The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

船舶与海洋工程中的焊接变形预测方法研究概述

文章介绍了焊接变形预测理论的发展及现状,并将其归纳为基于实验和理论相结合的经验计算阶段、基于计算机数值模拟的模型分析阶段、基于新兴数据挖掘方法的研究应用阶段三个标志性阶段,详细论述了每个阶段预测技术在实际中应用的优劣.着重以BP、RBF人工神经网络为例阐述了神经网络等数据挖掘方法在焊接变形预测中的应用前景,并指出了目前存在的不足及未来亟待研究的方向.     

FPSO多点系泊技术的发展趋势

鉴于多点系泊系统在温和海域的适用性以及良好的经济性,采用专利挖掘与数据分析技术,分析FPSO多点系泊技术的发展趋势、主要专利权人和技术构成,并结合专利文本信息总结得出FPSO多点系泊技术的发展路线。结果表明,FPSO多点系泊领域内的专利申请集中在系泊控制和系泊装置。该结果可为我国FPSO多点系泊领域的技术发展提供建议。     

Coastal Zone Management: Using No-Build Areas to Protect the Shorefront

Five coastal counties in Florida were studied to assess the effect of state-mandated local comprehensive plan policies on hurricane evacuation clearance times and public shelter demand. Numbers of residential units in 2002 and at the time of plan approval were estimated from property parcel data. Abbreviated transportation models were used to calculate 2002 evacuation times and shelter demand and to ascertain the impacts of post-plan residential growth within hurricane hazard areas. Calculated increases in clearance times and shelter demand are not in concert with the state's mandate to maintain or reduce clearance times. State law currently limits the leverage of the state planning agency to compel local governments to implement the required comprehensive plan policies. We recommend a concurrency management strategy that parallels the state's requirement to provide adequate transportation facilities to accommodate the impacts of future residential growth. Such a policy could be employed in other states as well.     

来电显示电路的设计

根据现有的来电显示(CID)技术规范,利用ARM7、FSK制式的来电显示解码芯片MT88E39完成了主叫号码识别电路的设计和实现.介绍在IAR EWARM开发环境下进行C语言编程实现来电显示功能.     

Risk assessment of inland waterborne transportation using data mining

ABSTRACT

China has constructed a relatively complete inland waterborne transportation system. However, the frequent occurrence of inland water accidents with serious consequences, like the catastrophic Orient Star shipwreck, is an urgent unsolved problem. To reduce such accidents in the future and improve inland waterborne transportation safety, this study uses data mining, mainly containing text mining and association rule mining to risk assess China’s inland waterborne transportation, rather than the traditional quantitative risk assessment model. Text mining enables the risk factors to be objectively identified and distilled from accident reports. The potential relationships between risk variables are explored using association rule mining, based on the FP-Growth algorithm. The results reveal the essential problem facing China’s inland waterborne transportation system: frequent and varied ship accidents; key risk factors include overloading or improper loading, poor navigation visibility, inadequate sailor competence, and insufficient government supervision of shipowners and shipping companies. Combining the actual circumstances of inland waterborne transportation operations, this study proposes relevant recommendations for governments and relevant supervisory departments. The integrated application of text mining and association rule mining serves to avoid uncertainty and subjectivity, and achieve good results proving their scientific nature as a feasible method in water transportation risk research.     

Local environmental management—can it work? A case study of the Virginia Wetlands Act

Abstract

The Virginia Wetlands Act of 1972 provides the localities of Tidewater Virginia an opportunity to participate in the management of the state's coastal wetlands resources. This study attempts to analyze the effectiveness of this legislation and to examine the implications of a local management scheme for coastal resource management on a broader scale. Criteria are also established that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of such a law. When examined in the light of these criteria, the Virginia Wetlands Act emerges, for the most part, as an effective piece of environmental quality legislation that has had a significant impact on wetlands destruction in the state of Virginia. During the two‐year period following the passage of the Act, wetlands losses through the permitting process showed an 18‐fold decrease from previous estimates. The Wetlands Act appears to have been generally accepted by the public and has resulted in consistently uniform decisions, which have reduced wetlands losses without unduly restricting the necessary and legitimate development of the state's wetlands.     

LNG运输船BOG处理技术发展与演化路径研究

LNG运输船具有良好的发展前景,BOG的妥善处理是LNG燃料运输船安全航行的重要环节。通过专利数据挖掘与数据分析技术,归纳全球LNG运输船BOG处理领域的焦点技术和前沿技术,并且结合专利文本信息梳理出BOG处理技术的演化路径。研究结果发现,BOG处理领域内专利申请集中在回收利用方式、再液化装置及再液化处理方式三个方面。企业在今后发展中应针对涡轮布雷顿制冷技术进行重点研发和专利布局。     

Coastal zone management from an administrative perspective: A case study of the san francisco bay conservation and development commission

Abstract

Competent administration of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA) must proceed on an informed understanding of the organization styles and capacities of agencies presently dealing with similar problems. One such agency, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC), the forerunner of the California model of coastal management, is analyzed here to shed light on where we are headed and what we can expect administratively as the CZMA becomes an operation reality.

The major administrative insights offered fall into the areas of: (1) effectiveness assessment‐the BCDC's success is systematically defined and measured, and a discussion of what effectiveness evaluation implies in the area of coastal resource management is undertaken; (2) understanding organizational success—the BCDC's administrative style is analyzed in terms of the synergy which has been created between its organizational structure and decision‐making process; and (3) implications of agency success—which of the BCDC's lessons are most valuable and how these can be applied to other situations are shown.     

文本数据挖掘中的进化信息算法

在对基于海量文本数据信息的数据仓库进行数据挖掘过程中,产生出一类带有时态特征的进化信息,介绍了在文本数据仓库中进行数据挖掘和知识发现过程中的进化现象,定义了进化过程的数学模型,并对数据挖掘中进化过程模型的建立提出了相关规则。     

基于模糊层次数值型数据库发现一般化模糊关联规则

关联规则发现是数据挖掘研究领域中的重要内容之一,而以自然语言描述的模糊关联规则更符合人类的思维方式,在决策中占据重要作用。基于属性间通常还存着更高层次的抽象,即呈现出层次结构尤其是模糊层次结构这一事实,通过把经典的模糊理论与关联规则发现算法相结合,提出了在模糊层次结构下从数值型数据库中挖掘一般化模糊关联规则的相应算法。     

Investigating UAVs applications and intention to use in the maritime shipping in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

This study empirically evaluated the effects of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications and acceptable cost on intention to use UAVs in maritime shipping contexts. Factor analysis was employed to identify key UAVs applications (i.e. pollution forensics, supervision and service, search and rescue, humanitarian and emergency delivery, and safety and security), acceptable UAV cost, and intention to use UAVs. Survey data were collected from 201 respondents working for a maritime port corporation, shipping company, agency, and stevedoring company, and then hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test research hypotheses and examine the effects of UAVs applications and acceptable cost dimensions on intention to use UAVs. The results suggested that the pollution forensics, supervision and service, search and rescue, humanitarian and emergency delivery, and safety and security dimensions positively affected intention to use UAVs. The study findings also revealed negative associations among seniority, turnover, and intention to use UAVs. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are proposed to assist maritime port bureaus, corporations, and operating practice design in remaining competitive and efficient.     

Inclusionary housing in the California coastal zone

Abstract

This article evaluates the performance of the California Coastal Commission's inclusionary housing program by examining: (1) the scope of the housing regulations, (2) initial permit decisions on residential projects, (3) the disposition of these permits overtime, and (4) the composition of completed projects and a best‐case projection of possible project completions. Using a case study of Southern California, factors affecting program success are discussed, including the effects of the various regulations, the availability of project subsidies, local government permit policies, and housing market fluctuations. The authors conclude that such state regulatory programs cannot be expected to succeed in urbanized coastal areas without incentives for developers and augmented state agency authority, superseding local land use controls.     

Conservation and development in Oregon's coastal zone

Abstract

Coastal zone management in Oregon is based on the state's general land‐use law. This body of law is designed to deal with population increase, urbanization, and preservation of agricultural land, as well as with other problems throughout the state. Early planning and policy recommendations for the coast were in the hands of a commission having predominantly local membership. This commission produced an extensive series of studies, policies, and recommendations which were assembled as a proposed management tool for natural resources. Staff of the commission was then absorbed into the state land‐management agency, which developed final goals and guidelines for compliance with the Coastal Zone Management Act. Adoption of the coastal goals in December 1976 has triggered deadlines for local government compliance within the coastal zone. The management program is now undergoing federal review.     

鱼雷内弹道特征参数估计的回归分析

论述了以建立回归方程为中心,利用有限的实验数据建立舰艇鱼雷发射内弹道特征参数（鱼雷出管速度、膛压极值）的线性回归方程。通过实验数据计算,证明这是一种舰艇鱼雷发射内弹道特征参数估算的有效方法。在回归分析法基础上,提出了如何进行实验的优化。     

Assessing land‐use regulations in coastal wetlands: The case of the long point area,lake Erie,Ontario

Abstract

The first comprehensive attempt at development control along the Canadian Great Lakes shoreline was the 1976 lakeshore regulation policy adopted by the Regional Municipality of Haldimand‐Norfolk on the north Lake Erie shore. This innovative strategy was initiated at the municipal level as a component of the regional land‐use planning process. Determination of efficiency and effectiveness of the policy implementation process is based on analysis of permit approval files. All development applications submitted between 1976 and 1980 in the Turkey Point and Long Point Peninsulas are evaluated. Those areas, the most popular cottaging areas in the region, are most susceptible to flood and erosion hazards. Of the total applications submitted during the four‐year study period, 37 percent were in these areas. The policy was ineffective and inefficient in controlling development in the two peninsulas. Applications were approved in the majority of cases, despite regulatory prohibition of developments in hazard‐susceptible areas. There were lengthy decision‐making delays, often exceeding one year, and frequent violations of regulatory procedures. Recommendations are suggested to improve policy implementation.     

浅析我国矿业开发项目融资现状

本文首先分析了我国矿业项目融资的特点,然后就我国矿业项目目前的几种融资方式进行了比较分析,最后提出在项目的不同阶段,选择不同的融资方式;不同主体,选择不同的融资方式;加强"项目融资"在我国的应用;改善融资环境等建议,以期对我国矿业企业进行融资和政府机关制定相关政策提供依据。     

Predicting the chloride penetration of fly ash concrete in seawater

In this study, a model for predicting chloride penetration in fly ash concrete under long-term exposure in a marine environment is developed. The empirical model was based on 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year investigation of concretes in a marine site. Regression analysis of the data was carried out by applying Fick's second law of diffusion to generate an empirical formula for predicting chloride concentration in concrete. The model uses the water to binder (W/B) ratio, fly ash content, distance from the concrete surface, and exposure time. Model validation revealed that the predicted chloride concentration levels were within a ±25% error margin (R² = 0.91 ? 0.99) in the samples used to develop the model. The model was also verified using data from previous laboratory and field studies. Most predicted chloride concentration levels were within a ±30% margin of error from field samples. The model also predicted the strong effect of fly ash and W/B ratio on reducing chloride diffusion in concrete. Results clearly indicated that a high volume fly ash replacement (up to 50% by weight of binder) and a low W/B ratio will yield good chloride resistance in concrete under long-term exposure in a marine environment.     

滨海滩涂动态演变数值模拟研究及应用

基于潮流泥沙数学模型和滩涂动态平衡与人类活动前后水沙因子变化的经验关系,建立了长历时滩涂动态演变的经验动力数值模型。根据浙江省飞云江河口丁山围区和钱塘江河口的实测水沙及地形资料对抛坝促淤效果进行了验证,结果表明抛坝促淤效果计算与实测基本吻合。在此基础上,研究了某抛坝促淤工程后附近海域滩涂演变过程。预测结果表明促淤工程减弱了附近海域的水动力,使附近床面将发生淤积,经5~10 a达到淤积平衡,其中前5 a的淤积量约为总量的80%。为调控围涂工程引起的附近海域床面的淤积强度,减小对周边生态环境的影响,应控制促淤围涂的强度。