国六重型柴油车DPF再生排放特性研究

基于大量国六重型柴油车实际道路排放测试数据,文章选取了四辆测试过程中DPF(柴油机颗粒捕集器)主动再生的样车。样车DPF主动再生完毕后,进行正常状态下的实际道路排放测试。对比样车DPF主动再生与正常状态下的排放测试数据,结果表明,相比于正常状态,样车DPF主动再生时,NOX和PN均不满足国六排放法规要求,NOX升高了5.8~29.4倍;PN升高了14.0~7148.9倍;CO没有一致的变化趋势;CO₂升高了6.3%~24.2%;油耗升高了16.2%~32.8%;动力性不变。     

柴油车DPF系统的OBD故障诊断策略研究

在国六排放法规对OBD的要求和OBD诊断原理基础上,分析了OBD系统构成与功能模块。针对国六排放标准下OBD对DPF系统的关键功能性诊断,基于AVL BOOST仿真模拟了DPF堵塞、破损和被移除故障下的故障特征与敏感程度,并据此提出了相应的诊断策略。结果表明:DPF前、后温度的相关性和压降对各故障表现出了较好的敏感程度,可以作为OBD诊断策略区分压差传感器合理性故障与DPF破损、堵塞、移除的依据。     

浅谈博世国六DPM+DPF技术

2018年6月27日,国务院发布《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》(以下简称《行动计划》)。《行动计划》指出,2019年7月1日,重点区域(京津冀及周边地区、长三角地区、汾渭平原等区域)、珠三角地区、成渝地区提前实施国六排放标准,并表示自2019年1月1日起,全面供应符合国六标准的车用汽柴油,停止销售低于国六标准的汽柴油。随着国六排放法规的实行,对于广大的汽车维修人员来说,做好国六技术的学习尤为重要。今天,小轨就带大家了解一下博世国六DPM+DPF技术。     

降怠速工况DPF再生温度及排放特性研究

基于某国六柴油机搭建后处理系统试验台架,研究了堇青石DPF在急降怠速(DTI)过程中的主动再生特性,探究了碳载量对DTI再生温度特性的影响以及DTI试验后的DPF瞬态排放特性。结果表明：DTI再生过程中载体内部温度分布极不均匀,峰值温度出现在DPF后端的中环处;碳载量对DTI再生温度及PM和PN排放有显著影响,当碳载量达到7 g/L时,峰值温度达到1 394.1℃,最大温度梯度达到139.0℃/cm, PN排放超过国六限值10倍以上,而PM排放虽有明显升高,仍在较大裕量内满足国六限值。当超过堇青石陶瓷材料的耐受温度和温度梯度极限时,DPF具有很大的熔化和开裂风险,需要合理选取再生极限碳载量以保证可靠性。     

满足国六排放法规的重型车用柴油机开发

介绍1款在现有无废气再循环(EGR)系统且满足国五排放法规的柴油机基础上进行升级,以满足国六排放法规的柴油机。达到国六排放法规的首选柴油机技术路线是采用EGR系统和具有高转换效率的集成式后处理系统。开发结果表明,采用EGR 系统可以显著降低柴油机氮氧化物(NOx)原始排放,但同时会增加颗粒物(PM)排放。采用高压喷射可以明显改善发动机PM排放,通过进气节流可明显提高柴油机小负荷时的排气温度,确保柴油机选择性催化还原(SCR)系统的高效运行,并有效降低NOx尾管排放。此外,采用柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)是目前降低柴油机PM尾管排放最有效的措施。     

基于模型的国Ⅵ重型柴油机DOC辅助DPF系统控制策略研究

由于国Ⅵ排放法规的加严,本文研究了氧化催化器(DOC)辅助微粒捕集器(DPF)排放控制策略,并用模型实现仿真测试及试验验证。试验结果表明,本文的DOC辅助DPF系统控制策略估算DPF当前碳载量误差在允许范围内,模型DPF温度曲线与实际传感器温度曲线吻合度良好,能很好地完成再生。     

不同海拔下国六柴油机性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于高原环境模拟试验台架,研究了不同海拔下国六柴油机全负荷和40%负荷工况下的动力性、经济性及排放特性,同时探讨了4 000 m海拔下发动机持续运行在低转速大负荷工况柴油机颗粒物捕集器(DPF)堵塞的可能性。结果表明:全负荷和40%负荷工况下随着海拔的上升,发动机的进气流量、空燃比、有效热效率,排气氧浓度、排气压力呈非线性减小,有效燃油消耗率、排气温度、NO排放呈不同幅度增加;动力性、经济性下降明显,排放性能恶化;全负荷工况对海拔的变化更加敏感,特别是低转速和高转速的性能降幅较大;国六柴油机在4 000 m海拔下持续运行在低转速大负荷工况,DPF内大量颗粒物沉积但再生困难,较短时间内被堵塞。     

满足国Ⅴ排放的重型柴油机排气后处理技术

研究了国外重型发动机在欧Ⅳ到欧Ⅴ阶段(或US2007到US2010)的技术路线,并探讨国内重型柴油机达到国Ⅴ排放可采用的排气后处理技术方案。由于柴油机排放物PM与NOx存在折中效应,为达到国Ⅴ排放标准,应采用组合式后处理技术。在各种后处理技术方案中,SCR+DOC+DPF/POC和EGR+DOC+DPF是两种主要的技术措施,而LNT+DOC+DPF技术对排气中的S特别敏感。     

国六重型柴油机车新增功能及故障仪表报警指示解析

1 DPF再生技术概述 大量的颗粒堆积并堵塞DPF,造成排气背压增加,导致发动机动力性能和经济性能恶化.因此,DPF必须及时清除附着的颗粒,这就是DPF的再生,参见图1. DPF再生分为被动和主动再生,被动再生一般是指在过滤体表面涂覆催化剂或在燃油中添加催化剂以降低颗粒的氧化反应温度(前者在国四、国五单一使用较多),主...     

重型柴油车DPF工作原理及再生逻辑研究

壁流式DPF因其特殊的结构,已成为重型柴油机国Ⅵ阶段降低颗粒物排放的主要措施,文章通过研究DPF结构、工作原理、DPF各阶段再生的反应机理以及控制逻辑,为相关从业人士提供参考。     

基于国六标准工况的重型柴油机PN排放特性研究

搭建柴油机排放测试平台,探究某重型柴油机在国六阶段瞬态循环和稳态循环试验中颗粒数目的排放特性。结果表明:无论是瞬态循环还是稳态循环,柴油机颗粒数排放都与其DPF碳载量密切相关。     

Performance of radial-type metal foam diesel particulate filters

An analytical study of the performance of a radial-type, metal foam diesel particulate filter is reported. A mathematical model for the filtration and regeneration of soot in a metal foam filter was developed. Nickel foam was selected for the filter medium due to its large specific area, high porosity, and high thermal resistance. For various metal foams, the filtration efficiency and the pressure drop through the filter were calculated, as was the deposition of soot. The results from the analytical model were compared with experimental data. In comparison with a conventional wall flow filter, the metal foam diesel particulate filter (DPF) is effective in utilizing the volume of material, due to the porous structures. As the size of the metal foam pores in the DPF increases from 580 μm to 800 μm, the filtration efficiency decreases from 90% to 50%, and the pressure drop decreases from 380 mbar to 20 mbar. The metal foam DPF with a large pore size is effective in utilizing the volume of material with a small pressure drop. The regeneration is completed within four minutes by the flow of hot exhaust gases under full load conditions.     

Carbon Deposit Incineration During Engine Flameout Using Non-Thermal Plasma Injection

In order to investigate the influence of initial regeneration temperatures on diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration, an experimental study of DPF regeneration was implemented using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, aided by exhaust waste heat after engine flameout. DPF trapping characteristics and carbon deposit mass were discussed to facilitate further data analysis and calculation. DPF regeneration was then investigated by comparison analysis of deposit removal mass, backpressure drop, and internal temperature change. The results revealed that a large amount of particulate matter (PM) was deposited in DPF with a high filtration efficiency of about 90 %. The deposit removal rate and percentage drop of the backpressure both maximized at the initial temperature of 100 °C. During DPF regeneration, the sharp rise of internal temperature indicated vigorous PM incineration and high CO₂ emission. The results successfully demonstrated DPF regeneration using non-thermal plasma injection during engine flameout, and prominent heat durability was achieved in this method.     

面向控制的DPF再生效率建模和试验研究

对柴油机颗粒物捕集器(DPF)的再生效率进行实时和准确的在线预估,可为DPF热再生结束的控制提供判断依据,是实现DPF系统化和高效应用的重要功能.本文基于热再生过程中DPF内碳烟颗粒的氧化反应机理探讨并建立了DPF再生效率计算模型,通过发动机台架试验对模型的化学反应动力学参数进行了校核和辨识,从而得到DPF内碳烟颗粒热...     

采用燃烧器+氧化催化器的柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生控制策略的研究

设计了一种车载全流式燃烧器,从增压柴油机的涡轮增压器取出新鲜空气,从回油管路取油供给燃烧;将该装置安装在排气管尾端使捕集器进行再生.在燃烧器和捕集器之间增加氧化催化器,实现了在发动机所有稳态工况下捕集器的复合再生.在排气背压的再生控制策略基础上,根据经验公式对背压值进行温度修正,将三维背压MAP简化为二维,提出"恒温定时"的复合再生控制策略,分析了控制策略在不同工况区域的运用,给出了再生过程分析实例.对既定的控制策略进行了实车试验,结果表明微粒排放达到了国Ⅳ标准.     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

Estimation of soot oxidation rate in DPF under carbon and non-carbon based particulate matter accumulated condition

By high particulate matter(PM) reduction performance, diesel particulate filter(DPF) is applied to almost all of modern HSDI diesel engine. PM emitted from diesel engine is consist of carbon based and non-carbon based material. Representative carbon based PM is soot. Non-carbon based PM is produced by wear of engine and exhaust component, combustion of lubrication oil and sulphur in fuel. Accumulation of non-carbon based PM affects pressure difference of DPF and thus accuracy of soot mass estimation in DPF can be lowered during normal and regeneration condition when the pressure difference caused by non-carbon based PM is not recognized correctly. Also unevenly accumulated PM inside of DPF can produce locally different exhaust gas temperature and thus it can lower accuracy of soot mass estimation during regeneration. This study focuses on estimation of soot oxidation rate not by conventional pressure difference but by exhaust gas analysis at up and downstream of DPF. Results, strong correlations between CO₂ -fuel mass ratio and soot oxidation was observed.     

一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法

氧化催化器(DOC)出口温度控制是实现颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生控制的关键。本文介绍一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法,首先结合DOC系统的实际特征以及DOC传热及化学反应特性建立了一阶延迟DOC出口温度模型,然后在温度模型基础上基于神经网络建立了DOC出口温度预测模型,最后将DOC出口温度预测值作为闭环反馈输入建立反馈控制器计算HC喷射量进而控制DOC出口温度。本方法采用整车试验中连续变化工况来验证,试验结果表明DOC出口温度在DPF再生过程中控制在600±20℃范围内,满足DPF精确再生控制要求。     

Investigation of particle emission characteristics from a diesel engine with a diesel particulate filter for alternative fuels

Particle number measurement is a new approach to determine emission, which may be more accurate at very low emission levels than when using gravimetric measurements. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of fuel properties on the performance, combustion process, regulated gaseous emissions and particle number emissions of a diesel engine with an uncatalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF). The effect of the filter on the particle size distribution was reported. The DPF number-based filtration efficiency in terms of number efficiency and fractional efficiency for petroleum diesel fuel and two alternative fuels, BTL and GTL, were analyzed. For nearly all test modes, the filter had a higher number efficiency for diesel than for BTL and GTL. The DPF fractional efficiency showed it was highly dependent on fuel type and varied widely at each size range. For diesel, the filter fractional efficiency was sufficiently high and behaved as predicted by filtration theory. For BTL and GTL, the fractional performance of the filter decreased when unexpectedly low efficiencies within the nuclei mode were exhibited. This research will be helpful in understanding DPF number-based filtration performance for alternative fuels and will provide information for the development of particulate emission control technology.     

柴油机颗粒物后处理技术综述

通过调研国内外文献,介绍了柴油机颗粒物污染现状、颗粒物后处理技术、壁流式颗粒捕集器(DPF)的工作原理、材料和结构类型、捕集器再生技术和控制策略等。堇青石陶瓷壁流式DPF具有成本和性能方面的优势,占据主要市场份额,再生技术是DPF应用的关键。与主动再生技术相比,被动再生具有结构简单、节约油耗等优势,可通过涂敷催化剂、前置DOC和辅助主动再生等方法确保再生效果。