Design Consideration and Reconstruction Method for Double-source Double-multislice Spiral CT

To accelerate the scan speed and improve the image quality, a new type of CT configuration, "double-source double-multislice spiral CT" (DSDMS-CT), which is based on two sets of single-source multislice spiral CT was proposed with a special reconstruction algorithm. Simulation results using the fan-beam filtered backprojection algorithm with a special interpolation method were presented for both single-source multislice spiral CT and DSDMS-CT. The results of new CT model show that it scans faster than the traditional spiral CT and has a better slice sensitivity profile (SSP) with larger pitch value.     

基于帧缓存的多角度影像精细纹理映射方法

三维建筑物模型纹理映射方法通常针对单独平面选取单一影像投影,然而单张关联影像通常存在部分遮挡问题,影响纹理映射质量. 为此,本文提出一种基于帧缓存纹理绘制技术的多角度影像精准纹理映射方法. 首先将单体化精细建筑模型和倾斜摄影测量解决方案生成的三角网模型配准,再根据建筑模型空间特征进行纹理绘制基元提取;然后根据纹理绘制基元对三角网模型生成虚拟渲染相机,利用帧缓存纹理绘制方法,获取帧缓存对象并提取纹理,最后通过纹理绘制基元映射到精细建筑物模型表面,实现三角网模型到精细单体化建筑模型的自动纹理映射. 利用倾斜摄影测量数据进行实验,实验结果表明,相比传统方法,本文方法减少了14%以上的不良纹理比率,纹理空间压缩率达到14.21%,且具有更精确的纹理映射效果,能满足精细建筑模型的纹理重建需求.      

单幅图像融合参考模型的三维人脸重建

基于单幅图像的三维人脸重建以其数据获取简易而具有广阔的应用前景.本文提出了一种融合参考模型的方法实现基于单幅图像的三维人脸重建,其主要思想是以球面调和函数表示图像的光照模型,从而建立图像的光照信息与深度信息之间的解析关系;进而可基于参考模型的深度信息获得输入图像的近似光照系数,再根据近似所得的光照系数恢复其深度信息.该法不仅可完全自动化地实现,而且因不需要多个人脸模型的信息而优于基于统计模型的三维重建;由实验中对不同库中人脸图像及真实采集的人脸图像进行重建的结果发现,本文提出的重建方法是切实可行的.     

DIRECT VOXEL-PROJECTION FOR VOLUMETRIC DATA RENDERING IN MEDICAL IMAGERY

IntroductionWith the development of medical imagingtechniques,many devices such as computed tomo-graphy,positron emission tomography,singlephoton emissioin computed tomography,magneticresonance imaging,and ultrasound scanners arewidely available for capturing the planar images ofhuman organs directly in machine- readable form.These medical imaging methods bring a lot of ad-vantages to clinical diagnosis and treatment.How-ever,due to these systems'2 - D imaging modali-ties,it is difficult to un…     

基于互信息快速算法的多模医学图像配准

互信息作为相似性测度在多模医学图像配准领域得到了广泛应用,具有高精度和稳健的特点.但频繁的互信息计算降低了配准效率,同时对两幅图像重叠区域比较敏感.采用归一化互信息为测度,降低互信息计算中灰度级的快速算法,通过多模CT/MRI配准实验证明,可以在确保配准精度的同时缩短时间提高配准效率.     

MUTUAL INFORMATION BASED 3D NON-RIGID REGISTRATION OF CT/MR ABDOMEN IMAGES

Introduction　　 Automating medical image registration is be-coming an increasingly important goal. It formsthe basis of image processing techniques to com-bine information from the different modalities,which are now frequently acquired for many pa-tients. Such combined representations of patientimages have been shown to assistin the interpreta-tion of the complementary information provided bythe modalities[1,2 ] .　　 A variety of imaging modalities gives insightto different parameters and in…     

Synthetically Evaluation System for Multi-source Image Fusion and Experimental Analysis

Introduction The image fusion technology produces a singleimage from a set of input images. The fused imageshould have more complete information which ismore useful for human or machine perception.With the merits of high degree of system explo-ration, automation, availability, reliability, capa-bility and low cost, it boasts broad application per-spective in many fields such as computer vision,automatic object detection, image processing, par-allel and distributed processing, robotics and re-m…     

基于MATLAB的真空开关电弧图像处理

为了滤除在应用CCD对真空开关电弧图像诊断时带来的各种噪声影响,增强真空开关电弧图像的特征细节,提出了运用MATLAB对真空开关电弧图像处理的方法.运用中值滤波方法对电弧图像中椒盐噪声干扰处理;然后运用坎尼算子对电弧图像边缘进行了检测;最后对电弧图图像灰度变换增强处理.结果表明：通过MATLAB图像处理技术使真空开关电弧图像在主观视觉和客观标准评价上均取得良好效果,为其形态及内部等粒子体参数的诊断提供了有效的手段.     

主动脉夹层在磁共振T1W/TFE脉冲序列中的影像表现

目的　用T1W /TFE序列对主动脉夹层进行检查 ,观察主动脉夹层在T1W/TFE序列中的图像表现。方法　 2 0例经CT及超声证实为胸主动脉夹层的患者 ,进行主动脉斜矢状位T1W /TFE序列和横轴位自旋回波SE序列的磁共振成像 ,观察T1W /TFE序列显示动脉夹层的信号变化。结果　采用T1W /TFE序列不仅可清晰显示主动脉夹层的内膜斑片和真假两腔及夹层的起点和终点 ,还可显示主动脉内膜破口和假腔内血栓。结论　T1W/TFE序列可获得良好的主动脉夹层影像 ,其图像的对比度高。与SE序列配合应用 ,能为临床治疗提供可靠的信息。     

Hepatic CT image query based on threshold-based classification scheme with gabor features

Hepatic computed tomography(CT) images with Gabor function were analyzed.Then a threshold-based classification scheme was proposed using Gabor features and proceeded with the retrieval of the hepatic CT images.In our experiments, a batch of hepatic CT images containing several types of CT findings was used and compared with the Zhao's image classification scheme, support vector machines(SVM) scheme and threshold-based scheme.     

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在基于数字图像处理的车牌识别技术的研究过程中,因为车牌定位和字符分割一般都是基于车牌区域的二值化结果进行的,因此对图像的二值化是非常关键的一步,二值化的效果直接影响到后面的车牌定位以及字符分割。二值化最主要的是阈值的确定,文章对比了几种常规的车牌图像全局阈值二值化处理算法,并重点分析了最大类间方差法和KSW 最大熵法的基本原理和微机仿真结果,发现用于车辆图片是这些方法不够理想,然后提出一种新的方法—基于图像直方图波形分析的车牌图像二值化处理算法,经过大量试验证明该算法在进行车牌图像二值化处理时效果非常理想。     

基于DenseNet结构的轨道暗光环境实时增强算法

车载视觉系统是未来城市轨道交通安全运行的重要保障，列车在封闭环境或夜间运行时所处的弱光照环境会严重影响车载视觉系统的检测效果. 为此，提出了一种针对铁路封闭环境或夜间行车环境下低照度图像的实时视觉增强算法. 该算法以密集连接网络（densely connected network，DenseNet）结构为骨干网建立特征尺寸不变网络，提取图像光照、颜色等信息输出光照增强率图，并基于非线性映射函数调整每个像素的光照强度，通过分级结构将低照度输入图像的曝光率由低层到高层不断增强. 建立的深度学习网络模型采用自监督的方式训练网络参数，利用低照度图像自身特征和先验知识构建损失函数，其由曝光损失、色彩恒定损失及光照平滑度损失3个分量组成. 多种场景下的低照度增强实验结果显示:本文算法能够对输入图像曝光值进行自适应，对低曝光以及高曝光区域动态调整曝光率从而改善低照度图像的可视化效果，处理速度能够达到160帧/s，满足实时性处理的要求；通过在低照度增强前后的轨道分割及行人检测算法性能对比实验证明:所提出的算法能够大大提高暗光环境下的视觉检测效果，在RSDS （railroad segmentation dataset）数据集中轨道分割F值提高5%以上，在轨道场景下行人检测误检率及漏检率均有效降低.      

Face Hallucination with Weighted Nuclear Norm Constraint

Face hallucination via patch-pairs leaning based methods has been wildly used in the past several years. Some position-patch based face hallucination methods have been proposed to improve the representation power of image patch and obtain the optimal regressive weighted vector. The rationale behind the position-patch based face hallucination is the fact that human face is always highly structured and consequently positioned and it plays an increasingly important role in the reconstruction. However, in the existing position-patch based methods, the probe image patch is usually represented as a linear combination of the corresponding patches of some training images, and the reconstruction residual is usually measured using the vector norm such as 1-norm and 2-norm. Since the vector norms neglect two-dimensional structures inside the residual, the final reconstruction performance is not very satisfactory. To cope with this problem, we present a weighted nuclear-norm constrained sparse coding (WNCSC) model for position-patch based face hallucination. In addition, an efficient algorithm for the WNCSC is developed using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the method of augmented Lagrange multipliers (ALM). The advantages of the proposed model are twofold: in order to fully make use of low-rank structure information of the reconstruction residual, the weighted nuclear norm is applied to measure the residual matrix, which is able to alleviate the bias between input patches and training data, and it is more robust than the Euclidean distance (2-norm); the more flexible selection method for rank components can determine the optimal combination weights and adaptively choose the relevant and nearest hallucinated neighbors. Finally, experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms the related state-of-the-art methods in both quantitative and visual comparisons.     

Image series segmentation and improved MC algorithm

A semiautomatic segmentation method based on active contour is proposed for computed tomography （CT） image series. First, to get initial contour, one image slice was segmented exactly by C-V method based on Mumford-Shah model. Next, the computer will segment the nearby slice automatically using the snake model one by one. During segmenting of image slices, former slice boundary, as next slice initial contour, may cross over next slice real boundary and never return to right position. To avoid contour skipping over, the distance variance between two slices is evaluated by an threshold, which decides whether to initiate again. Moreover, a new improved marching cubes （MC） algorithm based on 2D images series segmentation boundary is given for 3D image reconstruction. Compared with the standard method, the proposed algorithm reduces detecting time and needs less storing memory. The effectiveness and capabilities of the algorithm were illustrated by ,experimental results.     

Mutual information optimization based dynamic log-polar image registration

Log-polar transformation(LPT)is widely used in image registration due to its scale and rotation invariant properties.Through LPT,rotation and scale transformation can be made into translation displacement in log-polar coordinates,and phase correlation technique can be used to get the displacement.In LPT based image registration,constant samples in digitalization processing produce less precise and effective results.Thus,dynamic log-polar transformation(DLPT)is used in this paper.DLPT is a method that generates several sample sets in axes to produce several results and only the effective results are used to get the final results by using statistical approach.Therefore,DLPT can get more precise and effective transformation results than the conventional LPT.Mutual information(MI)is a similarity measure to align two images and has been used in image registration for a long time.An optimal transform for image registration can be obtained by maximizing MI between the two images.Image registration based on MI is robust in noisy,occlusion and illumination changing circumstance.In this paper,we study image registration using MI and DLPT.Experiments with digitalizing images and with real image datasets are performed,and the experimental results show that the combination of MI with DLPT is an effective and precise method for image registration.     

Automatic Airway Deletion in Pulmonary Segmentation

A method of removing the airway from pulmonary segmentation image was proposed. This method firstly segments the image into several separate regions based on the optimum threshold and morphological operator,and then each region is labeled and noted with its mean grayscale. Therefore, most of the non-lung regions can be removed according to the tissue‘s Hounsfield units (HU) and the imaging modality. Fifially, the airway region is recognized and deleted automatically through using the priori information of its HU and size. This proposed method is tested using several clinical images, yielding satisfying results.     

基于X-ray CT的沥青混合料计算机辅助设计技术的研究进展

利用X-ray CT技术,获取沥青混合料内部结构组成,分析体积参数,进而完成沥青混合料的计算机辅助设计的研究已成为沥青路面技术领域的关注热点.重点介绍了在利用X-ray CT进行沥青混合料体积组成分析与差异性物质辨识、混合料内部结构组成的三维图像重构、沥青混合料性能的虚拟试验等方面研究时存在的问题和可能的解决方法.同时,提出了进一步研究所需要解决的一些关键技术,给出了一个技术路线图以供日后的研究参考.     

基于多层B样条插值的干涉合成孔径声纳配准偏移量插值算法

针对干涉合成孔径声纳对配准精度要求较高而局部配准偏移量相差比较大的问题,提出采用多层B样条曲面插值实现配准偏移量的插值,既保证配准偏移量的插值精度,又能保证拟合曲面的光滑性。采用仿真数据和实际干涉合成孔径声纳数据验证了算法的性能,结果表明,提出的插值算法能有效提高插值精度和图像的相干系数,且能达到实时处理要求。     

提升高精度图像弱目标视觉质量的高效压缩算法

为了实现对高精度图像进行高效压缩,同时确保重建图像的弱目标区域有较好的保真效果,提出了一种提升弱目标区域质量的基于误差优化编码的高精度图像压缩算法. 首先,使用JPEG-LS （joint photographic experts group lossless）压缩算法对图像数据进行压缩,在游程编码过程中自适应地选择需要二次编码的误差数据,并完成了基于视觉质量的非均匀量化;其次,对量化值进行数据分解,去除量化值之间的相关性,并对分解后的数据进行MQ算术编码的熵编码;图像重建时根据量化间隔重建反量化值,并设计了反量化优化和滤波优化过程;最后,将本文算法与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000 （joint photographic experts group 2000）算法进行了性能比较,结果表明:本算法能够实现高精度图像数据的高效压缩,且复杂度低,易于硬件实现,虽然引入了误差数据二次优化编码等过程,但增加编码的数据量较小,故与JPEG-LS算法的压缩速度相当,然而比JPEG2000算法的压缩速度提升4.47倍;同时有效减少了常规算法造成的信息损失,重建图像的峰值信噪比与JPEG-LS、JPEG2000相当或略低,但弱目标区域的视觉质量及保真效果更好.      

基于车载连续序列图像的道路曲率计算方法

提出一种基于车载连续序列图像的道路曲率计算方法.算法首先利用车载视 觉系统进行内外参数标定实现对路面车道线的三维重建,利用三维重建误差模型对重建 的数据点进行误差估计,并对数据点进行选弃.对序列图像中路面车道线重建出来的曲线 采用ICP 算法进行曲线匹配,并将匹配后的曲线映射到统一的参考坐标系中.最后利用匹 配曲线上的数据点进行圆周拟合,计算道路曲率.实验中利用真实的车载连续序列图像对 算法进行验证.针对曲率半径分别为96 m和430 m两段不同程度的弯道,利用本文算法计 算对应道路的曲率半径.结果表明,本文算法能够精确地计算出不同弯道的道路曲率,特 别是针对平缓弯道的曲率计算,比基于单幅图像的曲率计算方法更加准确与稳定.