例患者各治疗1周期，2例妊娠，1例继续治疗。结果表明：对传统的hMG促排卵疗法无效的PCOS患者，选用GnRH－a联合hMG可获得较好效果；采用GnRH－a长期脱敏万案可减轻卵巢过度刺激综合征（ovarianhyperstimulationsyndrome，OHSS）的发生，减少治疗作废率；但是PCOS患者需用较长时间的GnRH－a才能达到垂体抑制；用GnRH－a＋hMG＋hCG诱导排卵后可出现黄体功能不足，应给hCG或孕酮支持黄体。     

GnRH和TRH刺激试验在诊断与鉴别多囊卵巢综合征中的应用

由临床表现、基础生殖激素测定及阴道超声，虽可对大多数多囊卵巢综合征（Polycysticovariansyndrome，PCOS）患者做出正确诊断，但部分病例仍有困难。为解决这一问题，对7例泌乳素（prolactin，PRL）水平升高的PCOS患者（HP－PCOS），12例PRL水平正常的PCOS患者（NPRL－PCOS），7例单纯PRL水平升高患者（HP）及10例正常妇女进行GnRH和TRH刺激试验。结果：刺激试验前，4组基础LH／FSH比值无显著性差异；刺激试验后，两组PCOS妇女峰值时LH／FSH比值显著高于HP及对照组，而HP－PCOS与HP组的PRL反应无差别。提示：GnRH和TRH刺激试验有助于PCOS的确诊及鉴别。     

从OLS的发现和进展看科学思维在科学发展中的作用

<正> 内源性鸦片样物质(Opiate—like substamce.OLS)或称类吗啡样因子(Morphine-like foctor.MLF)是甲硫氨酸—腓肽、亮氨酸—腓肽、β—内腓肽、β—内腓肽、γ—内腓肽、垂体吗啡样物质和非肽类吗啡样物质的总称。除非肽类吗啡样物质以外,前六种物     

甲醛急性染毒对性成熟期雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素及睾丸间质细胞结构及功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量甲醛急性染毒后对雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素及睾丸间质细胞结构和功能的影响。方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为甲醛染毒高[10mg/(kg.d)]、中[1mg/(kg.d)]、低[0.1mg/(kg.d)]剂量组和对照组(注射生理盐水)4组,每组12只。腹腔注射染毒7d后,进行精子质量检测,放免法测血清激素,制备睾丸组织标本,光镜下观察睾丸组织形态,并进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,各剂量甲醛染毒组的精子数量、活动率显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.001),而精子畸形率显著升高(P<0.001);甲醛染毒剂量与血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平呈显著正相关(r=0.709,P<0.05;r=0.622,P<0.05),与血清睾酮(T)水平则呈显著负相关(r=-0.762,P<0.05);光镜下中、高剂量甲醛染毒组大鼠睾丸组织部分间质萎缩,间质细胞水肿,数量减少,并且间质细胞呈退化趋势。结论一定剂量的甲醛急性染毒对雄性大鼠精子质量、血清性激素水平、间质细胞的结构及功能都造成了明显的损伤,这也是甲醛具有生殖毒性的重要原因之一。     

3例嵌合型Turner综合征的分子遗传学分析

3例嵌合型Turner综合征,除45,X细胞系外,还含有第二个细胞群46,X+mar。PCR分析证实,标记染色体为异常Y染色体,对此异常Y染色体进一步研究表明,存在睾丸决定因子(TDF)基因SRY,而Y长臂末端高度串联重复序列DYZ1发生了缺失。本文还讨论了该病的分子病因和人类性别决定机制。     

THE CLONING OF HUMAN NEUROTROPHIN-3 GENE

Ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ－３（ＮＴ－３）ｉｓａｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｎｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ〔１〕．Ｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｏｆｈｕｍａｎｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ－３（ｈＮＴ－３）ｉｓｌｏｃａ...     

Eukaryotic expression and biological activity analysis of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin

Objective To investigate the expression of neuroprotective peptide [Gly14]-Humanin (HNG) in eukaryotic cells by gene engineering technique and analyze its biological activity. Methods By means of asymmetrical primer/template, double stranded cDNA of HNG with FLAG in its C-terminal was obtained, which was cloned into the plasmid pcDNA3.1(-), and the resultant recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was transfected into PC12 cells. At the same time, the recombinant vector pcDNA3.1(-)/EGFP was transfected to control the efficiency of transfection. The expression of HNG in the cells was determined by immunocytochemistry. In order to analyze the biological activity of the expressed HNG, 25μM Aβ25-35 peptide was added to the culture medium of the transfected cells for 24h, then cell morphology, MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining were observed. Results The eukaryotic expression vector of pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG was identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. HNG was highly expressed in PC12 cells. After exposure of PC12 cells to 25μM Aβ25-35 for 24h, cell viability decreased to (65.8±5.3)%, and the dystrophic changes of neuritis and nuclei condensation were obvious. When cells were pre-transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)/HNG-FLAG, Aβ25-35-induced cell death and morphological changes of cells and nuclei were suppressed. In contrast, pre-transfected with empty vector did not protect cells from Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. Conclusion The eukaryotic expression vector for FLAG-tagged HNG was successfully constructed and expressed in PC12 cells. Expressed HNG has biological activity.     

鞍区显微外科解剖

选用40例成人尸头标本,在手术显微镜下对鞍区周围结构进行了观察。为经额和经蝶两种垂体手术径路提供了有关解剖学依据。主要结果如下:1.视交叉位置,82.5%属正常型,7.5%属后置型,均为经额径路的适应型。但前置型(10%)则不适应于经额径路施术;2.测量了两侧视神经颅内段内侧缘间距及夹角。间距及夹角越小,经额径路越难施行;3.两侧颈内动脉间距以平前床突平面处最窄;4.观察了各海绵间窦。出现率基底窦为100%,前间窦为75%,下间窦为40%后间窦为33.3%。在前、下间窦较大的个体施行经蝶径路可能出现困难。     

FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS OFTHE RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY RESPONDED TO ANGIOTENSIN Ⅱ BY INCREASING INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION

Objective The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) respond to angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ by increasing intracellular free concentration ([]i) ,and where the o-rigin of mobilization is if that has occurred. Methods Pituitary cells in primary culture were prepared from male Wister rats(250g) by a conventional method and cultured in MEM supplemented with 4％ normal rat serum. Af-ter 2 days in culutre,cells were loaded with 1 μmol/L fura-PE3/AM for 1 h and subjected to a ment with Quanti Cell 700 system. Excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm were selected by means of a computer-controlled filterwheel. Results The of FSC in the rat anterior pituitary was elevated by Ang Ⅱ. The eleva-tion of of FSC induced by 0. 1,1.0,10 and 100 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was (56.33±6.18), (117.07± 36.07), (175.59 ± 40.01 ) and (216.02 ±11.52) nmol/L, respectively. The increase of of FSC induced by 100nmol/L Ang Ⅱ was not influenced by the medium without (0Ca),but significantly suppressed by thapsigargin (TG),an inhibitor of ATPase. The rate of responsive FSC to Ang Ⅱ (100 nmol/L) was 61.84％ which was obviously higher than that of pituitary endocrine cells (43.49％). Conclusion The present experiment demonstrates that the FSC in the rat anterior pituitary responds to Ang Ⅱ by increasing [which raises the possibility that Ang Ⅱ re-leased from either lactotrophs or gonadotrophs affects FSC through paracrine mechanism. The elevation of [induced by Ang Ⅱ presents a dosage-dependent relation, and is possibly because of the release of from an intra-cellular pool (s). Fashions of release are relative to the concentration of Ang Ⅱ. The results indicate that Ang Ⅱ functions as a paracrine factor among pituitary cells including FSC.     

DYNAMICAL OBSERVATION OF CARDIO-FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST MITOCHONDRIA AND PEPTIDE IN RATS

Autoantibodiesagainst-theadeninenecleotidetranslocator(ANT)mightplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofviralmyocarditis(VMC)andidiopathicdilatedcardiomyopathy(DCM)tl].ThebestwaytodescribethepathogenesisofantiANT-antibodiesistoimmuneanimalswithANT.However,difficultiesinthepreparationandstorageofnativeANTproteinsinfluencedfurtherinvestigation.Recently,accordingtotheaminoacidsequencesanddistributionofantigenicdeterminantsofANT,wesynthesizedapeptidecontaining'oneoftheantigenicdeterminantsof…     

精神分裂症患者性激素分泌变异的研究

为研究精神分裂症患者垂体促性腺激素及外周性激素的功能状态 ,探讨性激素水平改变与性有关症状和药物治疗的关系 ,采用放射免疫法测定 35例精神分裂症患者血清促卵泡激素 ( FSH)、黄体生成素 ( L H)、催乳素 ( PRL)、睾丸酮 ( T)、雌二醇 ( E2 )等激素水平 ,并与 2 0例正常人比较。结果显示 ,试验组中男性 E2 和女性FSH、LH水平显著低于对照组 ,男、女性 PRL水平显著高于对照组。按性有关症状的有、无分为两组 ,两组间性激素水平无显著性差异。药物治疗前、后男性 PRL、E2 改善明显 ,女性 FSH、PRL、T和 E2 改变非常显著。奋乃静、舒必利可致明显的高 PRL血症 ,但氯氮平无明显影响。提示精神分裂症患者性腺轴存在功能失调。性有关症状与性激素水平改变无关。抗精神病药物治疗可导致性激素分泌紊乱。     

某实船轴系负荷校中分析

依据中国船级社规范以及轴系安装工艺的要求,某实例船轴系校中采用轴承合理负荷方法。本文简要阐述了负荷校中过程,根据轴系计算书,对轴系进行安装调整,用计算的GAP和SAG值进行预对中,再用液压千斤顶进行顶举试验来检验轴承的实际负荷,以核实轴承反力符合要求。     

���ڷɻ������ͺĵ���Ŧ������λ�����о�

机位的高效、合理安排是机场地面作业中的一项重要任务,也是机场运行组织的重要组成部分. 本文在考虑跑道使用方向的基础上,研究如何利用优化机位分配来减少飞机滑行距离,从而达到降低滑行油耗的目的. 通过对首都国际机场滑行油耗分析,本文建立了机位分配混合整数规划模型,利用现代优化算法——禁忌搜索算法对该问题进行求解, 并用实例验证了模型和算法的有效性. 实证分析结果具有一定的理论价值和实际意义.