Slamming and Green Water Loads on Bow-Flare Ship in Regular Head Waves Investigated by Hydroelasticity Theory and Experiment

With the development of ships towards large scale, high speed and light weight, ship hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed to predict ship motion and load responses in harsh regular waves.Hydrostatic restoring force, wave excitation force and radiation force are calculated on the instantaneously wetted body surface to consider the nonlinear effects caused by large amplitude motions of ship in steep waves. A twodimensional(2 D) generalized Wagner model and a one-dimensional(1 D) dam-breaking model are used to estimate the impact loads caused by bow flare slamming and green water on deck, respectively; the impact loads are coupled with the hydroelastic equation in time-domain. Moreover, segmented model tests are carried out in a towing tank to investigate the wave and slamming loads acting on the hull sailing in harsh regular head waves and also validate the numerical results.     

Dynamic response of warship structure under air non-contact explosion

The ship hull is simplified as a free beam with varying sections. Based on hydroelasticity and explosion mechanics theory,mechanical model and kinetic equation for hull girder vibration under non-contact explosion are established. The equation is solved by Wilson-θ algorithm. On the basis of the above principles,a structure kinetics analysis program is compiled. The dynamic response of supposed warship under air explosion is calculated conveniently and quickly. Under the explosion condition designed in the paper,the positive pressure period of non-contact explosion wave is much less than the natural periods of the first four modes of hull girder and the resonance of ship girder overall vibration can be avoided. The ratio of midship maximum moment to ultimate bearing strength under non-contact explosion accelerates with the increment of impact factor.     

船舶进出港低速航向保持

为了在船舶进出港时,船舶处于浅水域并以低速航行,在风、浪等强扰动作用下,增强航向控制性能,减小能源损耗,选择三阶Nomoto模型,将航速和水深变化反映到模型参数的变化上,基于闭环增益成形算法设计出一种具有适应性的鲁棒PID控制器,建立基于风、浪干扰的非线性船舶运动数学模型,并用S函数来实现。用PID控制器对非线性船舶运动数学模型进行控制,在Simulink环境中对各种水深、船速及海况进行航向控制仿真。从仿真曲线可看出其航向跟踪效果良好,静差为0,且施舵合理,所设计的控制器对非线性船舶运动数学模型具有良好的控制性能。     

基于Pareto蚁群算法的船舶风险规避路径优化

船舶在海上航行时,一直面临着海上运输风险的威胁,为了降低海上运输风险同时考虑船舶经济效益,本文建立了以运输风险最小和航行成本最小的双目标路径优化模型,实现船舶风险规避.运用栅格法构建环境模型,为相应的栅格路径赋予航行成本和运输风险,并设计了一种基于Pareto最优解集和NSGA小生境方法的多目标蚁群算法.以印度洋海域的2条航线为案例,以经典单目标蚁群算法为对比,验证了模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,该模型和算法在解决船舶风险规避路径优化问题上具有良好的效果,能为决策者制定船舶海上运输风险规避路径提供决策参考.     

规则波中船舶运动六自由度数学模型

为了提高船舶操纵模拟器的精度,应用船舶操纵性分离建模理论,基于傅汝德-克雷诺夫假设,将船舶近似为箱型船,估算波浪对船舶六自由度运动的干扰力与力矩,并将波浪的干扰力与力矩作为外力与力矩的一部分,叠加到分离型船舶运动数学模型中,建立了船舶在规则波作用下六自由度船舶运动的数学模型,给出5级海况下船舶全速旋回运动响应的时间历程仿真曲线.仿真结果显示:仿真结果与相关文献结果相近,运动趋势一致,能够满足大型船舶操纵模拟器对船舶运动数学模型仿真的精度要求,同时船舶运动数学模型由3自由度增至6自由度,提高了模拟的逼真度.     

Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Roll Amplitude on Roll Damping

An in-house large eddy simulation(LES) code has been developed in the previous study. In order to validate the code for simulation of roll motion, effect of roll amplitude on forced roll damping is experimentally investigated in a circulating water channel at Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU). KRISO very large crude carrier 2(KVLCC2) is taken as a target ship, and a model with a scale of 1 : 128.77 is manufactured. Tests are carried out for the ship model at shallow draft with frequencies around its natural roll frequency, where natural roll frequency is attained via free roll decay. Six forced roll tests with roll amplitudes ranging from 1?to 4?are performed experimentally, and three forced roll motions are simulated with the in-house LES code for middle section of the ship model. Discrepancies between the computed roll damping coefficients and the ones from forced roll tests are quite small. By means of particle image velocimetry(PIV), velocity fields in the vicinity of the ship model, and generation and evolution of vortices near the ship bilge are measured in detail. It is shown that roll amplitude has a significant effect on the vortex behavior, and therefore on the magnitude of roll damping coefficient. Further experimental and numerical investigation into roll motions with large amplitudes is planned.     

双销式江海直达顶推船组(队)的减阻设计研究

双销式江海直达顶推船组(队)的减阻问题是一个值得探讨的研究课题.为满足船组(队)的耐波性能,与推船联结的江海驳尾部通常设计成凹槽尾形,导致在联结区域产生较大的形状阻力.文中针对(1)江海驳尾部凹槽的长度区间;(2)推、驳联结区域的线型设计;(3)江海驳尾部凹槽的选形与加装导流板等方面开展船组(队)的减阻设计与试验研究.     

大风浪中航行船舶的危险度估算模型

根据风险分析理论,结合模糊综合评定数学模型,提出了一种对大风浪中航行船舶的危险度进行定量估算的模型。在进行了大量的专家问卷调查后,得到了客滚船“燕京”轮在大风和大浪的作用下,可能发生不同等级事故的模糊关系矩阵,对该轮在大风浪中的不同航行方案进行了危险度的实际计算。结果显示,当该轮遇到大风浪时,按正常航线行驶,发生事故的风险度较大;按习惯的北上避风方案绕航,风险度最小;而按以上两方案的折衷方案行驶,有较大风险。此方法可以较好地对船舶在大风浪中的危险状况进行定量、直观地描述,可供船舶驾驶员和船舶安全管理者用来掌握大风浪中航行船舶的风险状况,进而有效实施风险决策。     

基于朴素贝叶斯算法的船舶异常行为监测

随着海事事故与海上违法行为的不断增多,智能的监控方法成为降低海事事故,打击海上违法行为的有效手段.同时,船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)的普及及船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic Service,VTS)的扩建,又为智能监控提供了数据支持.鉴于此,利用船舶自动识别系统提供的数据,分析通航水域船舶信息的分布情况,根据其概率分布采用朴素贝叶斯算法,从船舶航速、航向及距航道边界距离3个方面,构建船舶异常行为检测模型.最后,以成山角通航水域为例,检验模型的有效性.实验结果表明,构建的模型能够有效地完成异常行为监测,减少海事监管人员的工作强度,同时根据实验结果分析了成山角水域船舶航行的特点,并对成山角定线制提出合理化建议.     

长江城背咀河段滩险整治船模通航试验研究

城背嘴滩位于长江上游泸渝河段泸县弥沱镇附近.该滩上段紧接一半径仅220m的急弯,是泸渝段著名的弯、浅险滩.本文介绍的长江城背咀河段滩险整治船模通航试验表明,80m航漕方案与60m航漕方案均可满足1000t级船队通航要求,但各有优缺点.80m航漕方案航漕流速稍高于60m航漕方案,因而船队上行航速略低;但从冲淤的角度来讲,80m航漕方案略优.船模试验还对船队的航线和驾驶方式等提出了意见.船模试验为该滩整治提出了有价值的成果.     

江海直达顶推船组波浪联结力的影响要素研究

江海直达顶推运输方式是实现江海直达运输的有效途径之一.波浪联结力的影响要素研究是与顶推船组的耐波性能密切相关的关键技术之一.文中借鉴收集的船模试验数据,构建波浪联结力与主要影响要素之间的非线性模型,采用非线性的神经网络方法对波浪联结力的主要影响要素进行比较研究.     

向家坝水电站施工大桥船模通航指数模拟分析

金沙江向家坝大桥的通航条件较为复杂,为了研究论证向家坝大桥的通航条件及布置优化措施,确保船舶顺利过坝,进行金沙江向家坝大桥通航船模试验研究。根据船模实验最高安全限值的要求,通过对试验成果的分析,提出最佳航线、驾驭方式和航行难点,并最终给出推荐方案以及建议。     

船舶航行安全影响因素量化分析

为了保障海上船舶航行安全,采用构建船舶航行安全影响因素鱼骨图,利用模糊层次分析法对环境条件、交通调查中船舶行为基本要素进行量化分析.运用交通模型研究不同自然环境条件下的船舶安全航行方法的特点,对基于海上船舶密度、航迹分布、交通流、交通量和船速分布、船舶到达规律、交通容量、船舶行为、船舶管理等基本要素,进行数学方法的定量...     

基于实船测试的散货船舱段直接计算方法研究

在实船测试的基础上,对测试船舶建立舱段有限元模型.按照实船测试时的海况对舱段模型施加相应波浪载荷.提出了用舱段两端独立点A、B支反力等效舱段两端的剪力的方法.将仿真结果与实船测试应力值进行比较,在4波谷工况下仿真结果与实船测试值吻合较好,验证了舱段仿真结果的准确性,同时验证了支反力等效剪力的有效性.     

Long-term performance prediction of oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion at actual seas

In order to raise ship energy efficiency, the possibility of wave energy recovery by a pair of coil-spring connected oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion in waves is investigated. A frequency domain hydrodynamic model based on potential theory is established to predict the effect of the oscillating wings on the ship in regular waves, in terms of reducing wave-added resistance and improving seakeeping performance. The proposed linear model is suitable for short-term prediction based on conventional spectral analysis techniques, thus making it possible to evalute the long-term performance of oscillating wings for assisting ship propulsion at actual seas based on wave statistics. A sample containership is adopted to study the performance of the proposed concept. The results show that the oscillating wings can effectively reduce the added resistance of the ship at actual seas. The feasibility of this green ship technology is proved.     

重庆市短途区间客船的安全隐患与对策

针对重庆市短途区间客船的安全隐患及其相关需求,为保障沿河两岸群众的安全出行、巩固水上交通安全形势;讨论了重庆市短途区间客船的现状,含区域分布特征、航区特征、船龄特征等;分析了短途区间客船的安全隐患及其对策,涉及稳性、结构强度、操纵性及GPS系统;提出了短途区间客船安全性技术改造的目标、原则、措施、范围与计划;并对短途区间客船的安全性改造提出了建议。     

船舶碰撞诉讼中采证对象的确定及其法律效力

船舶碰撞诉讼中采证对象的确定由包括事实推定和司法认知在内的诸多客观事项所决定。这是船舶碰撞诉讼活动和船舶碰撞诉讼证据的内在特性所使然。考察船舶碰撞诉讼活动中采证对象的法律效力,是以对各种常见船舶碰撞诉讼证据的证明能力和证明力的探悉为基础的。     

提高海员有效交流能力——谈谈我国现行航海英语教学与考试制度

针对当今海员国际化现状,通过案例和国际上对海员“有效交流”能力的要求等,阐述了船上船员之间以及船岸之间进行有效交流的重要性,从而阐明作为海员交流媒介的航海英语的重要性,分析了我国现行航海英语教学和考试方面存在的不足,提出了笔者关于改进航海英语教学与考试制度的建议,以期提高海员有效交流能力．     

涪江过军渡电航枢纽工程总体布置研究

根据过军渡电航枢纽工程水工模型试验,论述了上下游引航道口门区泥沙淤积与通航水流条件的变化,研究了船闸引航道的平面布置及不同通航流量情况下设计船队在船闸上下游引航道口门区及连接段的航行情况和航行要素,优化进出闸航线,并配合通航水流条件的观测对船闸引航道平面布置提出修改意见,从而选出通航条件好、工程量小、河道演变较稳定的推荐方案。     

基于船舶安全评估的“之”字航法研究

本文依据综合评价水面船舶耐波性的方法所得到的数据,结合大风浪中的"之"字航法,将计划航向与操纵航向联系起来,讨论了通过"之"字航法提高船舶耐波性后,量化分析距离的增加和需要转向的度数,从理论上找到"之"字航法的使用时机。