It's a Wonderful Coast or,Every Time a Bell Rings,Long Island Sound is Protected

In Frank Capra's classic film It's a Wonderful Life, a despondent man takes a journey to see what life would have been like without him: the journey paints a bleak picture. In true Hollywood form, he is ultimately reassured of his impact even though his accomplishments were immeasurable. The film's protagonist, George Bailey, is the perfect metaphor for Connecticut's Coastal Management Program. The Program can measure quantifiable elements: the number of site plans reviewed, number of permits issued, acres of tidal wetlands restored. But coastal managers often lose sight of the accomplishments and ripple effects of management, possibly because accomplishments are taken for granted. Perhaps the true value of coastal management programs lies in that intangible, immeasurable idea of what coasts would be like without them.

This article takes readers on a George Bailey–esque journey by identifying the Connecticut Coastal Management Program's accomplishments since its adoption in 1980, reviewed in the context of several questions: What if the Program had never been adopted? What would public access look like? How many acres of tidal wetlands would be lost to development or Phragmites invasion? Hopefully, the results of the exercise will put coastal management into better context and highlight the successes.     

MINOE: A Software Tool to Analyze Ocean Management Efforts in the Context of Ecosystems

Transitioning ocean governance into an integrated ecosystem-based approach requires improved knowledge of existing governance arrangements. This article presents a software tool, MINOE, to assist policymakers, scientists, and others involved in ecosystem-based management initiatives to navigate through management documents as they relate to a user-defined ecosystem. The tool uses a conceptually modeled ecosystem, defined by the user, and text analysis of a set of management-related documents to determine which ecosystem linkages are potentially acknowledged in the documents. For illustration, the set of documents included with MINOE currently (and used to demonstrate the software in this article) are laws and regulations from four geopolitical jurisdictions for the year 2006; however, users may also import other documents for a more tailored application. Features include an interactive matrix containing results about the set of management documents within the user's scope and scale of interest. In addition, MINOE includes metrics and visualization tools to synthesize information derived from the documents. The article presents the software tool, describes potential uses for the tool, and ends with a discussion of future work to expand the program.     

涡河航道浅滩-深槽生境恢复措施效果研究

为了满足绿色发展的需要,近年来在水运工程建设中常进行生境恢复措施减少对环境的不利影响。目前河道的生境恢复措施主要偏向于岸坡生态建设。根据涡河实际情况,针对“四大家鱼”、荆涂峡鲤、长吻鮠以及底栖生物,探究其水深、流速适宜性曲线,在此基础上建立生境恢复模型,并提出在河道建立浅滩-深槽交错分布的生境恢复措施。利用生境恢复模型,研究不同流量条件下浅滩-深槽生境恢复措施的工程效果。结果表明,浅滩-深槽生境措施实施以后能有效提高鱼类和底栖动物的生境适宜度,可以扩大其生境适宜区域。     

平陆运河裁弯取直工程的生态影响及修复方案研究

裁弯取直工程是内河航道整治中的重要措施之一,然而其在便利船舶航行的同时也会对原河道及牛轭湖的水生生态环境造成一定影响。针对裁弯取直工程生态影响及修复问题,通过对平陆运河裁弯取直工程量的分析,结合已有研究成果,提出裁弯取直工程将造成运河工程段主河道和牛轭湖内生物栖息地的破坏以及种群数量不同程度的减少。从制定生态保护方案、构建生物栖息地、开展施工江段增殖放流等3个方面提出裁弯取直生态影响的修复和减缓措施,并详细分析了生物栖息地筛选及构建方式,可为平陆运河绿色生态化有序发展提供参考。     

Research Review of Collaborative Ecosystem-Based Management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The welfare of the marine environment is threatened worldwide. In order to maintain ecosystem services management must shift from single sector to ecosystem approaches. To support this transition in marine management, this article reviews collaborative ecosystem-based management in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), through an overview and comparison of three collaborations on the United States West Coast of California, Oregon, and Washington. The achievements of these collaborations are demonstrated. Networking and extending collaboration throughout the entire region is shown to be essential for environmental conservation and sustainable development in the CCLME.     

The Elliott Bay/Duwamish restoration program: A status report

Injuries to natural resources from the release of hazardous substances into aquatic environments have led to hundreds of millions of dollars in compensatory damages awarded under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and other legislation. The institutional mechanisms for negotiating and carrying out the terms of CERCLA natural resource settlements are still in their infancy, and each case has a unique set of injuries, assigned damages, payout schedules, trustee council membership and operating procedures, and environmental conditions and constraints. One of the settlements that has made significant progress toward large‐scale habitat enhancement has occurred in Elliott Bay, a busy, seriously impacted urban harbor in Washington State. The Elliott Bay case is unique among natural resource injury settlements because of the active involvement of two local governments, the City of Seattle, and Metro, who were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on behalf of the natural resource trustees of Elliott Bay. Both local governments have maintained, and continue to operate, outfalls that discharge into Elliott Bay, and both entities were subject to attempts to recover damages under CERCLA. Following the filing of the lawsuit over injuries to the natural resources of the estuary, alleged to have resulted from the operation of these outfalls, the parties involved negotiated a consent decree settlement. The Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program has established a process to redress some of the injuries that were attributed to the operation of these outfalls.     

利用绝对盐度参数的海水盐度新计算方法

通过总结前人工作和理论分析,简要介绍了海水盐度传统定义方法及其优缺点;详细叙述了采用绝对盐度来表述海水盐度新定义方法;概括比较了盐度新定义对盐度旧定义的改进之处,与实用盐度标度相比,利用绝对盐度作为表述盐度的参数具有多方面的优点。介绍了1种绝对盐度估计方法,对其发展进行了展望。     

Estuary Management and Recreational Fishing Benefits

Recognition of the benefits to society supported by estuary ecosystem functions and services, and threats to these benefits posed by human activities, has led to various public programs to restore and protect estuaries at the federal, state, and local levels. As available budgets shrink, program administrators and public elected officials struggle to allocate limited restoration and protection funds to the highest priority areas. Economic benefit and cost information can provide useful inputs into this decision-making process by quantifying estuary restoration and protection benefits and costs in commensurate terms. In this paper, a combined actual and intended travel behavior model is described that can be applied to estimate the recreational fishing benefits of estuary restoration and protection. The model was estimated for recreational fishing in the Lower Atchafalaya River Basin estuary along the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana, USA coast. Changes in freshwater flows into this estuary may affect redfish and speckled trout game fish populations. The model indicates that changes in catch rates of these two species would have a relatively minor affect on annual fishing trips per angler. However, because total effects may be large when effects per angler are aggregated across total anglers, resource management agencies should consider these changes in recreation benefits when evaluating projects that influence the ecology of coastal estuaries, fish populations, and catch rates. Moreover, in other coastal areas or situations, the responsiveness of angling trips to changes in catch rates may vary because of differences in user populations, environmental conditions, fish populations, and fishing experiences.     

河口海区开挖航道后三维潮流盐度泥沙数值模拟

利用坐标变换法建立了三维潮流盐度泥沙数值模拟 ,解决了复杂边界的处理问题 ,并应用于伶仃洋航道的整治研究中 ,取得了满意的结果。航道中的含沙量、盐度分布与现场实测很吻合 ,模拟计算得出的航道一期工程开挖后的淤积量与现场实测结果十分接近。     

Successful Transplantation of a Fragmenting Coral,Montipora digitata,for Reef Rehabilitation

The scleractinian coral Montipora digitata (Acroporidae) is a common reef flat species that thrives under high levels of light and water turbulence, and propagates successfully by natural fragmentation. It was used for transplantation experiments in an attempt to restore a degraded lagoon environment in the northwestern Philippines. Branches about 5 cm high from a natural population in the lagoon were transplanted to dead coral outcrops or knolls in two locations (Binlab and Malilnep-Ac) with different environmental characteristics. Growth and survival were significantly better at Malilnep Ac, which resembled the natural habitat of the species more closely. Environmental conditions at this site also favored the establishment of a greater diversity of species around the coral transplants. There was no difference in performance between transplants on vertical and horizontal surfaces, and the transplants showed limited differences due to density within the experimental range. Significant survival of detached, transplanted colonies or fragments thereof around the bases of the experimental bommies at the more successful site was an additional positive outcome. Water motion showed significant effects on survival and growth, possibly enhancing the suitability of the more successful site for transplantation. These results demonstrate the potential of coral transplantation to initiate the establishment of natural communities in degraded reef areas, a concern for coastal managers in developing countries.     

全电力船智能诊断与恢复的系统设计

未来船舶综合电力系统(IPS)控件主要以电力电子器件的复杂拓扑结构、智能控制和其它不断演进的组件为特征。为了提高船舶综合电力系统的故障诊断和修复能力,为未来全电力船设计了一种智能诊断和修复系统。专家系统的基本准则和诊断的知识管理对于智能诊断与修复是极其重要的。     

山区河流泥石流灾害防治技术研究

为改善通航条件、提高航道等级,对山区河流泥石流灾害防治技术进行了研究.根据形成机理、运动规律、成灾机制、岸坡的地形地貌特点,把山区河流型泥石流分为坡面流和沟谷流;基于土质结构原理与岩土稳定理论,提出了修复植被、规范人类行为与截流排水、拦粗排细、转向导流等工程防治技术相结合的山区河流泥石流灾害的综合防治技术.结果表明,该...     

基于PLC的水盐度信号测量与处理系统的设计

根据水中电极的导电性受水盐度和温度影响特点,实验测量获得一组在水盐度和温度变化情况下电极对应的电阻值,同时设计基于单片机的硬件电路和编写相应软件程序,研制出工作可靠的盐度信号测量系统,供船用海水淡化装置和船用锅炉等自动监控设计者参考。     

长江口北槽近期盐度变化分析

根据1998年长江口深水航道治理工程开工以来的历次水文测验资料,从各个角度分析了近年来北槽航道内的盐度变化。     

Nearshore Restoration in Puget Sound: Understanding Stakeholder Values and Potential Coalitions

Restoration of nearshore ecosystems presents many challenges for stakeholder involvement. Using surveys and interviews we examined stakeholder values, preferences, and potential coalitions surrounding nearshore restoration in the Whidbey sub-basin of Puget Sound. Most stakeholders in our study believe that Puget Sound nearshore problems are severe and urgent, and that it is worth investing in restoration. They do not agree on the causes of nearshore degradation, yet support stronger regulatory enforcement and increased public ownership as possible solutions to nearshore problems. Five potential stakeholder coalitions were identified based on shared values. These values reflect a varied spectrum of support for public sector solutions to nearshore problems and were labeled: No Government Intervention, Property Rights, Private Land Stewardship, Protect Undeveloped Areas, and Large Scale Restoration. The potential coalitions identified confirm the Advocacy Coalition Framework hypothesis that coalition members who share values do not necessarily share stakeholder demographics or preferences. This study demonstrates one method for understanding local stakeholders, and will help managers direct project resources, planning, and management, through reliance on both stakeholder and scientific input. In addition, managers can use information about stakeholder values and potential coalitions to more effectively frame communication products and stakeholder involvement activities.