船舶在大风浪中安全航行的探讨

海船在航行过程中可能遇到各种各样的复杂局面,如雾中航行、冰区航行、大风浪区航行、狭水道及危险航区航行等等.航海驾驶人员和有关科技工作者对此总结出了许多有益的经验及理论,笔者将围绕船舶在大风浪中安全航行提出如下探讨.     

空载船舶的安全航行

1空载船的船况和操纵性 空载船是指船舶没有装载货物或压载的状态。空载时的排水量是其满载排水量的1／4至1／2。在适当压载和无大风浪的情况下．车和舵效反应快，操纵较灵敏。     

船舶在风浪中航行的失速计算

该文较详细地介绍了船舶在风浪中航行时产生失速的原因,并根据20艘船舶的86航次的海洋气象导航实际航行资料,进行了数理统计分析,拟合出一个“船舶失速”的新计算公式,解决了我部海洋气象导航优选航线工作中的一项技术难题,对提高气导航线的设计精度和在计算机上引用起了重要作用.     

船舶在风浪中航行失速问题探讨

阐明了船舶失速的产生原因，介绍了确定船舶失速的数学模型和优缺点。     

大风浪航行体会

大风浪航行影响船舶的航行速度、船员的正常工作以及正规望,不利于航行安全。以本公司船舶为例对大风浪进行界定,并重点分析做好大风浪航行前各项准备及大风浪航行中保障工作要点,为船舶大风浪中安全航行提供依据。     

太平洋上的132天漂泊

一艘渔船在风暴中失去动力,随浪漂流,船上四名萨摩亚渔民只能乞求大海的怜悯。     

揭开魔鬼海城——龙三角的神秘面纱

千百年来,在人们的内心深处,潜藏着对浩瀚海洋的畏惧。尽管人类进入文明社会后有无数的船只航行在大洋之上,但直到今天仍然有两个海域令航海者们谈之色变,其中一个是尽人皆知的"魔鬼百慕大"而另一个的名气虽没有前一个大,,但它的"杀伤力"却绝不逊于前者。在这里,船只神秘失踪、潜艇一去不回、飞机凭空消失……令这片海域拥有了"太平洋中的百慕大三角"的恶名,被称为"最接近死亡的魔鬼海域"和"幽深的蓝色墓穴"。它就是尚不为人所知的———日本龙三角。     

中国借海加速对接东盟

10月29日，“中国-东盟港口发展与合作论坛”在广西南宁举行，中国与东盟各国交通部长共同发表了《中国-东盟港口发展与合作联合声明》，又称“南宁共识”。11月2日，第六届东盟-中国交通部长会议在新加坡召开，《东盟-中国海上运输协议》正式签署。中国与东盟在港口、海运合作方面的突破。为中国与东盟的经贸合作增添了强劲动力。     

先进的单人驾驶船舶技术

随着船舶设计与制造技术的不断进步,继周期性无人机舱技术之后,又一种先进的船舶技术--单人驾驶船舶(one man bridgeoperated ship)技术已经成熟并受到世界航运界的关注和欢迎.     

海洋世纪海的梦--访海洋物理学家苏纪兰院士

当前,各国科学家竞相进行太空探索,这当然有必要,但不可否认的一个事实是,人类热衷于研究其他星球的同时,对地球本身仍缺乏足够的认识,至少对地球上的海洋来说,情况确实如此。正如美国海洋生物学家西尔维·埃勒所说,“我们关于海底的知识还不如火星的多”。21世纪是海洋的世纪,新的海洋大战一触即发。前不久,记者在杭州采访了中国海洋物理学家苏纪兰院士,随着话题的逐渐深入,一个更为广阔的海洋画卷在记者眼前展开……     

Navigating Institutional Constraints in the Process of Computational Environmental Modeling

Abstract

The use of computational models has proliferated in the last few decades due to the practical benefits that they offer in terms of understanding complex systems. However, the process of developing a computational model is not only shaped by scientific and practical concerns. Modelers must also navigate the institutional structures in which the models are constructed and implemented. In the process, they must often draw upon existing or create new social relationships that can, themselves, alter the institutional structures they are attempting to navigate. In this article, I use an ethnographic approach to examine three examples in which the process of building and implementing a computational model was constrained by institutional factors and the strategies the modelers used to navigate them. The research was conducted with computational modelers at the Chesapeake Bay Program who are involved in constructing the Chesapeake Bay modeling system for nutrient management in the watershed. Modelers in this context had to: build relationships with the broader scientific community to reinforce the “believability” of the model, draw upon institutional relationships in order to work around limitations on data-sharing between organizations, and manage differing incentive structures to motivate and coordinate the research needed to complete the model     

平潭海峡大桥桥区船舶通航安全模拟试验关键技术分析

分析平潭海峡大桥桥区船舶安全通航论证及试验工作中船舶操纵模拟器的运用、模拟试验电子海图的开发、模拟试验的要求与内容,分析通航试验结果,提出可行性建议.     

船舶穿越白令海峡与冰区航行

本文结合“埃德蒙顿”轮在白令海冰困遇难的教训，建议船舶谨慎进入白令海峡，同时对穿越白令海峡的船舶应作的准备、冰中航行的方法以及冰困后的救助措施进行了论述，希望对提高船舶穿越白令海峡的安全有所帮助。     

一种新型的舰船抵滩航渡管理系统

介绍了一种舰船抵滩航渡管理系统的组成和功能。对舰船航渡、抵滩过程的航泊安全、航线优化及管理进行了研究,给出了该系统几个关键技术的解决思路和方法,可为舰船抵滩航渡方案的制定和实施、舰船抵滩航渡的安全组织和管理提供技术支持。     

狭水道中航行船舶间距控制的研究

船舶在狭水道中航行,合理的船间距对于船舶的安全营运非常重要.本文通过分析新航向距离,并结合船间效应给出了船舶的最近会遇距离,得出了狭水道内航行的最小船间距的计算公式,为船舶驾驶员的进出港操纵及港口调度的人员提供参考.     

采用沿岸动力概念以减少埃及红海海域高速船燃料消耗与降低排放(英文)

The progress of economic globalization,the rapid growth of international trade,and the maritime transportation has played an increasingly significant role in the international supply chain.As a result,worldwide seaports have suffered from a central problem,which appears in the form of massive amounts of fuel consumed and exhaust gas fumes emitted from the ships while berthed.Many ports have taken the necessary precautions to overcome this problem,while others still suffer due to the presence of technical and financial constraints.In this paper,the barriers,interconnection standards,rules,regulations,power sources,and economic and environmental analysis related to ships,shore-side power were studied in efforts to find a solution to overcome his problem.As a case study,this paper investigates the practicability,costs and benefits of switching from onboard ship auxiliary engines to shore-side power connection for high-speed crafts called Alkahera while berthed at the port of Safaga,Egypt.The results provide the national electricity grid concept as the best economical selection with 49.03 percent of annual cost saving.Moreover,environmentally,it could achieve an annual reduction in exhaust gas emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,P.M,and SO2by 276,2.32,18.87,0.825 and 3.84 tons,respectively.