海洋浮体二阶非线性水弹性力学分析——基本理论

将考虑到二阶的流场压力在浮体瞬时湿表面上积分，得到用于非经恶性水弹性理论分析的广义一阶流体作用力和广义二阶流体作用力，广义一阶流体作用力中的波浪激励力，辐射力和恢复力和线性水弹性理论中的广义流体力具有相同的形式，仅比线性水弹性理论多了一项，反映了由刚体的转动引起的对一阶流体恢复力的影响，广义二阶流体力由五部分组成，即：与人射势和反射势有关的广义二阶波浪激励力，与辐射势有关的广义二阶辐射力，由辐射势与入射势及反射势的耦合引起的广义二阶力，由于湿表面的移动引起的一阶流场静态压力对广义二阶流体力的贡献，以及由于瞬时湿表面积的变化引起的广义二阶力，同时推导了不规则波中的广义一阶及二阶流体动力系数的表达形式。建立了在不规则波中航行浮体的线性和非线性水弹性运动方程，给出了求解方法，后续文章中将给出海洋浮体二阶非线性水弹性力学分析的部分数值计算结果。     

系泊多浮体耦合系统水动力特性数值分析

基于系泊浮筒链防撞系统,利用AQWA软件对不同海洋环境下的系泊多浮体耦合系统进行全耦合时域分析,得到浮体的运动响应和缆绳受力情况。结果表明,系泊缆绳最大张力出现在端部系泊缆上,中部系泊缆的迎浪侧缆绳比背浪侧缆绳张力大;单纯波浪环境下,浮体平均横向位移较小,在初始位置往复运动,波流共同作用时浮体发生前后摆动,在水流前进方向运动量较大,而且不能回到初始位置。最后将数值模拟结果与现有试验结果进行对比,验证了该全耦合时域分析方法的可行性,能够为系泊多浮体耦合系统的水动力特性研究提供参考依据。     

海洋浮体二阶非线性水弹性力学分析--系泊浮体主坐标响应的频率特征

采用前文建立的海洋浮体二阶非线性水弹性理论，本文分析了一个弹性系泊浮体在波良中的主坐标响应的频率特性。给出了作用于弹性浮体的锚链系统恢复力刚度系数，在考虑一阶速度势的耦合引起的二阶力以及在高海况条件下浮体作大幅运动时其刚体运动引起的二阶力及瞬时湿表面变化引起的二阶力等成分的前提下，建立了系泊浮体的频率三维线性和非线性水弹性运动方程，同时给出了广义流体力系统的表达形式。计算了系泊浮体水弹性运动的一阶和二阶主坐标，重点讨论了主坐标的频率特征。计算表明系泊浮体不但存在高频弹性谐振，而且存在低频刚体谐振及耦合谐振现象。     

铰接多浮体耦合解析计算

利用Lagrange方程求解波浪作用下的铰接多浮体结构运动响应.基于二维微幅波理论,将流场分成若干子区域,在每个子区域内将速度势用特征函数展开,在各区域边界上进行速度势及水平速度的匹配并结合运动方程耦合求解速度势中的系数及结构响应值.计算与实验结果的比较表明,所采用的计算方法是合理的,可以为研究波浪与铰接多浮体相互作用作为参考.     

考虑结构弹性变形的超大型浮体锚泊系统时域耦合分析

通常的系泊系统运动和张力分析只考虑浮体作为刚体的自由度运动。然而,当浮体尺度达到一定程度,浮体会在波浪激励作用下产生弹性变形,弹性变形会对系泊缆的张力产生影响。本文基于浮体三维频域水弹性分析方法和系泊缆静力分析方法,建立锚泊系统时域耦合分析方法,获得更加真实的系泊缆张力特性以及浮体的运动特性,在时域模拟中考虑了风、浪、流环境条件对浮体运动和系泊缆张力的作用,同时根据浮体三维水弹性频域计算结果获取浮体弹性变形在系泊点处产生的位移,建立浮体弹性变形对系泊缆张力贡献的计算方法,并针对一布置于400 m水深海域的超大型浮体,计算了浮体的弹性变形对系泊缆张力的贡献。     

极大型海洋浮体结构的流固耦合分析

本文研究了两种多模块极大型海洋浮体结构的流固耦合问题。采用弹性连接多刚体系统模型，利用三维线性水弹性力学理论，获得了系统在各种浪向下运动和连结件动应力响应的理论预报。     

结构刚度变化对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响

结构刚度改变会导致结构固有频率变化和结构广义刚度的变化。必然会对结构在波浪中的水弹性响应产生影响，本文在某箱式超大型浮体结构单位幅值正弦规则波和不规则波水弹性响应计算的基础上，假定结构质量分布不变，研究了结构刚度变化对箱式超大型浮体结构水弹性响应的影响。得到了一些有价值的结论。     

旁靠双浮体系统耦合运动时域分析

旁靠外输是海洋工程领域常见的作业形式，而浮体之间存在狭窄的间隙会产生复杂的水动力相互干扰。应用三维频域势流理论和阻尼盖模型，对旁靠双浮体系统进行频域计算，然后基于间接时域法开展该旁靠系统运动的时域模拟。研究结果表明，阻尼盖模型能有效抑制水动力系数异常的共振幅值和改善时延函数的振荡特性。当波峰频率接近间隙水动力峰值频率时形成间隙共振，对时域运动计算结果影响较大。在横浪条件下，旁靠系统会产生较大的横向相对位移，加装防撞系统可在一定程度上控制该相对位移。     

箱式浮体在波浪中的运动分析

为研究浮体在波浪中的运动，工程中采用基于刚体运动学的理论，应用牛顿第二定律建立了箱体在六个自由度的耦合运动方程。采用修正的切片法计算了箱体在规则波中运动的附加质量、附加阻尼和静水恢复力，并以纵摇和垂荡两个运动模态为例，在频域和时域内计算了浮体在规则波中两个运动模态的波浪载荷和运动响应，并对运动响应特性进行了分析。     

浮体剖面载荷的几种计算方法

水中浮体的剖面载荷计算对于总体强度分析起着至关重要的作用。利用三维势流水动力软件预报浮体的运动及受力响应,以此结果为前提条件,采用三种不同的方法（压力积分法、多体法和广义模态法）。计算浮体的剖面载荷：最后以一个半潜平台结构为算例,并得到三种方法的相互验证。     

二维物体上的二阶波浪力

近年来,作用于固定式或浮式海洋结构物上的非线性波浪力正在引起广泛的注意。本文处理了规则波对固定的二维物体的二阶非线性影响,协调地求得了二阶绕射势,并进而得到了二阶定常波浪力和二阶倍频波浪力。 借助于切片理论,此方法和结果似也可用来预估船舶或某些半潜平台的二阶波浪作用力和二阶运动。     

两类锚泊系统在漂浮式双体浮动式波能转换装置垂荡运动状态下的性能（英文）

This work investigated the influence of two types of mooring systems on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-body floating wave energy converter(WEC). It also investigated the effects of the physical parameters of the mooring system on the amount of extractable power from incident waves in the frequency domain. The modeled converter comprised a floating body(a buoy), a submerged body with two mooring systems, and a coupling system for two bodies. The coupling system was a simplified power take-off system that was modeled by a linear spring-damper model. The tension leg mooring system could drastically affect the heave motion of the submerged body of the model and increase relative displacement between the two bodies. The effects of the stiffness parameter of the mooring system on power absorption exceeded those of the pretension tendon force.     

考虑浮体弹性变形的锚泊系统分析方法

传统的锚泊系统分析方法一般是假设结构物为刚性不可变形的,这种假设对于常规海洋结构物的锚泊系统分析,其精度是可以接受的,然而对于弹性体(比如超大型浮体)来说,这种浮体刚性的假设显然是不合理的.本文基于摄动理论,分别给出了锚泊浮体(同时包括弹性体和刚性体)和锚泊系统的一阶运动方程.分别用三维水弹性理论和Goodman-Iance法求解浮体的动力响应和锚泊线的运动,并给出了两者之间的协调关系.通过数值算例分析表明,对于超大型浮体,其弹性特性对锚泊系统特性的影响是不可忽略的.     

系泊浮体运动响应分析的非线性水动力学方法（英文）

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

Mathematical modelling of response amplitude operator for roll motion of a floating body: Analysis in frequency domain with numerical validation

This paper investigates mathematical modelling of response amplitude operator （RAO） or transfer function using the frequency-based analysis for uncoupled roll motion of a floating body under the influence of small amplitude regular waves. The hydrodynamic coefficients are computed using strip theory formulation by integrating over the length of the floating body. Considering sinusoidal wave with frequency （ω ） varying between 0.3 rad/s and 1.2 rad/s acts on beam to the floating body for zero forward speed, analytical expressions of RAO in frequency domain is obtained. Using the normalization procedure and frequency based analysis, group based classifications are obtained and accordingly governing equations are formulated for each case. After applying the fourth order Runge-Kutta method numerical solutions are obtained and relative importance of the hydrodynamic coefficients is analyzed. To illustrate the roll amplitude effects numerical experiments have been carried out for a Panamax container ship under the action of sinusoidal wave with a fixed wave height. The effect of viscous damping on RAO is evaluated and the model is validated using convergence, consistency and stability analysis. This modelling approach could be useful to model floating body dynamics for higher degrees of freedom and to validate the result.     

数值波浪水池及顶浪中船舶水动力计算

基于粘流理论建立了三维数值波浪水池,模拟了非线性波浪,并对规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力进行了计算.数值模拟中,控制方程-RANS方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理;在入口边界模拟柔性造波板运动产生入射波,使用位于波浪水池尾部的人工阻尼区消波.给出了非线性规则波的模拟结果以及规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力计算结果,并与理论解及DUT(Delfi University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.     

船体在波浪中的非线性水动压力

本文提出了一个预报船体在波浪中大幅运动时非线性水动压力场的二维时域理论。船体扰动势用时域自由面格林函数和在入射波下的瞬时湿表面上的分布源求解;与非线性水动压力场相匹配的船体运动用差分法求得。为提高计算效率和避免数值过程发散,采用了改进的数值模型和方案。通过线性理论计算与模型试验结果的比较,指出了线性切片理论在预报水动压力场时的不足,水动压力与波高的非线性关系及正负水动压力沿船体表面的分布在Wigley船的计算比较中得到了说明。初步计算表明,该理论的实用化发展前景是令有鼓舞的。相应的计算机程序可在PC机上运行。     

Hydrodynamics of a body floating in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. Part 2. Diffraction problem and wave-induced motions

A linearized two-dimensional diffraction problem in a two-layer fluid of finite depth was solved for a general floating body and relevant wave-induced motions were studied. In a two-layer fluid, for a prescribed frequency, incident waves propagate with two different wave modes. Thus the wave-exciting forces and resulting motions must be computed separately for each mode of the incident wave. The boundary integral equation method developed by the authors in the Part-1 article was applied to directly obtain the diffraction potential (pressure) on the body surface. With the computed results, an investigation was carried out on the effects of the fluid density ratio and the interface position on the wave-exciting forces on the body and the motions of the body, including the case in which the body intersects the interface. By a systematic derivation using Green's theorem, all the possible reciprocity relations were derived theoretically in explicit forms for a system of finite depth; these relations were confirmed to be satisfied numerically with very good accuracy. Experiments were also carried out using water and isoparaffin oil as the two fluids and a Lewis-form body. Measured results for the sway- and heave-exciting forces and the heave motion were compared with the computed results, and a favorable agreement was found.     

波浪作用下单体网格式浮架受力的数值模拟

模型试验表明重力式网箱在波浪作用下，单纯浮架的受力贡献比例较大。本文运用波浪理论，通过建立浮架、锚绳及浮子的运动方程，采用五阶龙格-库塔进行数值求解，得到了单体网格式锚碇单纯浮架的数值计算模式。将计算模型简化为四点锚碇，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，二者符合程度较好。在此基础上，比较了单体网格式锚碇与四点锚碇单纯浮架的受力，结果表明网格式锚碇方式浮架受力较小。