内部摆式波能转换装置的水动力特性分析

文中基于势流理论分别建立了内部摆式波浪能量转换装置的频域和时域分析模型。文中模型可以求解装置运动过程和能量俘获效率。应用频域分析模型,开展了活塞阻尼、活塞刚度、线性系泊刚度和波浪频率对俘获能量影响的系统研究,给出了波能转换装置的最优参数范围。对于满足线性约束下的小幅度运动装置,开展了时域模型和频域模型的对比计算研究。通过对比时域模型和频域模型的运动幅值计算结果,验证了两模型的一致性和正确性。     

多自由度轴对称型波能转换装置水动力性能研究

提出了由垂直轴对称浮体和铰接动力输出(PTO)管组成的多自由度波能转换装置,垂向动力输出机构安装在PTO管内,在波浪作用下浮体可沿PTO管滑动.应用线性势流理论建立该波能转换装置的水动力分析模型,并简化为浮体垂荡、浮体及PTO管相对于铰接点的纵摇和横摇3个单自由度运动方程.为了验证计算模型的正确性,在随浪工况下将各单自...     

共轴双柱式波能装置水动力及能量转换特性研究

为解决波能转换装置向深水环境推进过程中存在的系统稳定性和能量转换效率问题,借鉴海洋工程中常用的稳性辅助构件形式,在现有的点吸式波能装置基础上引入阻尼板.基于线性微幅波假设,通过特征函数展开和边界匹配的势流半解析方法,结合多自由度振动理论,探索阻尼板的存在及其构型参数变化对获能系统水动力、运动响应及能量转换效率的影响.计算结果表明,阻尼板会降低浮子受到的波浪激励力,阻尼板与浮子间的相互作用水动力大于浮子自身运动受到的水动力,且主要体现在惯性载荷部分;阻尼板会使系统出现两个耦合共振频率,且新出现的共振频率对阻尼板半径更加敏感,在较小共振频率处的最优波能转换效率均随着阻尼板半径和浸没深度增加先增大后减小.研究结果可为深水波浪能利用的工程应用提供理论基础,为后续振荡浮子波浪能发电装置优化提供依据.     

半潜船运动的新理论计算方法

本文从分析三向度轴对称断面柱状体的水动力出发,计入了非线性的粘性影响,导出了半潜船在规则波中的运动方程和各项水动力系数和波浪扰动力的数学表达式。在将粘性影响线性处理后,采用迭代法求解半潜船在规则波中的运动幅值和相位角。 根据半潜船的运动特性,本文在线性统计分析理论的基础上提出了以相当波高计算非线性系统传递函数的概念,并以条件概率和概率转换的方法计算运动的长期统计分布特性。 该理论计算方法已编制成电算程序。试验结果和计算值相当吻合。     

海蛇式波能转换装置发电功率参数的数值模拟研究

本文基于三维线性势流理论以及铰接多浮体运动方程,研究了海蛇式波能转换装置各个铰链处的相对转角,从而得到整个装置产生的总发电功率。本文首先研究了铰接刚度以及铰接阻尼对于总功率的影响,然后研究了装置吃水深度对于总功率的影响,最后分析得到本文模型的最优参数取值。     

月池对振荡浮子式波能装置转换效率的影响

为了提高波能装置转化效率,提出了一种新的基于月池结构的振荡波能装置模型.基于势流理论,建立了振动浮体的一维频域运动方程,根据振动特性,分析了最佳弹簧刚度系数及最优输出阻尼,得到了波能装置最优效率表达式.结合复杂流场边界条件,基于特征函数展开匹配法,研究了各子域的速度势函数表达式,得到了振荡浮子的附加质量、阻尼系数及波浪激励力的表达式.为了得到月池结构对转换效率的作用并消除尖端共振带来的影响,计算了振荡圆盘在有无月池结构下的转换效率比.数值结果表明:在有效频率范围内,月池对振荡浮子获能效率有较大的提升作用;增大月池外部半径或减小内部半径时,装置低频部分有效频率范围增大,而高频部分有效频率范围上下限均发生变动.     

超大型浮体结构考虑非线性项的波浪力响应计算

为求解超大型浮体结构波浪响应问题,将其简化成弹性梁板模型。以有限元软件为基础来建立超大型浮体结构的弹性梁板模型,在势流理论的基础上,将速度势分解为入射势、绕射势和辐射势三部分,并利用格林函数法推导出一阶、二阶波浪速度势的表达式。以此为理论基础,编制了相应的计算程序来计算浮体结构所受到的二阶波浪力,最后建立了梁板模型的水弹性响应方程,对非线性波浪力作用下的浮体结构的水弹性响应进行求解分析,并分析了波向对响应振幅的影响。     

8000kW救助船规则波下的运动与波浪载荷预报

随着数值计算技术的发展,船舶运动与波浪载荷预报精度也在不断提高。介绍了三维势流理论方法在规则波上船舶运动与波浪载荷预报中的应用,以8 000 k W救助船为例,预报了其运动与波浪载荷。通过应用三维势流理论,可以为船舶耐波性评估和结构设计提供依据。     

海上浮式结构物的水动力仿真研究

基于粘性计算流体力学的方法建立三维数值波浪水池,模拟有限振幅波的传播,并计算三维球体在规则波环境下所受的波浪力。采用两相不可压的RANS方程求解非定常不可压缩粘性流体,并采用流体体积函数(VOF)法对自由面进行动态模拟。通过编写用户自定义函数(UDF)设置边界入口速度和波高,实现在波浪水池尾部1~2倍波长区域消波,最终求出有限振幅波的模拟结果以及规则波中三维球体所受的波浪力,该结果与势流理论边界元法得到的结果在趋势上吻合良好。该研究方法为模拟分析其他海洋结构物在波浪中的水动力奠定基础,丰富与扩展了数值波浪水池的应用。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模DTMB5512为对象,采用WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明:利用WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

双浮体波浪能装置的振荡和能量转换特性研究（英文）

In this study, we investigated the hydrodynamic and energy conversion performance of a double-float wave energy converter(WEC) based on the linear theory of water waves. The generator power take-off(PTO) system is modeled as a combination of a linear viscous damping and a linear spring. Using the frequency domain method, the optimal damping coefficient of the generator PTO system is derived to achieve the optimal conversion efficiency(capture width ratio).Based on the potential flow theory and the higher-order boundary element method(HOBEM), we constructed a threedimensional model of double-float WEC to study its hydrodynamic performance and response in the time domain. Only the heave motion of the two-body system is considered and a virtual function is introduced to decouple the motions of the floats. The energy conversion character of the double-float WEC is also evaluated. The investigation is carried out over a wide range of incident wave frequency. By analyzing the effects of the incident wave frequency, we derive the PTO's damping coefficient for the double-float WEC's capture width ratio and the relationships between the capture width ratio and the natural frequencies of the lower and upper floats. In addition, it is capable to modify the natural frequencies of the two floats by changing the stiffness coefficients of the PTO and mooring systems. We found that the natural frequencies of the device can directly influence the peak frequency of the capture width, which may provide an important reference for the design of WECs.     

基于Star-CCM+的摆式波浪能装置水动力性能研究（英文）

A two-dimensional numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) model is established on the basis of viscous CFD theory to investigate the motion response and power absorption performance of a bottom-hinged flap-type wave energy converter(WEC)under regular wave conditions. The convergence study of mesh size and time step is performed to ensure that wave height and motion response are sufficiently accurate. Wave height results reveal that the attenuation of wave height along the wave tank is less than 5% only if the suitable mesh size and time step are selected. The model proposed in this work is verified against published experimental and numerical models. The effects of mechanical damping, wave height, wave frequency, and water depth on the motion response, power generation, and energy conversion efficiency of the flap-type WEC are investigated. The selection of the appropriate mechanical damping of the WEC is crucial for the optimal extraction of wave power. The optimal mechanical damping can be readily predicted by using potential flow theory. It can then be verified by applying CFD numerical results. In addition, the motion response and the energy conversion efficiency of the WEC decrease as the incident wave height increases because the strengthened nonlinear effect of waves intensifies energy loss. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency of the WEC decreases with increasing water depth and remains constant as the water depth reaches a critical value. Therefore, the selection of the optimal parameters during the design process is necessary to ensure that the WEC exhibits the maximum energy conversion efficiency.     

双重卡口机构对波浪能转换器性能的影响评估（英文）

Lower efficiencies induce higher energy costs and pose a barrier to wave energy devices' commercial applications.Therefore,the efficiency enhancement of wave energy converters has received much attention in recent decades.The reported research presents the double snap-through mechanism applied to a hemispheric point absorber type wave energy converter(WEC) to improve the energy absorption perfomance.The double snap-through mechanism comprises four oblique springs mounted in an X-configuration.This provides the WEC with different dynamic stability behaviors depending on the particular geometric and physical parameters employed.The efficiency of these different WEC behaviors(linear,bistable,and tristable) was initially evaluated under the action of regular waves.The results for bistable or tristable responses indicated significant improvements in the WEC' s energy capture efficiency.Furthermore,the WEC frequency bandwidth was shown to be significantly enlarged when the tristable mode was in operation.However,the corresponding tristable trajectory showed intra-well behavior in the middle potential well,which induced a more severe low-energy absorption when a small wave amplitude acted on the WEC compared to when the bistable WEC was employed.Nevertheless,positive effects were observed when appropriate initial conditions were imposed.The results also showed that for bistable or tristable responses,a suitable spring stiffness may cause the buoy to oscillate in high energy modes.     

岸基船用变频供电系统谐波抑制方法研究

由变频器产生的谐波问题在岸基船用变频供电系统中日益突出。通过对变频器输入电流的谐波分析,提出多相整流的谐波抑制方案,并在电源端或负载端接入无源电力滤波器,实现电力系统稳态下的电力谐波抑制或补偿。岸基船用变频供电系统实际应用效果良好,有很好的推广前景。     

Parametric study of two-body floating-point wave absorber

In this paper, we present a comprehensive numerical simulation of a point wave absorber in deep water. Analyses are performed in both the frequency and time domains. The converter is a two-body floating-point absorber (FPA) with one degree of freedom in the heave direction. Its two parts are connected by a linear mass-spring-damper system. The commercial ANSYS-AQWA software used in this study performs well in considering validations. The velocity potential is obtained by assuming incompressible and irrotational flow. As such, we investigated the effects of wave characteristics on energy conversion and device efficiency, including wave height and wave period, as well as the device diameter, draft, geometry, and damping coefficient. To validate the model, we compared our numerical results with those from similar experiments. Our study results can clearly help to maximize the converter’s efficiency when considering specific conditions.     

基于直线电机的波浪能发电系统综述

本文介绍了波浪能利用的背景和现状,以及直线发电机在当前波浪能发电装置中的优越性;介绍了基于直线电机的波浪能发电装置的结构与工作原理。对波浪能发电机组和电网间不同的联接方式进行了定性分析和比较。基于直线电机的波浪能发电装置具有效率高、结构简单以及安装维护简易等特点,在波浪能利用领域具有广阔的应用和发展前景。     

SWT方法在内部充水弹性球壳散射的应用

采用Sommerfeld-Watson变换(SWT)方法研究了内部充水弹性球壳的散射,应用绕数积分求根方法在频率域复平面和波数域复平面求解环绕波的频散方程。比较了弹性球壳在内部真空和内部充水两种情况下环绕波相速度曲线和衰减曲线,结果表明内部流体负载使得相对于内部真空情况有大量流体环绕波产生,相邻流体环绕波相速度曲线的"排斥"现象是明显的,流体波向周围媒质的再辐射作用在其相速度接近内部真空球壳弹性环绕波相速度的时候达到局部极值。用镜反射波和环绕波的叠加合成反向散射形态函数,与简正级数解符合良好。     

两类锚泊系统在漂浮式双体浮动式波能转换装置垂荡运动状态下的性能（英文）

This work investigated the influence of two types of mooring systems on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-body floating wave energy converter(WEC). It also investigated the effects of the physical parameters of the mooring system on the amount of extractable power from incident waves in the frequency domain. The modeled converter comprised a floating body(a buoy), a submerged body with two mooring systems, and a coupling system for two bodies. The coupling system was a simplified power take-off system that was modeled by a linear spring-damper model. The tension leg mooring system could drastically affect the heave motion of the submerged body of the model and increase relative displacement between the two bodies. The effects of the stiffness parameter of the mooring system on power absorption exceeded those of the pretension tendon force.     

两体点式波能装置参数分析（英文）

In this paper, we present a comprehensive numerical simulation of a point wave absorber in deep water. Analyses are performed in both the frequency and time domains. The converter is a two-body floating-point absorber(FPA) with one degree of freedom in the heave direction. Its two parts are connected by a linear mass-spring-damper system. The commercial ANSYS-AQWA software used in this study performs well in considering validations. The velocity potential is obtained by assuming incompressible and irrotational flow. As such, we investigated the effects of wave characteristics on energy conversion and device efficiency, including wave height and wave period, as well as the device diameter, draft, geometry, and damping coefficient. To validate the model, we compared our numerical results with those from similar experiments. Our study results can clearly help to maximize the converter's efficiency when considering specific conditions.     

波能转换型浮式防波堤的水动力性能研究（英文）

The integration of wave energy converters(WECs) with floating breakwaters has become common recently due to the benefits of both cost-sharing and providing offshore power supply. In this study, based on viscous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory, we investigated the hydrodynamic performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters, both of which can also serve as WECs. A numerical wave flume model is constructed using Star-CCM+software and applied to investigate the interaction between waves and wave energy converters while completing the verification of the convergence study of time and space steps. The effects of wave length on motion response and transmission coefficient of the floating box breakwater model are studied. Comparisons of our numerical results and published experimental data indicate that Star-CCM+ is very capable of accurately modeling the nonlinear wave interaction of floating structures, while the analytical potential theory overrates the results especially around the resonant frequency. Optimal damping can be readily predicted using potential flow theory and can then be verified by CFD numerical results. Next, we investigated the relationship between wave frequencies and various coefficients using the CFD model under optimal damping, including the motion response, transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient,dissipation coefficient, and wave energy conversion efficiency. We then compared the power generation efficiencies and wave dissipation performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is always much higher than that of the floating box breakwater. Besides, the wave dissipation performance of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is much better than that of the floating box breakwater at lower frequency.