环渤海港口竞争

以环渤海地区3大枢纽港——天津港、大连港和青岛港作为研究对象,对环渤海地区主要港口的竞争力从腹地经济、自然条件、集疏运条件和运营效率等4个方面进行比较分析,并得出结论：谁能率先走向整合,谁就更有机会成为中国北方国际航运中心。     

船舶配套业竞争惨烈

改革开放至今,中国船舶工业取得了长足的进步.中国造船年产量由上世纪80年代初的50万吨提高到了2001年的400多万吨,造船业也由世界第17位跃居为世界第3位.预计到2005年,我国年造船产量可达650万吨以上,市场的份额也将提高到15%.     

Competition among selected eastern Canadian ports for foreign cargoes

This paper examines the competitiveness of selected eastern Canadian ports for the handling of foreign cargoes in terms of macroeconomic and geographic factors.     

Response to 'Critique: The Caribbean Basin'

We welcome the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in your critique to our paper. We take the comments as an indication of the interest the paper has sparked. Not often is shipping in the Caribbean a subject of academic concern and we are pleased to keep it in the spotlight. Let us deal with the issues in the order that they are raised.     

洋山港背后的群雄角力

“一体两翼”是国家对长三角地区港口布局制定的发展框架。建设上海国际航运中心,确立了上海港的主枢纽港地位,作为两翼的江苏和浙江则重在配合,以为示范,集聚辐射长三角乃至中国大陆。然而,宏观的规划难抵港口自然发育和地方经济市场化的冲击。当国外的大港纷纷对即将到来的洋山港时代高唱赞歌的时候,国内长三角地区的其他各港则来者不善,暗自较劲,开始了新一轮“抢位之争”。     

扬帆加勒比

扯起一片白帆,离开码头游人和商贩的喧嚣．迎着风,驶向远方的那个珊瑚岛。找一个很小的避风海湾．小得或许只能容下一艘船。那里应该有一块很小的沙滩,小得能让你感觉到它完全属于你自己。当最后一抹晚霞消失在海的尽头时．生起篝火．喝着啤酒,和好朋友一起海阔天空地闲聊……     

Air and water cargo transport mode substitutions among US customs districts

In the mid-1980s, under the impetus of deregulation, the competition between air and water cargo transportation showed a marked increase. The nature of this process and its empirical manifestation among the exports and imports of 30 commodity groups in six major American customs districts and the US as a whole is examined. The prevailing patterns of reliance upon each mode in 1987 and the changes that occurred between 1985 and 1987 are discussed. Finally, a logistic regression is offered and employed using 620 individual export and import commodities to determine what types of commodities are most likely to fluctuate between the transportation modes.     

加勒比海海上传奇

海上公寓 一切都是那么宁静而又波澜壮阔。激动人心。对Minou来说,这是一个平常的日子,他穿着T恤和短裤,在主帆、三角帆和球帆下醒来。唇边还挂着满足的微笑。他和他的伙伴们正航行在加勒比海上,他们的游艇将带着他们发现并享受一个独一无二的假期。     

The Caribbean basin: adjusting to global trends in containerization

Positioned strategically between major east-west and north-south trading routes, the Caribbean basin has become a locus of new service configurations in container shipping. Over the last decade global shipping lines have been restructuring their service networks in the region in order to integrate local services with the newly rationalized intercontinental connections. By comparing service network structures in 1994 and 2002 at three levels of organization—local, regional and global—we are able to show that although Caribbean ports are well connected to the global system, and while the total number of services has declined between the two years, those mounted by members of global alliances have increased. Moreover, services of the global carriers at the local and regional levels are on the increase. As much as the alliances are reshaping Caribbean networks, the smaller carriers are still playing a role, but at a reduced spatial scale. Parallel with the modifications to network configurations are the changes in the port system. Essentially, traffic of the most important ports in the north and western part of the basin has grown at slower rates than the ports in the south and east. These traffic changes are only partly related to network changes. It is the growth of transshipments that is driving the most important developments in port traffic and bringing to the forefront the development of hub ports. The most important are: Colon, Panama (southwest), Freeport, Bahamas (north), Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (southeast), Kingston, Jamaica and Rio Haina, Dominican Republic (middle), and Cartagena, Colombia and Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (south).     

The Caribbean basin: adjusting to global trends in containerization

Positioned strategically between major east–west and north–south trading routes, the Caribbean basin has become a locus of new service configurations in container shipping. Over the last decade global shipping lines have been restructuring their service networks in the region in order to integrate local services with the newly rationalized intercontinental connections. By comparing service network structures in 1994 and 2002 at three levels of organization—local, regional and global—we are able to show that although Caribbean ports are well connected to the global system, and while the total number of services has declined between the two years, those mounted by members of global alliances have increased. Moreover, services of the global carriers at the local and regional levels are on the increase. As much as the alliances are reshaping Caribbean networks, the smaller carriers are still playing a role, but at a reduced spatial scale. Parallel with the modifications to network configurations are the changes in the port system. Essentially, traffic of the most important ports in the north and western part of the basin has grown at slower rates than the ports in the south and east. These traffic changes are only partly related to network changes. It is the growth of transshipments that is driving the most important developments in port traffic and bringing to the forefront the development of hub ports. The most important are: Colon, Panama (southwest), Freeport, Bahamas (north), Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (southeast), Kingston, Jamaica and Rio Haina, Dominican Republic (middle), and Cartagena, Colombia and Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (south).     

泡沫铝填充薄壁结构吸能分析

研究了4种截面形式的泡沫铝填充薄壁结构的吸能特性。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动态有限元分析软件,对结构轴向冲击过程进行仿真,给出了作用反力、吸能效率随轴向压缩位移的曲线,并讨论了截面形式、冲击速度、薄壳材料和泡沫铝密度等参数对结构吸能的影响,为合理的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

Competition in cargo-handling: some comments

This article offers some comments on a paper by R. O. Goss appearing in No. 1, Vol.9 of this journal. Goss outlined therein the activites of a small number of competing private sector cargo-handling companies suggesting than the prevalent inefficiencies and excessive costs associated with these firms may be linked to a lack of real competition. The present author, whilst conceding that increased competitiveness may be linked to a lack of real competition. The present author, whilst conceding that increased competitiveness may ameliorate this, argues that other factors-the organizational structure of the company and the market in which it must operate-may in fact work against the proper functioning of a competitive system, and that concentration may not only be inevitable but even desirable.     

Competition in cargo-handling: some comments

This article offers some comments on a paper by R. O. Goss appearing in No. 1, Vol.9 of this journal. Goss outlined therein the activites of a small number of competing private sector cargo-handling companies suggesting than the prevalent inefficiencies and excessive costs associated with these firms may be linked to a lack of real competition. The present author, whilst conceding that increased competitiveness may be linked to a lack of real competition. The present author, whilst conceding that increased competitiveness may ameliorate this, argues that other factors-the organizational structure of the company and the market in which it must operate-may in fact work against the proper functioning of a competitive system, and that concentration may not only be inevitable but even desirable.     

港口的区域垄断和竞争:圆周模型

港口具有一定的地理垄断性,同时港口竞争也日益加剧,交叉腹地日益扩大。区域垄断和竞争成为港口共同的发展特征,协调两者之间的关系对于港口产业发展具有重要意义。圆周模型对于分析港口产业经济特性非常恰当。通过运用圆周模型来理解港口的区域垄断和竞争特性,可以为实现港口产业规模型竞争的公共政策制定提供基础性的理论依据。具体的政策建议包括港口业务的垂直分解及构建地主港模式、加快港口民营化进程、在放松规制的同时重建规制及推动形成区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系。     

Local crushing of HCP100 structural foam due to low-velocity impact

An experimental and numerical study of the local crushing of Divinycell HCP100 structural foam due to low-velocity impact is undertaken. The study deals with a two-dimensional configuration, where foam beams are subjected to normal impact by gravity driven steel cylindrical impactors. During the impact tests, the foam specimens are entirely rested on a stiff steel substrate to limit the overall bending deformation. The quantities, measured during the impact tests, are the contact force, the load-time response, and the deflection. A two-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the deformation induced in the impact process. For this purpose, the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element computer code is used. The HCP100 foam is modeled as an elastic–plastic material with hardening. Results from finite element analysis are compared to test data and the correlation is found to be very good. The present work is a step towards developing a damage tolerance design methodology of HCP100 structural foam.     

Development of Beach Analysis Tools for Caribbean Small Islands

Beach erosion presents a hazard to coastal tourism facilities, which provide the main economic thrust for most Caribbean small islands (CSIs). Ad hoc approaches to addressing this problem have given way to the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach, which recommends data collection, analysis of coastal processes, and assessment of impacts. UNESCO's Coast and Beach Stability in the Caribbean (COSALC) project has provided most CSIs with an opportunity to monitor their beaches and collect over 10 years of data. Research has been directed at integrating these data with geographic information systems (GIS) and other information technologies to develop a prototype beach analysis and management system (BAMS) for CSIs. This article presents the results of phase I development of this effort, which includes the development of tools for integrating spatial and non-spatial coastal data, estimating long-term beach erosion/accretion and sand volume change trends at individual beaches, identifying erosion-sensitive beaches, and mapping beach erosion hazards. The Southeast Peninsula, St. Kitts, is used as a case study to develop these tools and demonstrate system functionality.