关于应急物流体系建设的几点思考

应急物流体系是指为保障应对突发公共事件的物资需求,以时间效益最大化和灾害损失最小化为目标,由信息管理、组织机构,政策法规、理论技术、应急物资、设施设备、专业人员等有关要素相互联系、相互制约而构成的特种物流系统.研究应急物流体系的建设问题,对提高我国危机管理的水平,增强应对突发公共事件的能力,具有重要而深远的意义.     

借鉴国外经验推进国家水上污染应急体系建设

2006年1月8日，国务院发布了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》。总体预案作为全国应急预案体系的总纲，指导着各类突发公共事件应急预案的框架体系、工作机制的建立，总体预案所提出的“以人为本，减少危害；统一领导，分级负责，执法规范，加强管理；快速反应，协同应对，依靠科技，提高素质”的工作原则，     

日照港突发公共事件应急预案出台

为提高日照港口保障公共安全和处置突发公共事件的能力，最大程度地预防和减少突发公共事件造成的损害，保障员工的生命财产安全，维护港口安全和稳定，促进生产建设经营全面、协调、可持续发展，日照港突发公共事件应急预案于近日出版。     

关注

要通过演习不断提高队伍素质，及时发现薄弱环节，修订完善应急预案，努力提高应对突发公共事件的能力。     

高校突发公共事件管理的情感认同研究

高校突发公共事件的管理应高度重视情感认同。从正反两方面来看,情感认同在突发公共事件管理中具有重要的作用。在突发公共事件的管理中应从管理理念、管理措施、管理环境等方面建立情感认同。     

从灾害事故看档案数据异地备份保存的紧迫性

近年来突发公共事件和自然灾害频发,给档案安全带来严重威胁.档案数据异地备份保存是统筹档案安全与发展,应对灾害事故中档案数据安全保存的有效策略.本文从档案数据异地备份保存的意义入手,对档案数据异地备份保存工作中存在的问题进行了详尽的分析,同时提出档案数据异地备份保存应采取的相应解决对策和措施.     

水上突发公共事件应急处理措施

本文从水上沉船沉物等突发公共事件的影响出发,对打捞力量在应急抢险中发挥的作用进行了分析,探讨了应急抢险打捞力量的重要性,并针对长江流域水上应急抢险打捞力量建设的提出了思考及建议。     

国内信息

政策与法规国务院发布《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》 1月8日,国务院发布《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》(以下简称《总体预案》)。《总体预案》共6章,包括总则、组织体系、运行机制、应急保障、监督管理和附则,是全国应急预案体系的总纲。《总体预案》明确了各类突发公共事件     

国内信息

政策与法规交通运输部第一次部务会议召开4月2日,交通运输部第一次部务会议召开。会议审议并原则通过《交通运输部工作规则》和《国家海上搜救应急预案(修订稿)》、《公路交通突发公共事件应急预案(修订稿)》、《水路交通突发公共事件应急预案(修订稿)》,总结了第一季度交通经济运行情况,研究部署了保障北京奥运会期间交通运输和安全工作,全国人大代表建议、议案和政协委员提案办理工作和第二季度重点工作。     

国内信息

政策与法规交通运输部发布《交通运输行业突发公共事件新闻宣传应急预案》日前,交通运输部部务会议,审议并原则通过了《交通运输行业突发公共事件新闻宣传应急预案》等4项落实科学发展观要求、体现体制机制     

集装箱岸边起重机吊具防过倾安全保护系统的研制

随着新的集装箱码头不断建成,大量新培养桥吊司机上岗作业。由于技术不熟练导致操作失误、安全事故频发。针对该问题,从事故的预防出发,研制了监测吊具倾斜和桥吊起升安全保护系统,保障码头关键设备处于良好安全的运行状态。     

Australian Beach Safety and the Politics of Shark Attacks

There are no simple government solutions when sharks bite people. These rare and sometimes fatal incidents are fraught with uncertainties and command a disproportionate amount of psychological space in the minds of the public, as well as a large degree of policy space and funding from many governments. Responses to mitigate shark bite incidents involve public policies that contend with the needs of public safety as well as the responsibility to protect endangered predators. Little study to date has been done examining the politics of shark attacks, yet these events are among the most geographically dispersed human–wildlife conflicts in the world. I examine the underlying concerns that drive this policy process by asking how problem definition framing by policy entrepreneurs affects government responses following shark bite incidents. Through a case study of shark bite incidents in Sydney, Australia in 1929, 1934, and 2009, I identify three competing problem definitions: behavioral, psychological, and conservation. The psychological definition, building confidence in the minds of the public, is shown to be the most successful. Building on previous research, I argue that policy entrepreneurship is a central feature in the strength of problem definitions. I conclude by suggesting lessons for the balanced coastal management of human–marine life conflicts including the selection of trusted spokespeople, prioritizing measures to relieve short-term public anxiety, reframing beach ecosystems as “the wild,” and connecting public safety education to personal behavior.     

我国船舶油污染损害赔偿机制的初探

随着我国社会的发展,特别是加入WTO后,贸易的频繁,通过海洋(包括入海开放河流)的货物运输量不断增加,在中国水域范围内的突发性严重船舶溢油事故因此也不断发生,给水域环境造成严重污染和国家财产造成重大损失。本文结合工作实际及当前国际公约和国内损害赔偿有关法律法规,分析了我国目前船舶油污染损害赔偿方面存在的问题,提出海事管理机构应在船舶污染损害赔偿中发挥重要作用,提出建立完善的油污损害赔偿机制等相关建议。     

Public transport policy for central-city travel in the light of recent experiences of congestion charging

Excellent public transport which makes the private car a minority mode of central-city travel is a necessary condition for a political process towards the introduction of congestion charges. However, the charging system costs in London and Stockholm have proved to be unexpectedly high. Therefore, before these costs come down to an affordable level, zero-fares for central-city travel and stricter parking policy would be a first-best combination in many cities, always provided that the public transport is really competitive. A bold venture in public transport development is consequently the top priority irrespective of the transport pricing policy direction.     

舰船通信网络结构复杂性实证分析

针对现代军事信息系统日益呈现出的复杂性和网络化的结构特点,提出基于复杂网络的研究思路.通过把舰船通信实体简化为节点,把节点之间的通信联络简化为边,构建出某舰船通信网络拓扑模型.然后通过计算通信网络的度量参数,验证了舰船通信网络的复杂性特征.为将复杂网络研究成果运用到未来军事信息系统建设中提供了积极的理论启示和参考价值.     

洋山港爆破工程与地基处理项目安全风险评价模型

进行爆破工程和地基处理的施工中,人、物和环境等因素均可能在施工过程中诱发安全事故。在洋山港工程实践中,为了从根本上减少安全事故的发生,减少事故造成的损失,从整个系统综合管理的角度考虑,建立一套能对安全事故诱因进行监测、诊断的安全风险评价模型,从而为政府和企业采取相应的预防控制措施规避爆破工程和地基处理中的风险提供技术支持。     

Sea trials of Sigma wave energy converter – slacking and snapping of TLP mooring lines

Sigma Energy has performed its foremost prototype tests of scaled wave energy converter in a real sea environment. The prototype was a point absorber with a cylindrical buoy, a mechanical power take-off system with a counterweight, moored to the seabed as a tension leg platform (TLP) with three equal tendons. In these extensive experiments, numerous device characteristics were measured and analysed. The present paper focuses on the dynamic forces in the mooring lines, and some unexpected and rare data obtained. It is well known that TLP tendons are prone to a brief loss of tension (the slacking) and that, after such events, high snapping forces of short duration can arise. Partly by intention, and partly due to underestimation of the dynamical forces, several such slacking-snapping incidents were recorded during the experiments. In some severe storms, the snapping forces were up to six times higher than the tendon pretension. The paper presents several recordings of dynamic forces and platform motion during these critical events. It analysis them, and gives a typical scenario under which they occur. It gives also some theoretical explanations, and numerical predictions of dynamical tendon forces, with their comparison to the experimental results.     

船载危化品突发事故应急能力评价体系的建立

根据船载危化品事故的特点和产生的危害性,阐述建立船载危化品突发事故应急能力评价体系的必要性,提出了建立船载危化品突发事故应急能力评价体系的设想,以推动我国尽快建立科学、合理、可行的船载危化品突发事故应急能力评价体系。     

构建和完善港口基础设施系统投融资体制

在分析当前我国港口基础设施系统投融资体制现状的基础上,根据公共经济学理论对港口设施系统要素按投资来源、投资方式进行了合理划分,并充分借鉴国外港口建设的投融资体制,提出应根据不同类型项目分类融资的思想,最后给出了建立与完善市场经济条件下港口投融资体制的具体建议。     

智慧航道建设成效评价指标体系研究*

航道是国家重要的公益性交通基础设施,是内河航运高质量发展的基础。在新基建、数字交通等政策强力牵引下,智慧航道的发展面临着重大机遇。目前大规模发展智慧航道工程,但尚未建立专门针对智慧航道建设成效的评价指标体系。为规范智慧航道建设,研究构建了智慧航道建设成效评价指标体系,利用层次分析法构建建设成效得分评价模型,提出智慧航道分级定义,实现客观、量化地评估智慧航道工程建设效果,扎实推进航道基础设施数字化、智能化转型升级。