基于FDLQR的喷流舵船舶航向横摇控制研究

本文探讨了目标船在随机海浪干扰下的喷流舵减摇控制问题。首先,介绍喷流舵流体动力特性,并通过内插值获取理想线性控制输入。将水面船舶4自由度非线性耦合模型简化为3自由度直航线性模型,并针对单舵舵减摇控制问题,提出基于线性模型的分频线性二次型最优控制方法,构建了航向/横摇综合控制仿真数学模型。最后,在不同工况进行喷流舵控制对比仿真研究。结果表明,喷流舵在航向/横摇控制性能上可以获取更优的效果。设计的分频线性二次型最优控制器具有较强的性能跟踪能力,并兼顾到控制成本。基于该控制方法的喷流舵控制对实际船舶航向横摇控制,尤其在低航速航行时的控制具有重要的参考价值。     

考虑运动模式的无人船航迹实时跟踪控制算法

因无人船航迹数据数量级较大,导致现有航迹跟踪算法的跟踪控制误差较大,难以满足现今航运业的需求。故设计了考虑运动模式的无人船航迹实时跟踪控制算法。首先定义无人船运动模式,并根据运动模式相关定义构建无人船航迹描述模型。以此为基础,依据运动模式将无人船轨迹划分为3个集合,提取相应运动模式下的轨迹特征属性,然后计算无人船航迹与期望航迹之间误差,再利用滑模控制器进行误差补偿,实现了无人船航迹的实时跟踪控制。实验结果显示:与现有算法相比较,本文算法横向位置误差降低了1.04 m,航向角误差降低了8.29°,舵角误差降低了8.86°,充分说明本文算法的控制性能更佳。     

基于多策略免疫遗传算法的无人艇航向自适应控制

针对无人艇在真实水面环境下的航向跟踪控制问题，提出一种基于多策略融合改进免疫遗传算法（MSFIGA）的无人艇航向自适应控制方法。首先，建立无人艇的二阶非线性运动模型和环境风浪流干扰模型。其次，提出一种基于多策略融合改进的免疫遗传算法，通过引入混沌初始化、向量角相似度及自适应差分接种等策略，改善基本算法收敛缓慢、易陷入局部最优的缺点；在此基础上，设计基于MSFIGA的无人艇航向自适应控制器及性能评价函数，以实现对无人艇控制参数的自适应优化。最后，通过对比仿真试验和在线仿真试验验证该方法的优越性和实用性。     

全廻转舵桨船航向控制研究

全回转舵桨船操纵机动性强,但航向稳定性差,在长程航行中尤其需要采用航向自动控制技术。针对双舵桨驱动的"润江1"科考船,将卡尔曼滤波器与模型预测控制器级联建立了适用于舵桨驱动船的航向控制系统,具备滤除高频波浪干扰并有效处置舵桨限制条件的功能。仿真测试和船模控制试验充分验证了上述系统的有效性,适用于舵桨驱动船的航向控制。     

基于LOS导航算法的无人船路径跟踪控制

为了解决无人船路径跟踪控制问题,提出基于视距导航算法（LOS导航算法）和模糊PID控制的自适应无人船路径跟踪控制方法。首先根据LOS算法将路径跟踪问题转化为航向控制问题,之后通过模糊PID控制算法进行无人船的航向控制。通过仿真表明所提出的算法路径跟踪精度高,横向偏移量小,跟踪路径平滑,对无人船的路径跟踪控制有一定的参考价值。     

基于非线性PID的船舶航向自动舵设计

本文针对线性Nomoto船舶运动模型,讨论了一种非线性PID船舶航向自动舵的设计方法,该非线性PID船舶航向自动舵设计简单,在航向自动舵传统PID设计方法的基础上,串连一项非线性函数便可实现,设计过程中需要合理的构造非线性函数。本文以大连海事大学实习船“育龙”号为例进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明非线性PID型控制比传统的PID型控制具有优越的动静态性能,鲁棒性能好。     

船舶航向内模控制方法

针对无人船传统航向控制方法中参数多,调参困难繁琐,且船舶在偏舵负载干扰下,航向稳定后存在稳态误差的问题,在二自由度控制方法的基础上,结合内模控制器,提出一种改进的二自由度内模直接控制方法,消除传统内模控制方法中的不稳定极点引起的静态误差,实现低精度模型的无静差航向控制,该方法不但减少控制器的可调参数,且整定容易。该控制结构将期望航向的跟踪性能与抗负载扰动性能解耦,单独设计调节。通过仿真,在有偏舵干扰时,与传统PID算法、传统内模控制器对比,该控制器在消除静态误差的基础上,具有超调量小,系统稳定更快的特点。     

无人水面艇航向航速协同控制方法

针对无人水面艇(USV)在未知干扰环境下的自主运动控制问题,研究基于模糊自适应算法的USV航向、航速协同控制方法。设计以航向角偏差量和直线距离偏差量为输入量,以及以舵角偏转控制量和油门开度控制量为输出量的模糊控制算法,并通过以航向角偏差率为输入量及以控制周期为输出量的自适应控制,使系统响应外部环境的变化。以抵达目标点的时间和舵角变化次数的加权最小值作为优化目标函数,分析论域、控制周期等参数对控制效果的影响。优化分析的结果表明:此方法在不同海面风、浪、流随机干扰的条件下,均能使无人艇抵达目标点,实现点对点的自主航行。     

船舶轨迹运动控制方法改进研究

分析了船舶轨迹控制的直接法和间接法的特点,提出综合航向控制与航迹控制,利用航向差与航迹角度差的变化,调整航向差与航迹角度的相互关系来控制舵角,达到消除航迹偏差的控制目的。通过实船试验,验证了此方法简单实用、控制精度高、灵活性强的特点,特别是在复杂条件下,此法避免了大量的力学分析和算法推演,只考虑各种因素对船舶的实际影响结果,控制效果明显。     

大型船舶自动舵系统精准智能航向控制研究

为保持船舶在指定轨迹上航行,目前使用最为广泛的技术是船舶航向自动舵控制系统。基于航行安全和节约成本的考虑,船舶航行对自动舵的精确度提出了越来越高的要求。目前,通常采用船舶操纵运动模型研究船舶自动舵控制系统。通过分析船舶运动及其受到干扰力作用的情况,建立船舶控制系统数学模型。本文结合PID控制、模糊控制和粒子群算法,分析研究船舶航向自动舵控制系统。     

基于驾驶实践的无人船智能避碰决策方法

[目的]为实现沿海无人驾驶船舶自主航行,充分考虑无人驾驶船舶智能避碰决策的合理性和实时性后,提出并建立一种基于驾驶实践的无人船智能避碰决策方法.[方法]首先,以本体论为基础,设计无人驾驶船舶航行态势本体概念模型,并结合《国际海上避碰规则》及良好的船艺将船舶航行态势量化划分为12种会遇场景;然后,从驾驶实践的角度改进影响...     

基于多目标遗传算法舵鳍联合减摇系统能量优化研究（英文）

Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.     

基于改进的视线导引算法与自抗扰航向控制器的无人艇航迹控制

[目的]无人艇(USV)在复杂环境情况下会出现偏离目标航线的情况,为提高水面无人艇的抗干扰能力及实际航行的稳定性,实现对航迹的准确控制,提出一种改进的无人艇航迹控制方法.[方法]根据导航信号受环境影响的情况,对GPS信号有效和无效2种情况下的航迹控制分别进行分析,在自主可控平台上设计并实现了基于模糊控制可变船长比的视线...     

A novel tracking control approach for unmanned underwater vehicles based on bio-inspired neurodynamics

A novel hybrid control approach is presented for trajectory tracking control of unmanned underwater vehicles in this paper. The kinematic and dynamic controllers are integrated by the proposed control strategy. The paper has two objectives. Firstly, an improved backstep method is proposed to generate the virtual velocity using a bio-inspired neurodynamics model in the kinematic controller. The bio-inspired neurodynamics model is intended to smooth the virtual velocity output to avoid speed jumps of the unmanned underwater vehicle caused by tracking errors and to meet the thruster control constraints. Secondly, a new sliding-mode method is added to the dynamic controller, which is robust against parameter inaccuracy and disturbances. The combined kinematic–dynamic control law is applied to the trajectory tracking problem of two different types of unmanned underwater vehicle. Finally, simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

基于舵角信息的航向修正和横漂速度估计算法研究

阐述了舰船在机动情况时舵角反馈信号对航向精度的提高以及对横漂速度的估计作用,结合舰船的运动模型和航向角H与舵角β的关系模型,考虑横漂速度对舰位的影响,引入舵角反馈信息,建立了有舵角反馈信息参与的kal-man滤波模型,并利用Matlab软件将有/无舵角信息参与的kalman滤波模型进行了比较,结果显示有舵角信息参与的kal-man滤波模型效果较好。     

A proposal for propulsion performance prediction of a single-propeller twin-rudder ship

The influence of a rudder’s axial force on the prediction of full-scale powering performance of a ship is investigated in this paper. Axial force characteristics of different rudder types were investigated by open water experiments. Viscous scale effects on the rudder’s axial force were investigated by carrying out open water experiments with different sizes of rudder. Experiments were carried out in the towing tank for a model ship fitted with different rudder systems to investigate the influence of rudder’s axial force on full-scale propulsion performance prediction. Based on the experiment results, a new prediction method is proposed for estimating full-scale power that considers scale effect on rudder’s axial force. Good performance of the proposed prediction method is demonstrated by estimating the engine power of a ship installed with a special high lift twin-rudder system from model experiments and comparing it with the values measured on the ship during full-scale experiments.     

35000吨肥大船浅水操纵性能改进

本文叙述浅吃水肥大船的操纵性改进试验研究，采取安装不同的稳定鳍，采用西林舵和鱼尾组合舵，增大舵面积等改进措施，通过自由自航模的常规试验和淌航试验，比较了每一单项改进措施对船舶浣操纵性指标及淌航操纵性指标的定量影响。     

Manoeuvring characteristics of twin-rudder systems: rudder-hull interaction effect on the manoeuvrability of twin-rudder ships

With a recent increase in ship capacity and propulsion performance, a wide-beam ship fitted with a twin-rudder system has been adopted in many cases. However, to improve ship manoeuvring, it is still necessary to have a better understanding of rudder-hull interactions in twin-rudder ships. Captive model tests (oblique towing and circular motion test) as well as free-running tests with a single-propeller twin-rudder ship and a twin-propeller twin-rudder ship are carried out. The effect of drift angle on the rudder forces and some peculiar phenomena concerning rudder normal force for twin-rudder ships are evaluated. A method for estimating the hull-rudder interaction coefficients based on free-running experimental results is proposed.     

Application of H∞ control in rudder/flap vector robust control of a ship''s course

Given the uncertainty of parameters and the random nature of disturbances that effect a ships course, a robust course controller should be designed on the basis of rudder/flap vector control. This paper analyzes system uncertainty, and the choice of weighting functions is also discussed. When sea waves operate on a ship, the energy-concentrating frequency varies with the angle of encounter. For different angles of encounter, different weighting functions are designed. For the pole of a nominal model existing in an imaginary axis, the bilinear-transform method is used. The "2-Riccati" equation is adopted to solve the H∞ controller. A system simulation is given, and the results show that, compared with a PID controller, this system has higher course precision and more robust performance. This research has significant engineering value.