Research on Electron Beam Welding of in situ TiB_(2p)/ZL101 Composite

AbstractElectron beam welding of in situ TiB2p reinforced aluminum composites was studied.The results show that no obvious pores or cracks is presented in the weld seam.The grains in the weld seam are remarkably refined and TiB2 particles distribute much more homogeneously than that in base metal.The hardness values of fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ)are both increased in comparison with that of base metal.There are no interface reactions between TiB2 particle and Al matrix.This results supply the evidence that the novel TiB2p reinforced aluminum composites can be well joined with the electron beam welding.     

Microscopic structure and property of double-electrode gas metal arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

This paper focuses on the research on double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness. During the welding process, stable hybrid arc of metal inert gas(MIG) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) is employed as welding heat source. Optical and electron microscopes are used to observe the microstructures of the weld joint. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) are employed to identify the components in fusion zone. Microhardness is also tested. When the MIG current is 80 A, the perfect weld joint is obtained, though figures of fish scales are observed in all joints in the research. The fusion zone is formed by dendrites, where β-Mg17(Al, Zn)12is dispersed. The hardness in fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) is lower than that in base metal(BM). The average Vickers hardness of fusion zone and HAZ is about 58 and 56 respectively, while the Vickers hardness of BM is about 63.     

AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头显微组织及疲劳性能

为了改善镁合金焊接接头的微观组织及其力学性能,采用真空电子束焊接工艺对厚10 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材进行焊接,分析电子束对接接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成,检测了电子束对接接头静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能.试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均得到了改善:焊缝区晶粒明显细化,焊缝区Mg、Zn元素的质量分数分别降低了0.12%和0.28%,Al、Mn元素的质量分数分别增加了0.24%、0.14%,焊缝区为单相α-Mg,无明显的低熔点β-Mg17Al12脆性;焊接接头的抗拉强度为242 MPa,能够达到母材的抗拉强度;在脉动载荷（R=0.1）、2×106循环次数下,其接头的疲劳强度为91 MPa,能达到母材的78.4%.      

6005A铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀行为

采用浸泡试验和电化学方法研究了6005A铝合金焊接接头在不同介质环境中的腐蚀行为,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱分析了焊缝微观组织和成分的变化．结果表明,由于ER5356焊丝Mg含量较高,致使焊缝中Mg含量高于母材,因此焊缝耐蚀性能低于母材;在浸泡试验中焊缝发生均匀腐蚀,表面呈多孔形貌,其对光线的反射明显弱于仅发生点蚀的母材,表现出焊缝发黑的现象;焊接接头在0．1MNaCl、0．1MNa2SO4和0．1MNaNO3溶液中的腐蚀速度为VNaCl〉VNa2SO4〉VNaNO3.     

Microstructure and property of friction stir welding joint of 7075Al and AZ31BMg

Microstructure and forming quality of friction stir welding joints of 7075Al and AZ31BMg with different welding parameters were analyzed. The results show that, good welded joint is obtained when the rotating frequency is 13 r/s and the welding speed is 30 mm/min. An irregular area is formed in the welding center. Meanwhile, the river pattern and eddy-like distribution are found in the weld nugget zone. Besides, brittle intermetallic compounds Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ are found in the welded joint. They cause the increase of microhardness of welded joint. The maximum tension stress of welded joint is 112MPa.     

EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文研究了EQ1170KA客车底盘焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的规律,结果表明:焊接接头不同部位的疲劳裂纹扩展速率各不相同,焊接残余应力和金相组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率都有一定的影响。     

WELDOX960E高强钢手工电弧焊焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度和金相组织分析等试验,对手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢焊接接头组织和力学性能进行研究.研究结果表明：采用Phoenix SH Ni2 K130焊条、手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢时,可以获得拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能良好的接头;其焊缝组织为针状铁素体与粒状贝氏体的混合分布;熔合区及粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量白色M-A块区;正火区组织为块状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和珠光体;母材显微组织为回火索氏体;WELDOX960E高强钢焊缝硬度为270 ～ 300 HV,且距离熔合线30 mm处出现软化区.     

工业纯锆焊缝金相组织和力学性能

为了研究工业纯锆在焊缝不同区域的分布、金相组织和力学性能之间的关系,采用TIG方法焊接锆R60702工业纯锆板对接焊缝,采用光学显微镜、电子探针和显微硬度计等仪器,分析焊缝母材区、热影响区、熔合区和焊缝区的金相组织、机械性能和元素分布特性.研究结果表明:对接接头各区域的组织不同,母材区的晶粒为等轴状,呈面织构;不完全重结晶区的晶粒亦为等轴状,而且更细于母材晶粒,因而强度、塑性优良;过热区的晶粒则较粗大;焊缝区组织为铸态晶粒,形状为纤维状;对接接头各区的元素分布较为均匀,没有明显的偏析现象;焊接接头的硬度呈W型分布,最高硬度分布在焊缝区达到290 HV50 g,最低硬度分布在不完全重结晶区,达到162 HV50 g,过热区则介于母材区与焊缝区之间.      

钢轨加压铝热焊的研究

为了提高钢轨常规铝热焊的接头质量,作者对钢轨加压铝热焊工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,这种工艺使铸态焊缝变窄,母材产生一定塑性变形,接头韧性大幅度提高,是既能保证接头质量又便于现场生产使用的一种工艺.     

两种焊接工艺下过共析钢轨接头的冲击磨损性能

为研究闪光焊、铝热焊两种焊接工艺下过共析钢轨焊接接头的冲击损伤演变行为以及性能差异,在自制的冲击磨损试验机上对过共析钢轨焊缝、热影响区软化部位及母材进行了不同冲击次数下的模拟实验.研究结果表明:随着冲击次数的增加,钢轨焊接接头的冲击磨损均经历着塑性变形、点蚀破坏和疲劳剥落的过程,冲击损伤是疲劳磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的结...     

焊接修复对铁素体不锈钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度、金相组织分析等试验,对不同焊修次数T4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头的组织和性能进行研究.试验结果表明:焊修一、二次对T4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头的抗拉、弯曲和冲击性能均影响不大;不同焊修次数T4003铁素体不锈钢焊缝的显微组织为奥氏体+δ铁素体;熔合区的显微组织为铁素体+马氏体,晶粒粗大;母材的显微组织为块状铁素体,沿轧制方向成条状分布.焊接修复对T4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头的粗晶区宽度、晶粒度与马氏体含量的影响不大.不同焊修次数T4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头焊缝的显微硬度相近,母材显微硬度大致相同,热影响区显微硬度的变化不大.     

Research on reduction of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> by biomass sawdust

The research on biomass reduction of Fe₂O₃ was carried out by using sawdust as reductant. The direct reducing agents in the biomass magnetization process were determined by comparing various biomass pyrolysis products with the reduction degree (divalent iron content in total iron), reduction temperature range and valence change of Fe₂O₃ in the reduction process. The microstructure variation of Fe₂O₃ at different stages was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was applied to explore the thermal reduction process. The results show that the direct reducing substances in the biomass reaction with Fe₂O₃ are H₂ and bio-oil, and the reduction process can be divided into two steps: biomass pyrolyzing to release H₂ and bio-oil, and reductive volatiles reacting with Fe₂O₃. The two steps are relatively independent. The kinetic of the reduction reaction follows a first-order reaction kinetic model, with 88.99 kJ/mol activation energy and 9.55 × 10⁸ min^?1 frequency factor.     

BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度试验以及金相分析等对BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:采用YM80-A焊丝焊接BWELDY700QL4低合金高强钢可以获得拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能均良好的焊接接头;其焊缝组织晶界为先共析铁素体、平行排列的无碳贝氏体从晶界伸向晶内,晶内为针状铁素体与珠光体,个别部位有粒状贝氏体.熔合区及粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量M-A组元.正火区组织为粒状贝氏体和少量铁素体.BWELDY700QL4焊接接头的硬度值在264～380 HV之间,焊缝处硬度最高,比母材高48 ～76 HV,热影响区虽有软化现象,但不明显.     

Modeling, identification and simulation of DC resistance spot welding process for aluminum alloy 5182

Currently the aluminum alloy resistance spot welding(AA-RSW) has been extensively used for light weight automotive body-in-white manufacturing.However the aluminum alloys such as AA5182 have inferior weldability for forming the joint due to their high reflectiveness to heat and light.Therefore it is necessary to further develop the high performance control strategy and the set-up of a new welding schedule.The welding process identification is the essential issue where the difficulty arises from the fact that the AA-RSW is a nonlinear time-varying uncertain process which couples the thermal,electrical,mechanical and metallurgical dynamics.To understand this complicated physical phenomenon a novel dual-phase M-series pseudo-random electrical pattern is adopted to excite the AA-RSW electrical-thermal process and the thermal response is recorded according to the welding power outputs.Based on the experimental information,the transfer function of an AA-RSW electrical- thermal mechanism is identified,and the optimum model order and parameters are determined.Subsequently a control-oriented DC AA-RSW model is established to explore the welding power control algorithm.The simulated results of the control model show agreement with the experimental data,which validates its feasibility for the corresponding welding control.     

焊接残余应力对动车组铝合金车体疲劳强度的影响

采用热-弹塑性法和固有应变法计算了动车组铝合金车体对接接头的残余应力, 并进行了对比, 以验证采用固有应变法计算残余应力的合理性; 建立了车体的板壳有限元模型, 参照标准《铁路应用—铁路车辆车体的结构要求》 (EN 12663), 确定车体服役状态的疲劳载荷工况, 采用惯性释放法计算了车体有无残余应力的疲劳强度; 根据最大主应力原则, 将车体多轴应力转化为单轴应力, 得到焊缝和母材关注点的平均应力和应力幅值; 结合铝合金车体材料性能参数绘制了Goodman疲劳曲线, 计算了每个关注点的可靠性安全系数, 分析了残余应力对车体疲劳强度的影响。分析结果表明: 焊接残余应力对母材关注点影响不大, 其可靠性安全系数降幅小于5%;焊缝关注点的平均应力增加量可达25 MPa, 其可靠性安全系数降幅超过50%, 最大为54%, 使得车体容易疲劳失效; 残余应力对焊缝关注点最大主应力的方向有明显的改变。      

模拟异种钢接头蠕变力学特性的数值分析

利用有限元数值模拟了高强匹配异种的接头在弹性－蠕变条件下的应力／应变场，结果表明，接头的应力／应变分布不均匀，在焊缝界面上，应力和应变分别呈不连续和不协调分布特性，并随着拦头各区蠕变强度差别的增大，其分布梯度增大，峰值应力／应变提高，因此，蠕变强度梯度大的高强焊缝和低强母材的界面是接头的薄弱部位。     

Investigation on the formation mechanism of ordered carbide (FeMn)<Subscript>3</Subscript>AlC in the Al added twinning-induced plasticity steels

The spinodal composition zone in Al added Fe-Mn-Al-C twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） steels can be determined by contents of Al and C and aging temperature together, based on the thermodynamic analysis. Precipitation of ordered（FeMn）₃AlC carbide by the mechanism of spinodal decomposition occurs in the C-rich and Al-rich zone with low aging temperature. Increase of aging temperature shrinks spinodal composition zone to the high Al and C contents. As a result, the precipitation of（FeMn）₃AlC carbide alters from spinodal decomposition to classical nucleation-growth manner gradually. Further calculation indicates that the diffusion of Al can play a key role in determining the growth rate of（FeMn）₃AlC carbide at high aging temperature.     

锚拉板区域焊缝消除应力后性能试验分析

基于重庆江津观音岩长江大桥的斜拉索和主梁的锚固采用拉板式的锚固方式,大部分板件为厚钢板,锚拉板各板件之间各焊缝进行了焊接应力消除工艺,对消除应力后的焊缝进行了各项试验检测。应用数理统计分析理论及SPSS分析软件,判断焊缝的试验检测结果是否符合正态分布规律;采用概率的置信区判断焊缝是否达到相关的力学性能要求,确保斜拉桥主梁与锚拉板焊缝连接的安全和传力的可靠。     

Monte Carlo simulation of B2-L2<Subscript>1</Subscript> ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al alloy systems

The B2-L2₁ ordering transitions in Au-Cu-Al shape-memory alloys are studied by the Monte Carlo exchange simulations, where a set of the first, the second and the third nearest-neighbor mixing potentials for Cu-Al in the Au-Cu-Al alloys are calculated from first principals using the Connolly-Williams methods. To ensure the phase stability of the β-Au-Cu-Al, the investigation includes the range of compositions Au₂Cu_1−x Al_1+x (−0.15 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.15). The B2-L2₁ transition temperatures are predicted, and are in agreement with the experimental results. The atomic ordering around vacancy of the L2₁ structure is further discussed.     

WEL—TEN780A高强钢及焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率

依据ＧＢ６３９８－８６,采用紧凑拉伸试样,对ＷＥＬ－ＴＥＮ７８０Ａ钢及其用Ｌ－８０ＳＮ焊条手工电弧焊焊接接头的焊缝和热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了研究。结果表明：在相同的疲劳循环载荷作用下,热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于母材和焊缝,焊缝金属具有最低裂纹扩展速率。