基于压缩感知和字典学习的背景差分法

针对当使用背景差分法时,背景存在突变和渐变、图像数据的冗余和伪前景对目标检测的干扰等问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示和字典学习的背景差分法。该方法首先训练视频流得到其数据字典,并根据数据字典学习与稀疏表示理论建立背景模型,可以有效减少数据的冗余。然后根据目标及其邻域的密集度进行目标分割,以排除前景的干扰。最后再根据数据字典的更新算法,有效解决了背景的突变和渐变问题。实验结果表明,该方法具有可行性。     

Weak correlation dictionary construction method for sparse coding

For sparse coding, the weaker the correlation of dictionary atoms is, the better the representation capacity of dictionary will be. A weak correlation dictionary construction method for sparse coding has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, a new dictionary atom initialization is proposed in which data samples with weak correlation are selected as the initial dictionary atoms in order to effectively reduce the correlation among them. Then, in the process of dictionary learning, the correlation between atoms has been measured by correlation coefficient, and strong correlation atoms have been eliminated and replaced by weak correlation atoms in order to improve the representation capacity of the dictionary. An image classification scheme has been achieved by applying the weak correlation dictionary construction method proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that, the proposed method averagely improves image classification accuracy by more than 2%, compared to sparse coding spatial pyramid matching (ScSPM) and other existing methods for image classification on the datasets of Caltech-101, Scene-15, etc.     

基于结构性字典学习的高光谱遥感图像分类

为提高高光谱遥感图像的分类精度,提出了一种新的结构性稀疏表示及字典学习的高光谱遥感图像分类方法.该方法能同时利用高光谱遥感图像像素间的空间及光谱关系得到表示每个像素的字典,被划分为同一像素组的像素具有通用的稀疏模式;由字典计算图像的稀疏表示系数获得遥感图像的稀疏表示特征;利用线性支持向量机算法实现对高光谱遥感图像的分类.对AVIRIS和ROSIS高光谱遥感图像进行的实验结果表明:提出的方法比普通字典学习分类精度分别提高0.041 1和0.046 6,Kappa系数分别提高0.179 3和0.056 3.      

一种基于稀疏表示的交通图像去噪算法

将图像稀疏表示方法引入到交通图像处理中,实现了一种基于K-SVD的正交匹配追踪的交通图像去噪算法.该算法通过奇异值分解,DCT字典进行自适应更新,形成更能表示图像结构的超完备字典.实验结果表明,相对于传统图像增强方法(中值滤波、均值滤波、基于小波滤波)和基于DCT冗余字典的稀疏表示图像增强方法,该算法能更有效地去除交通图像噪声,得到更高的峰值信噪比.     

稀疏表示的人脸识别及其优化算法

稀疏表示的本质就是稀疏正规化约束下的信号分解。提出一种改进的正交匹配追踪算法,使运算量较高的矩阵求逆运算转变为轻量级的向量运算或向量与矩阵的运算,可以加快逆矩阵和大矩阵乘积的求解。将此算法应用于稀疏表示的人脸识别,探讨并验证了稀疏阀值的设置和训练字典的选择对人脸识别率和识别速度的影响。     

GNN-CRC: Discriminative Collaborative Representation-Based Classification via Gabor Wavelet Transformation and Nearest Neighbor

Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) is a distance based method, and it obtains the original contributions from all samples to solve the sparse representation coefficient. We find out that it helps to enhance the discrimination in classification by integrating other distance based features and/or adding signal preprocessing to the original samples. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the CRC method which uses the Gabor wavelet transformation to preprocess the samples and also adapts the nearest neighbor (NN) features, and hence we call it GNN-CRC. Firstly, Gabor wavelet transformation is applied to minimize the effects from the background in face images and build Gabor features into the input data. Secondly, the distances solved by NN and CRC are fused together to obtain a more discriminative classification. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed method for face recognition with different instantiations. The experimental results illustrate that our method outperforms the naive CRC as well as some other state-of-the-art algorithms.     

基于TQWT和稀疏表示的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

基于稀疏表示理论,提出了一种采用可调品质因子小波变换(TQWT)的滚动轴承故障诊断新方法,分析了包含早期故障成分的原始采集振动信号的特点和早期故障信号的特性,研究了稀疏表示模型在解决故障特征提取问题和故障类型识别问题的应用;运用TQWT将原始信号转换为一组子带小波系数集,研究了利用迭代收缩阈值算法提取出稀疏小波系数的有效性和谱峭度对故障冲击信号敏感的特性,通过计算各子带信号分量的谱峭度,选取包含故障信息明显的子带小波系数,建立了包含稀疏故障信号分量的故障特征提取方法;利用提取出的故障信号稀疏表示分类模型,实现了基于稀疏表示的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。试验结果表明:在凯斯西储数据集上,提出的故障特征提取方法在剔除干扰成分方面有显著效果,提出方法对于4种类型数据的平均诊断准确率为99.83%,对于10种类型数据的平均诊断准确率为97.73%;与只运用TQWT和迭代收缩阈值算法进行故障特征提取的方法相比,故障诊断精度提高了11.60%,算法运行时间减小8%;在QPZZ-Ⅱ旋转机械平台采集到的振动数据集上,提出的方法对于4种类型数据的平均诊断准确率为100%;与传统小波去噪方法相比,准确率提高了35.67%,算法运行时间减小了7.25%。可见,本文提出的方法可以有效解决滚动轴承故障诊断问题。      

自适应冗余字典学习的高光谱混合像元解混

针对线性稀疏解混模型无法准确识别真实端元造成丰度估计误差较大的问题,本文提出一种基于自适应冗余字典的高光谱混合像元解混算法.该算法根据地物在空间上的连续性,以及高光谱数据中信号成分与光谱库中物质光谱的强相关性,首先保留每个像元在光谱库上投影系数大于设定阈值所对应的光谱,将其作为与每个像元信号成分最匹配的光谱集合;然后合并该集合以构建高光谱数据的自适应冗余字典;最后利用ADMM算法求解高光谱数据在该字典上的丰度矩阵.仿真和实际高光谱数据实验结果表明,本文所提出的算法可减小丰度估计误差,在信噪比为15~35 dB时,其丰度估计准确性高于性能较优的SUnSAL算法约1~2 dB.      

一种基于稀疏表达和光流的目标跟踪方法

提出一种将稀疏表达技术融入到传统光流算法的目标跟踪方法.首先使用FAST和Harris算法在视频序列的每一帧中为光流算法采集运动目标的特征点,之后光流算法基于后向跟踪-形心配准的方法对跟踪目标完成粗略定位.在当前帧的粗略定位处应用仿射变换产生N个候选区域.最后应用稀疏表达技术判断出与原始目标匹配率最高的仿射变换区域做为最终目标跟踪区域.实验结果表明,该算法既能较好地适应目标的外观变化,又具有较强的抗遮挡能力,鲁棒性强.     

An information-based color feature representation and its application in detecting adult images

For many image classification tasks, color histogram is usually employed as an important “signature” to describe the color distribution of the image and infer the image content. However, most traditional color histograms cannot achieve satisfactory results in many image classification systems. In order to improve the accuracy and reduce the computational complexity of the classification task, an information-based color feature representation is proposed in this paper. The mutual information between the feature and the class label is adopted to evaluate the discriminative power of the feature. A novel quantization scheme is presented, which removes the redundant color components and combines the adjacent components together to generate a new feature to maximize the discriminative ability. An iterative algorithm is performed to derive the color space quantization and color feature generation. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed color representation, a specific image classification task, i.e., differentiating the adult images from benign ones, is employed. Experimental results show that our color feature achieves better classification performance and better efficiency compared with the traditional color histogram.     

层次极限学习机用于高光谱图像预测绝缘子污秽度

高光谱图像具有图谱合一、光谱范围广及分辨率高等优势，能精细化地反映物质微观特性. 为此，引入高光谱成像技术以非接触式预测绝缘子污秽度. 考虑到极限学习机具有学习效率高和泛化能力强等优点，提出基于正则化约束极限学习机的绝缘子污秽度预测（extreme learning machine-insulator pollution degree prediction，ELM-IPDP）模型. 此外，为进一步提升预测性能，引入层次极限学习机从复杂的高光谱图像中学习出有效、抽象、判决性特征表示，继而建立基于层次极限学习机的绝缘子污秽度预测（hierarchical ELM-IPDP，HELM-IPDP）模型. 在不同的训练集与测试集比例和不同隐含层神经元个数的情况下分别进行实验，从实验结果可知:ELM-IPDP模型和HELM-IPDP模型的预测性能基本上随着隐含层神经元个数和训练样本的增加而不断提高；当训练集与测试集比例为9∶1时，ELM-IPDP模型的均方根误差和相关系数分别为0.040 3和0.944 7，而HELM-IPDP模型的均方根误差和相关系数分别提升到0.022 3和0.972 0.      

基于压缩传感的交通流量数据压缩方法

为准确获得用于数据压缩的变换矩阵,引入了基于压缩传感的交通流量数据压缩方法,在数据压缩端无需考虑变换矩阵的选择问题,直接通过高斯投影实现高效数据压缩。首先验证了交通流量数据在经过K-SVD方法训练过的字典上能够实现稀疏表达;然后在数据压缩端,通过具有限制性等距条件的随机矩阵将原始高维数据投影到低维空间上,实现数据的高效快速压缩;最后在数据传输后,通过凸优化算法在交通信息处理端完成数据解压缩。以美国某高速公路线圈传感器采集到的交通流量数据,对本文方法进行了验证。试验证明:该方法能够实现快速高效的压缩编码,当压缩比为4∶1时,解压缩相对误差仅为0.060 8。     

基于上下文自编码的船舶行为语义表征

考虑船舶行为的时序相关性，提出了一种基于上下文自编码的船舶行为语义表征(SRCAE)模型；提取船舶经度、纬度、航速、航向等行为特征参量，建立了行为特征序列；借助连续词袋模型将行为特征序列划分为中心船舶行为和上下文船舶行为，利用深度自编码网络构建了船舶上下文行为的语义表征模型，将得到的中心船舶行为编码作为表征向量输出，通过聚类算法构建船舶行为词典；选取长江口南槽交汇水域作为研究对象，利用船舶自动识别系统产生的数据对提出的模型和方法进行了验证。分析结果表明:所提出的SRCAE模型能有效表征船舶行为之间的上下文联系，与传统自编码器和长短期记忆网络自编码器等模型相比SRCAE模型具有更低的表征误差；分别采用k均值(k-Means)、高斯混合模型(GMM)与核k均值(Kernel k-Means)3种聚类算法提取船舶行为词典，与原始数据相比SRCAE模型产生的表征向量更易于区分不同船舶行为模式，其中k-Means效果最优，轮廓系数、卡林斯基-哈拉巴斯指数和戴维森堡丁指数指标分别达到了0.384、18.308、0.531，共产生转向加速、转向减速、直行加速、直行减速等30种复合行为，有效提取了不同行为模式下船舶行为词组合关系。      

A Two-Stage Feature Selection Method for Text Categorization by Using Category Correlation Degree and Latent Semantic Indexing

With the purpose of improving the accuracy of text categorization and reducing the dimension of the feature space,this paper proposes a two-stage feature selection method based on a novel category correlation degree(CCD)method and latent semantic indexing(LSI).In the first stage,a novel CCD method is proposed to select the most effective features for text classification,which is more effective than the traditional feature selection method.In the second stage,document representation requires a high dimensionality of the feature space and does not take into account the semantic relation between features,which leads to a poor categorization accuracy.So LSI method is proposed to solve these problems by using statistically derived conceptual indices to replace the individual terms which can discover the important correlative relationship between features and reduce the feature space dimension.Firstly,each feature in our algorithm is ranked depending on their importance of classification using CCD method.Secondly,we construct a new semantic space based on LSI method among features.The experimental results have proved that our method can reduce effectively the dimension of text vector and improve the performance of text categorization.     

Power transformer fault diagnosis model based on rough set theory with fuzzy representation

Objective Due to the incompleteness and complexity of fault diagnosis for power transformers, a comprehensive rough-fuzzy scheme for solving fault diagnosis problems is presented. Fuzzy set theory is used both for representation of incipient faults＇ indications and producing a fuzzy granulation of the feature space. Rough set theory is used to obtain dependency rules that model indicative regions in the granulated feature space. The fuzzy membership functions corresponding to the indicative regions, modelled by rules, are stored as cases. Results Diagnostic conclusions are made using a similarity measure based on these membership functions. Each case involves only a reduced number of relevant features making this scheme suitable for fault diagnosis. Conclusion Superiority of this method in terms of classification accuracy and case generation is demonstrated.     

Orthogonal discriminant improved local tangent space alignment based feature fusion for face recognition

Improved local tangent space alignment (ILTSA) is a recent nonlinear dimensionality reduction method which can efficiently recover the geometrical structure of sparse or non-uniformly distributed data manifold. In this paper, based on combination of modified maximum margin criterion and ILTSA, a novel feature extraction method named orthogonal discriminant improved local tangent space alignment (ODILTSA) is proposed. ODILTSA can preserve local geometry structure and maximize the margin between different classes simultaneously. Based on ODILTSA, a novel face recognition method which combines augmented complex wavelet features and original image features is developed. Experimental results on Yale, AR and PIE face databases demonstrate the effectiveness of ODILTSA and the feature fusion method.     

基于双目视觉系统的运动目标跟踪算法研究

双目视觉系统能有效获取运动目标的三维信息，实现对运动目标的准确实时定位追踪，一直以来，都是学术界和工业界长期关注的焦点．本文对双目视觉系统组成部分的相关研究进展进行了系统分析，论述了现有的相关算法和基本机制．同时，结合当前稀疏表示的快速发展，阐述了稀疏表示在运动目标跟踪方面发展的可能性，对该领域有待进一步的研究方向和可能的解决方案给出一些建议．     

基于原子分解的辐射源信号二次特征提取

提出了基于原子分解的辐射源信号二次特征提取方法.在过完备多尺度Chirplet原子库基础上,首先用匹配追踪(MP)方法进行信号时频原子分解,并通过改进的量子遗传算法(IQGA)降低MP搜索过程的时间复杂性,得到表示雷达辐射源信号特征信息的最佳Chirplet原子.在此基础上,降低特征参数的维度,提取最具分类意义的原子特征向量.对5种典型雷达辐射源信号的特征提取实验表明,提取的原子特征类内聚集性强、类间分离度大,证实了本文方法的可行性和有效性.     

海量数据的均匀稀化

为了给后续曲面重构提供合适、均匀分布的数字化型面,从激光测量数据的特点出发,即测点本身趋于均匀分布的情况下,根据古典概率提出了平面数据均匀稀化的4种方案;然后,在曲面局部趋于平面的假设下,又将平面稀化方案扩展到三维空间.由于稀化过程中不需要考虑曲面的具体特征,给实际操作带来了极大的方便.对3个实测数据点的稀化测试,也进一步验证了本文提出的算法是行之有效的.     

驾驶人手机通话行为中基于图像特征决策融合的手势识别方法

为鲁棒检测自然环境中驾驶人的通话行为, 提出了一种驾驶人手机通话手势的识别方法。运用Adaboost算法检测驾驶人面部区域, 在YC_gC_r色彩空间中分别对面部肤色亮度分量和色度分量进行稀疏网格间隔采样, 由此建立了肤色的高斯分布模型; 针对驾驶室光照强度的不均匀性, 提出了肤色分量的漂移补偿算法, 建立了适应光照变化的在线肤色模型, 以准确分割左右手部肤色区域; 运用HOG算法获取手部肤色区域的2 376维HOG特征向量, 运用PCA方法将HOG特征降至400维; 同时提取手部肤色区域的PZMs特征, 并采用Relief算法筛选出权重最大的8个PZMs特征向量, 建立了融合PCA-HOG特征和Relief-PZMs特征的通话手势支持向量机分类决策。试验结果表明: 基于PCA-HOG特征的手势识别率为93.1%, 对光照变化的鲁棒性较好, 但易受到手部与头部转动的干扰; 基于Relief-PZMs特征的手势识别率为91.9%, 对于头部与手部姿态的耐受度较好, 但光照鲁棒性较差; 基于PCA-HOG和Relief-PZMs多元特征融合方法的手势识别率达到94.5%, 对光照波动、手部与头部转动等干扰条件具有较好的适应性。