氨水改性活性炭的制备及其对苯酚吸附性能的研究

以活性炭为载体,10%的氨水溶液为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性.利用比表面积测定法、SEM及Boehm滴定法表征了氨水改性活性炭的表面理化性质.以苯酚废水为处理对象,分别考察了吸附时间、pH值、活性炭投加量及苯酚废水的初始浓度对改性活性炭去除苯酚效果的影响.结果表明:活性炭经氨水改性后,表面多处塌陷,比表面积是未改性活性炭的1.057倍,表面酸性官能团含量降低,是未改性活性炭的0.421倍.在吸附时间为6h时,活性炭对苯酚的吸附均已达到平衡,改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附量为152.763mg/g,比未改性活性炭的吸附量提高了66%;氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的去除率随着pH值升高而降低,在pH值为6～7时,去除率达到61%;随着活性炭投加量的增加,溶液中的苯酚含量越来越少;随着苯酚废水初始浓度的提高,氨水改性活性炭对苯酚的去除率逐渐降低;Freundlich和Langmuir二种等温线模型均能较好的反应活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为,其中Freundlich模型更为理想.     

吸附饱和苯酚的活性炭电化学再生的研究

采用阳极扩展电化学氧化技术对吸附饱和苯酚的活性炭进行了电化学再生.实验表明:在石墨作为极板材料,投加氯盐的前提下,Cl-放电产生的Cl2溶于水生成的具有强氧化能力的物质HClO,将吸附在活性炭孔道表面的高浓度苯酚氧化是活性炭得以再生的根本原因.投加盐的种类、盐量、电流强度、电解时间和pH是影响再生效果的重要因素.     

碳纤维加固技术的增强机理分析与应用

分析了碳纤维加固梁“钢筋砼碳纤维”复合受力新体系,建立了加固梁体系的简化力学模型.通过引入截面弯矩分配系数,阐明了砼梁碳纤维加固技术的增强机理,给出了砼梁和碳纤维各自所承受的弯矩与加固梁的材料、几何形状和尺寸、配筋率、碳纤维用量等之间的关系式并以某高速公路一座8×30m预应力砼空心板桥的加固工程为背景,说明了碳纤维加固技术用于桥梁加固改造工程可靠易行的实例     

A mechanical and experimental study on the heat loss of solar evacuated tube

The experimental system of heat loss of all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes (evacuated tube) is firstly designed and constructed, which uses electric heater as thermal resource. The equilibrium temperatures are less than ±1℃ during the test, and the temperature differences of up/middle/low node in the tube are less than 1 ℃, 3 ℃, and 7℃ respectively. The heat loss of evacuated tube increases about 2.7% with vacuum state of 0.01-1 mPa, and it has the best performance at tube temperature of 20-280℃. The invalidation tube (> 200 mPa) has the biggest heat loss that increases linearly with the tube temperature. The evacuated tubes with the vacuum of 0.01-1 mPa are suitable for most solar adsorption refrigeration.     

碳纳米管增强火山灰基地聚合物的制备与性能表征

为研究多壁碳纳米管对火山灰基地聚合物的增强效果与机理,通过显微观察和图像识别对比了不同超声时间多壁碳纳米管分散液中团聚体的数量和面积,确定了适宜的超声分散时长;以不同顺序混合分散液、碱激发剂溶液和火山灰制备地聚合物,通过所得浆体的稠度试验、硬化试件的三点弯曲试验、单轴压缩试验研究了不同掺量、不同种类的多壁碳纳米管对地聚合物工作性能与力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪、压汞试验对地聚合产物的微观形貌和孔隙结构进行表征。分析结果表明：随着超声时间的增加,多壁碳纳米管的分散效果改善明显,45 min超声后超过85%的团聚体面积减小至0~100 μm²,总团聚体面积占比小于1%,且平均面积小于50 μm²;先添加多壁碳纳米管分散液再添加碱激发剂溶液的材料混合顺序更有利于纤维的均匀分散和地聚合物工作性能的保持;多壁碳纳米管在0.10%质量掺量时,对火山灰基地聚合物流动度影响不大,且能够有效提升其力学性能;功能化的多壁碳纳米管由于具有更强的亲水性和润湿性,对浆体工作性能的影响更轻微,对硬化试件力学性能的提升更显著,28 d时抗折、抗压强度较参照组最高可分别提升31.0%、15.9%;微观检测结果显示,多壁碳纳米管在地聚合物中发挥了桥接、填充、成核作用,因而实现性能的改善。     

废磁悬液及油漆废水处理

在对两类废水水质特征分析的基础上,提出将较低浓度的油漆废水和高浓度的探伤废水综合处理的工艺方案,采用混凝-厌氧-好氧-二次混凝-活性吸附处理工艺,出水水质能够达到污水综合排放标准二级标准.     

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)在桥梁工程中的应用及前景

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)在桥梁结构中的应用,是目前国际土木建筑结构工程中的一个开发热点.作者在文中介绍了CFRP的材料特性以及CFRP在新建桥梁结构、旧危桥补强加固等工程中的应用,并对CFRP今后的发展与应用前景进行了展望.     

运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖环境问题分析及对策

通过调查对运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖存在的环境问题进行分析,结合国家节能减排要求,提出了利用地源热泵清洁能源代替燃煤锅炉的对策措施,并从技术、经济和环境方面分析了地源热泵技术应用的可行性。     

Fabrication and drilling tests of chemical vapor deposition diamond coated drills in machining carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coated drills are fabricated by depositing diamond films on Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) drills. The characteristics of as-deposited diamond coatings are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectra. To evaluate the cutting performance of diamond coated drills, comparative drilling tests are conducted using diamond coated and uncoated WC-Co drills, with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) as the workpiece on a high-speed computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Thrust force and tool wear are measured during the drilling process. The results show that diamond coated drill exhibits better cutting performance, compared with the uncoated drill. The value of flank wear is about 70 μm after machining 90 holes, about a half of that of theWC-Co drill with 145μm after drilling only 30 holes. The wear rate of WC-Co drill is higher than that of diamond coated drill before diamond films peeling off. The diamond coated drill achieves more predictable hole quality. The improved cutting performance of the diamond coated drill is due to the high hardness, wear resistance and low coefficient of friction.     

Experimental and stowing/deploying dynamical simulation of lenticular carbon fiber reinforced polymer thin-walled tubular space boom

The stowing and deploying experiment was conducted for three 700 mm long thin-walled tubes, and the structural behavior characteristics parameters were measured clearly, including strain, deformation and wrapping moment. 3D finite element models (FEM) were built subsequently and explicit dynamic method was used to simulate the stowing and deploying of the lenticular carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-walled tubular space boom, which was designed as four-ply (45°/ − 45°/45°/ − 45°) lay-up. The stress and energy during the wrapping process were got and compared with different wrapping angular velocity, the reasonable wrapping angular velocity and effective method were conformed, and structural behavior characteristics were obtained. The results were compared and discussed as well, and the results show that the numerical results by 0.628 rad/s velocity agree well with the measured values. In this paper, the numerical procedure and experimental results are valuable to the optimization design of CFRP thin-walled tubular space boom and future research.     

CD_3 McAb联合rhIL-2激活的骨髓对白血病细胞杀伤净化作用的研究

目的　探讨CD3单克隆抗体 (CD3McAb)联合重组人白细胞介素 2 (rhIL 2 )激活的骨髓对白血病细胞的杀伤及净化作用。方法　用MTT法检测激活骨髓的细胞毒作用 ;半固体集落培养法观察激活骨髓CFU GM水平和对白血病细胞的净化作用 ;采用间接荧光法测定激活骨髓的免疫标记。结果　CD3McAb与rhIL 2联合激活的骨髓对白血病细胞株K5 6 2、HL 6 0均有明显的杀伤净化作用 ,且优于rhIL 2或CD3McAb单用组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。rhIL 2和 (或 )CD3McAb对激活骨髓的CFU GM水平无明显影响。CD3McAb +rhIL 2激活的骨髓 ,与活化前及rhIL 2或CD3McAb组相比 ,CD3+ 、CD8+ 、CD1 9+ 、CD2 5+ 、CD38+ 、CD56+ 细胞显著升高。结论　CD3McAb能增强rhIL 2激活的骨髓对白血病细胞的杀伤及净化作用