优化高速公路景观设计推动“通道森林”工程建设

文章基于对重庆高速公路景观绿化现状的分析,结合当前建设高速公路“森林工程”要求,介绍了重庆高速公路景观设计应遵循的原则和高速公路两侧边坡、中央分隔带以及立交等处的景观绿化设计要点。     

广西高速公路绿化设计和植物配置的优化模式

文章根据广西高速公路绿化设计和植物配置的基本原则,提出了针对性的高速公路中央分隔带、路堤及路堑边坡绿化设计和植物配置优化模式,并对该模式的具体内容进行了介绍。     

公路景观设计中的绿化栽植

从公路景观设计角度介绍目前针对高速公路中央分隔带、互通区和边坡等部位的绿化栽植,重点介绍中央分隔带采用攀藤植物进行绿化的方案和生态绿化在边坡绿化栽植中的应用.     

广西高速公路绿化植物优化配置研究

文章基于广西高速公路绿化植物配置的现状及存在的问题,阐述了高速公路绿化植物配置的基本原则,并针对中央分隔带、路堤与路堑边坡、互通式立体交叉区、服务区、路侧台地及取弃土场的功能特点和绿化要求,提出了适宜的高速公路绿化植物优化配置模式。     

胶东地区高速公路中央分隔带的绿化管理

根据多年从事高速公路养护管理的经验,针对高速公路中央分隔带绿化特点提出几点建议.     

公路中央分隔带开口研究

高速公路及一级公路整体式路基一般都设有中央分隔带,以保证双向行驶的车辆不互相进入反方向行车道,但在有需要的时候,车辆需要通过中央分隔带开口到反向车道行驶。本文对中央分隔带开口设置原则、开口位置、开口长度及开口护栏等进行了研究,为设计人员提供一定参考。     

山区高速公路景观绿化设计探讨

绿化是山区高速公路设施的有机组成部分,是实现公路与环境和谐统一的重要手段。文章以清连高速公路工程为依托,阐述了景观绿化设计在山区高速公路建设中的意义及原则,研究探讨了景观绿化的设计内容及后期管护,为山区高速公路的景观绿化工作提供参考。     

广西高速公路景观绿化设计探讨

高速公路建设必须结合区域的特点才能最大限度地发挥作用,同时要做好景观绿化工作。文章以广西高速公路景观绿化设计为例,结合广西高速公路景观绿化的实际经验,对广西特色化的高速公路景观绿化设计进行探讨。     

高速公路服务区景观绿化工程设计研究

服务区景观绿化工程是高速公路建设施工的重要子系统.文章通过开展高速公路服务区景观绿化工程设计研究,明确了高速公路服务区景观绿化工程设计原则,提出了服务区填方与挖方边坡景观设计和服务区房建绿化设计要求,介绍了拟采服务区绿化用植物配置方案,为现有高速公路绿化养管以及未来高速公路整体的绿色施工建设提供参考依据.     

高速公路生态景观规划设计技术研究

从环境敏感区域高速公路生态景观规划设计的角度出发,根据高速公路生态景观的特点,以江西省景婺黄高速公路的生态景观绿化工程为例,分析了景婺黄高速公路沿线的气候、地形地貌、地理环境特点和地域特征;从植物学、生态学及环境美学的角度,对景婺黄高速公路的中央隔离带、路堑边坡、互通立交以及路肩等功能类型的绿化区域,进行了科学的分析,阐述了不同立地类型绿化设计的指导思想和设计特色,力求通过精心设计、合理布局和科学配置,实现景婺黄高速公路绿化与公路主体和谐统一,取得明显的景观和生态效果。     

公路网规划环境影响评价内容、程序和方法体系研究

在总结研究目前国内已有公路网规划环境影响评价工作的基础上,根据规划环境评价的目标要求和公路网规划的实际,提出了包括内容、程序和方法等的公路网规划环境影响评价体系,提高现有公路网规划环境评价能力和未来公路网规划环境评价质量。     

Walking,cycling and the urban form: A Heckman selection model of active travel mode and distance by young adolescents

Physical inactivity of children and adolescents is a major public health challenge of the modern era but, when adequately promoted and nurtured, active travel offers immediate health benefits and forms future sustainable and healthy travel habits. This study explores jointly the choice and the extent of active travel of young adolescents while considering walking and cycling as distinct travel forms, controlling for objective urban form measures, and taking both a “street-buffer” looking at the immediate home surroundings and a “transport-zone” looking at wider neighborhoods. A Heckman selection model represents the distance covered while cycling (walking) given the mode choice being bicycle (walk) for a representative sample of 10–15 year-olds from the Capital Region of Denmark extracted from the Danish national travel survey. Results illustrate the necessity of different urban environments for walking and cycling, as the former relates to “street-buffer” urban form measures and the latter also to “transport-zone ” ones. Results also show that lessening the amount and the density of car traffic, diminishing the movement of heavy vehicles in local streets, reducing the conflict points with the density of intersections, and intervening on crash frequency and severity, would increase the probability and the amount of active travel by young adolescents. Last, results indicate that zones in rural areas and at a higher percentage of immigrants are likely to have lower probability and amount of active travel by young adolescents.     

The role of public authorities

Advances in information technology and telecommunications are opening up the possibility of transforming the capture, application and dissemination of information on transport operations and road traffic, at the same time as growing congestion makes accurate and timely information more valuable than ever to users and managers. Because of open access to road networks, public authorities are bound to intervene in the field of travel information: in the provision of infrastructure, the handling of the information, the licensing of services, and the regulation of users affecting safety or social well-being. The paper discusses these rôles and the levels at which they may be exercised, with particular reference to standardisation issues in Europe and internationally.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

分形理论在油气储运工程中的应用综述

介绍了分形理论的基本思想。综述了分形理论在油气储运工程中多个领域（如油气水多相流流型识别、管道腐蚀评定、管道粗糙表面的分形模拟、管道疲劳裂纹分形研究等方面）的应用和研究成果,并提出了需要深入研究和完善的5个方面。     

交通运输能耗与排放统计监测平台及应用研究

在我国交通运输行业节能减排的背景下,本文以交通运输行业能耗特点与统计监测方法为基础,建立涵盖了公路客运、公路货运、城市公交、城市出租、水路运输、港口生产等行业的能耗碳排统计监测系统,分析了省级交通运输能耗与排放特点,明确了能耗数据统计对象与内容,并对能耗数据采集的方法进行了研究,建立了省级交通运输能耗统计监测系统,并以辽宁省交通运输为依托,对全省交通运输行业能耗统计监测系统进行了验证与应用,同时也为交通运输行业的节能减排提供了决策支撑和数据支持。     

A new approach for modeling of Fundamental Diagrams

According to the intra-vehicle interaction, a traffic flow can generally be divided into three homogeneous states (1) that of free driving, (2) that of bunched driving, and (3) that of standing. The parameter describing the state of free driving is the desired speed, for the state of bunching it is the intra-vehicle gaps (time headway) within the convoy and the mean speed of the convoy, and for the state of standing it is the maximum jam density. These are the most essential parameters which do not depend on the actual traffic situation.This paper introduces a new model which considers the Fundamental Diagram (equilibrium speed–flow–density relationship) as a function of the homogeneous states. All traffic situations in reality can be considered as combinations of the homogeneous states and therefore can be described by the essential parameters mentioned above. The non-congested (fluid) traffic is a combination (superposition) of the states of free driving and bunched driving, the congested (jam, stop, and go) traffic is a combination of the states of bunched driving (go) and standing (stop). The contribution of the traffic states within the differently congested traffic situations can then be easily obtained from the queuing and probability theory. As a result, Fundamental Diagram in all equilibrium traffic situations is derived as simple functions of the essential parameters.According to the new model the capacity of freeways and rural highways can be determined by measuring the essential parameters. This is much easier than measuring the capacity directly.Furthermore, the probabilities of the various traffic states can be obtained from the new model. This leads to new possibilities in real-time controlling and telematics.The new model is verified by comprehensive measurements carried out on freeways and rural highways in Germany.     

飞机轮迹横向分布测试系统的比选分析

文章介绍了国外机场相关轮迹横向分布测试系统,以及国内公路轮迹横向分布测试方法,通过分析各个测试系统的技术原理与系统自身的优缺点,并结合具体工程实例应用,综合考虑国内机场安全及运行管理要求,选取出一套最便捷、合适的机场跑道轮迹横向分布测试系统,为我国机场飞机轮迹横向分布数据收集提供参考。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。