橡胶沥青混合料路用性能评价

为了评价橡胶沥青混合料的路用性能,对橡胶沥青AR-AC13、改性沥青SMA-13及改性沥青混合料AC-13分别进行了车辙试验、低温小梁弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验及四点弯曲疲劳试验,通过动稳定度、弯拉应变、劈裂强度比及疲劳寿命等指标对比评价它们的高低温、水稳定及疲劳性能。     

基于变i法级配设计的环氧沥青混合料性能试验研究

为研究环氧沥青混合料级配变化对路用性能的影响,文章采用变i法级配设计理论计算合成级配曲线,利用贝雷法参数对关键控制筛孔进行分析,并对不同级配环氧沥青混合料的路用性能进行研究.结果 显示:变i法设计级配曲线具备良好的嵌挤结构,能够满足环氧沥青混合料的特性要求,级配变化对抗弯拉强度和弯拉应变指标影响不致,在-15℃条件下,...     

基于冻融循环理论的沥青混合料抗裂性能研究

层底抗拉强度和层底抗拉应变(弯拉强度)是评价沥青路面结构抗裂性好坏的主要指标之一。本文基于冻融循环理论,利用自行设计的冻融循环试验,对掺有不同含量外加剂SBS(0%、4%、5%、6%)的AC-16、SMA-16的沥青混合料,分别在冻融循环次数为0次、6次、12次、18次的条件下进行进行试验。结果表明:级配类型为AC-16、SMA-16的两种沥青混合料抗拉强度和抗拉应变均随着冻融循环次数的增加而减小;在任意冻融循环条件下,当SBS含量为5%时,两种级配的沥青混合料,层底抗拉强度均有明显的提高,且AC-16沥青混合料抗裂性要好于SMA-16沥青混合料。     

寒冷地区沥青混合料弯拉特性分析

文章针对寒冷地区气侯的特殊性,运用沥青混合料弯曲试验方法,分析了温度、公称最大粒径、油石比、沥青种类等因素对寒冷地区沥青混合料弯拉特性的影响及作用规律。研究结果表明：混合料油石比在6.0%～7.0%范围内取值较适宜;SBR改性沥青混合料低温性能优势显著;多年冻土地区路面设计应该重视-10℃下沥青混合料的弯曲特性,提高沥青混合料的低温性能。     

硫磺改性剂对沥青混合料力学性能影响的试验研究

在沥青混合料中添加一定量的硫磺改性剂可以增强混合料的强度及抗变形能力。文章通过抗压试验、劈裂试验、贯入剪切试验、弯曲试验对硫磺改性沥青混合料的强度及抗变形能力进行了研究,并从力学性能角度分析了硫磺改性剂对沥青混合料性能的影响。结果表明:普通沥青混合料添加硫磺改性剂后,强度及抗变形能力增强,抗弯拉强度及抗弯拉变形能力下降,即添加硫磺改性剂的沥青混合料强度、刚度增强,但柔韧性有所下降。     

乳化沥青冷再生混合料路用性能试验分析

文章阐述了乳化沥青冷再生混合料原材料的性能特点和参数指标,介绍了混合料的级配设计方案,并通过室内试验分析了厂拌RAP冷再生混合料的路用性能。试验结果表明:随着RAP使用量的增加,抗压回弹模量和抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和破坏劲度模块、弯拉应变和弯拉强度等都呈下降的规律,但是随着RAP用量的增加,动稳定度却随之缩减,且渗水系数也随着RAP的缩减而呈现二次多项式增加;TSR随着RAP用量的增加而处于稳定的状态中,即冻融劈裂强度比在此环境内必为定值,然而却远远低于规范的技术标准;在同一温度下,劈裂抗拉强度和抗压回弹模量之间呈幂函数的关系变化式,最终需要根据材料的抗压回弹模量和劈裂抗拉强度将乳化沥青冷再生材料区分为主要的四类。     

用弯曲试验评价沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能

在MTS810材料试验系统上进行了-10℃下的沥青混合料的低温弯曲试验,通过对大量试验结果的分析和总结,以抗弯拉强度和最大弯拉应变为指标来评价沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能。     

高RAP掺量SMC常温改性再生沥青混合料性能研究

为探究高RAP掺量SMC常温改性再生沥青混合料路用性能优劣,文章取定RAP掺量为60%,确定60%RAP掺量的高RAP掺量SMC常温改性再生沥青混合料油石比,采用车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验和低温弯曲试验对混合料的高温性能、水稳定性和低温性能进行评价。结果表明:60%RAP掺量下SMC常温改性沥青混合料动稳定度为规范要求限值的近2.3倍,残留稳定度和冻融劈裂强度比略高于规范要求限值,破坏弯拉应变为规范要求限值的1.5倍以上。由此可见,SMC常温改性剂在降低混合料生产拌和温度的同时还具备再生剂效果,掺入SMC常温改性剂后的再生沥青混合料中RAP掺量可提高至60%。     

Superpave设计方法在榆(林)靖(边)高速公路中的应用

针对榆靖沙漠高速公路气候特点,采用Su-perpave设计方法对沥青混合料进行设计,对试验路压实度、构造深度、路面弯沉、裂缝等质量控制指标进行测试,分析结果表明Superpave沥青混凝土路面具有优良的路用性能,所采用的材料组成设计方法在沙漠地区地区具有广泛的应用前景。     

不同填料对沥青混合料粘结破坏机理的影响研究

文章采用机械和热力学方法,研究不同填料对沥青混合料抵抗粘结破坏性能的影响.通过往70#沥青中分别添加石粉、熟石灰、碳酸钙和碳酸盐水泥四种填料,采用BBS拉脱试验和威廉姆平板试验测定了胶浆的拉脱强度和表面自由能;加入石灰岩和花岗岩骨料制备沥青混合料,采用冻融劈裂试验分析其水稳定性能.结果表明:熟石灰和碳酸钙作为填料对于提...     

沥青混合料水损害的室内试验分析

文章通过室内试验,定量探讨了集料种类、沥青种类、空隙率、老化程度掺加抗剥落剂种类等因素各个水平变化对沥青混合料水稳定性的影响,并采用正交试验极差分析法对试验数据进行分析,最后得出结论：对于沥青混合料水稳定性能,影响最大的因素是沥青种类,剥落剂种类及集料种类次之。     

Panel analysis in transportation planning: An overview

The advantages, disadvantages, and issues involved in the panel analysis of travel behavior are discussed. Increased statistical efficiency, possibility of improved prediction, and the ability to observe changes and examine behavioral dynamics, are among the advantages panel data offer. Their disadvantages, on the other hand, stem from the added biases and costs of panel survey, and increased complexity involved in the analysis. Following a discussion of response lags, leads, and other dynamic elements of travel behavior, the paper offers a brief review of statistical methods available for the analysis of panel data. Use of panel data and dynamic models for demand forecasting is then described, followed by sample size, interview frequency, and other considerations in panel survey design and administration.     

沈家门港海底沉管隧道设计介绍

沉管法是修建水下隧道的一种先进施工方法,其设计需考虑结构、施工工艺、水文地质条件、运营等众多因素的影响。针对隧道工程和水文地质、沉管结构、管段沉放水流阻力等条件,以及系缆柱、接头防水、最终接头、工程耐久性等措施,对沈家门港海底沉管隧道工程的设计进行了分析。分析结果表明:沉管管段既要满足结构力学要求,又要满足施工中起浮运输及运营期抗浮、稳定性、耐久性要求,综合考虑各种因素才能设计出符合要求的沉管隧道结构。     

High accuracy crash mapping using fuzzy logic

Accurate crash location data in crash databases can be shown to be essential for crash modelling, crash mapping, hazardous road segment identification and other studies that aim to decrease the number of crashes within a network area. In this paper a generic and high-accuracy automatic crash mapping method is developed and presented. The methodology is based on a transformed map-matching method for candidate road segment identification and on a fuzzy logic inference system for the final road segment selection. The method is implemented by employing all injury and fatal crashes that occurred during 2012 in the UK Strategic Road Network but can be transferred to other network/crash data. The accuracy of the developed method is estimated to be 98.9% (±1.1%) correct matches. The results of this method are compared to other less advanced crash mapping methods.     

Testing electric vehicle demand in ‘hybrid households’ using a reflexive survey

The debate over electric vehicles (EVs) pivots largely on issues of market demand: will consumers purchase a vehicle that provides substantially less driving range, yet can be refueled at home, than an otherwise comparable gasoline vehicle? Also, what role do other unique attributes of EVs play in the purchase decision? Most previous studies find that limited driving range is a serious market barrier; many of those same studies ignore or under-value other novel attributes. To probe these future consumer decision processes deeply and robustly, we first devised and conducted detailed, interactive and experiment-oriented interviews. Then, incorporating what we learned, we designed an innovative mail survey and administered it to 454 multi-car households in California. The four-stage mail survey included a video of EV use and recharging and other informational material, completion of a 3-day trip diary and map of activity locations, and vehicle choice experiments. In addition to propulsion systems, respondents made choices of body styles, driving ranges, and other features. We formalized and tested what we call the hybrid household hypothesis: households who choose EVs will be purposefully diversifying their vehicle holdings to achieve the unique advantages of different propulsion systems. The hypothesis is supported, given the assumptions in our experimental design. In fact, a significantly larger number of EVs are chosen than the minimum number that would support our hypothesis. We find that purchases of battery-powered EVs by hybrid households would account for between 7 and 18% of annual light duty vehicle sales in California. EVs sold to fleets and other households would be in addition to those identified by this study.     

Tracks to Change or Mixed Signals? A Review of the Anglo-Saxon Literature on the Economic and Spatial Impacts of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACT

The economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment.     

A simulation of transit bus emissions along an urban corridor: Evaluating changes under various service improvement strategies

This study investigates the impacts of transit improvement strategies on bus emissions along a busy corridor in Montreal, Canada. The local transit provider, Société de Transport de Montréal, has implemented a number of strategies which include the use of smart cards, limited-stop (express bus) service, and reserved bus lanes along this corridor. Using data collected on-board for instantaneous speeds and stop-level ridership, we estimated bus emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants at three levels: road segment, bus-stop, and per passenger. A regression of segment-level emissions against a number of explanatory variables reveals that reserved bus lanes and express bus service reduce emissions significantly. On the other hand, smart card use reduces idling emissions compared to other fare payment methods. Our findings are of most relevance for transit planners who are seeking to implement different strategies to reduce emissions and improve transit performance.     

Consumer valuation of changes in driving range: A meta-analysis

We perform a meta-analysis of studies investigating consumer preferences for electric and other alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) to provide insights into the way driving range is traded off for capital costs. We find that consumers are willing to pay, on average, between 66 and 75 US$ for a 1-mile increase in driving range. Ceteris paribus, 100-mile-range cars have to be priced about 60% less than their conventional counterparts to become competitive. In line with intuition, but in contrast to most specifications employed in primary studies, we find that consumers’ marginal willingness to pay (WTP) decreases at a diminishing rate with increases in driving range. The variation in the WTP and compensating variation estimates among examined studies can be attributed to differences in the levels of driving range considered, in other elements of the study design and in the country of study. Our findings support stated preference literature’s conclusion that short driving range has been a major limitation to the large-scale adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and other AFVs, and that technological developments permitting longer driving ranges will, to some extent, facilitate their market penetration. We further propose that consumer valuation of driving range should not be examined in isolation from other attributes related to refuelling activities, such as refuelling duration and the coverage of refuelling infrastructure.     

Cross-sector Analysis of Four Renegotiated Transport PPPs in Portugal

Abstract

This paper uses the Fertagus renegotiation results as a reference and explores the features that made it such a widely commended case, aiming to identify the best practice to be followed in other cases. The two main questions that this paper aimed to respond were: Was the success of the renegotiation process in the Fertagus contract due to mode-specific factors? Are those factors (mode specific or not) transferable to other modes under public private partnership (PPP) contracts and if so, to what extent? Regarding the mode specificity and transferability analysis, it can be noticed that much of the features were not mode specific in theory, however for the successful transferability to other transport modes, some changes should be made to the PPP model taking into account modal specificities and national contexts.     

海管安全管理

海底管道是海洋石油平台与平台之间、平台与陆地之间的石油、天然气和地层注入水等介质的输送渠道。如果没有有效的管理,将会造成海底管道的堵塞或管道的破裂,不但严重影响海上油田的正常生产,还会造成严重的海洋环境污染。因此,必须建立有效的海底管道日常巡检、定期检验与维护制度,并且严格执行海管的安全管理规定、操作规程和有关的规章制度,防止海底管道安全事故的发生。实践证明：加强海底管道的日常管理,及时发现海管运行中出现的异常状况,采取有效的处理措施是确保海底管道安全运行、防止海洋环境污染事故发生的有效途径。