混合动力电动船舶模糊逻辑控制策略

混合动力电动船舶对于纯电动船舶具有较好的续航能力,适用于航线较长且具有随机性的船舶工况,同时对于工程作业船舶工况其可以降低柴油发电机为动力的工程作业船舶柴油机功率,减少燃油消耗与排放。本文分析了上述两种不同船舶工况特点,并针对该工况采用串联式混合动力结构作为船舶动力系统结构并根据工况需求设计了相应的模糊逻辑控制策略。运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,所设计串联式混合动力系统及其模糊逻辑控制策略能够在上述两种船舶工况下实现控制要求。     

Methodology for ro-ro ship and fleet sizing with application to short sea shipping

A novel methodology is developed for determining the characteristics of a cargo roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship and the fleet size required for a given short sea shipping route. The ship and required fleet size to satisfy the transportation demand (for each pair of speed and freight rate) are determined using a database of existing cargo ro-ro ships to obtain the main technical characteristics of the most suitable ship. The time charter, voyage costs and revenue are then calculated considering the technical characteristics of each ship. Fuel costs are corrected for the actual ship speed and loading condition. A number of restrictions in the transportation problem are considered leading to the exclusion of unfeasible solutions. The maximum profit over the period of a year is identified among the feasible pairs of speed and freight rate. This general methodology is applied in a case study that considers the route between Leixões (Portugal) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). The study allows the identification of the most suitable ship and fleet sizes for different market penetration levels and quantifies the impact on shipping company profit of changes in parameters such as fuel costs, time charter costs, emission control area, installed propulsion power and stacking factor.     

Panama Canal expansion: fuel economy and logistical risk

Since cargo capacity increases faster than fuel consumption, the significantly larger capacity fleets which will accompany expansion of the Panama Canal will introduce additional fuel economies and cost savings. Enabling larger, more fuel-efficient vessels to carry cargo the entire distance from Asia to US east-coast ports allows vessel operators to realize significant and meaningful savings compared with the alternatives of using smaller Panamax vessels for the whole distance, or sending the cargo over the US land bridge by train or truck. Fuel savings are quantified along with the monetary savings based on various assumptions for the price of fuel. These savings are dramatic and will increase directly with the price of crude petroleum. Finally, microeconomic theory is deployed to determine how cost savings will be distributed between shipping customers and vessel operators.     

Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Accurately estimating fuel consumption of ships is crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, and environmental protection agencies. The bottom-up approach is becoming increasingly popular because it can estimate ship fuel consumption by accounting for ship activity conditions, such as changes in voyage speed, time, and distance; however, its use is still limited when estimating ship fuel consumption. Ship-specific information, such as the daily fuel consumption rate for main and auxiliary engines for every vessel, is expensive to gather, and generally not collected from private shipping companies. To address this research gap, we develop simplified and composite ship fuel consumption models for ocean-going container ships by size using a regression model. To estimate the fuel consumption models for container ships, we rely on ship activity data, including average speed and sailing time, distance, and actual fuel consumption for main and auxiliary engines. This information is obtained from a major container shipping company in Korea. We estimate and validate the parameters associated with fuel consumption for five different container ship sizes, all of which are smaller than the Post-Panamax container ship (15,000 TEU and above).     

多功能海上重吊船LNG燃料应用分析

基于某多功能海上重吊船液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG）双燃料系统的设计，结合其典型运营工况，采用经济性（Economic Performance，EP）分析方法对LNG燃料和低硫船用轻质柴油（Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil，LSMGO）燃料的能量消耗、额外初始投入成本、运营成本（Operating Expense，OPEX）等进行分析比较。结果表明，在满足设计要求的前提下，在中长期的船舶运维周期内，LNG燃料的EP更好。考虑未来船用清洁燃料的发展，相关研究可为海上工程作业船舶的燃料动力系统的设计和选择提供思路。     

提高江海货船的营运经济性

通过对江海货船的统计和分析,提出了提高货船营运经济性的一些观念和措施：船、机、桨的良好匹配是货船节能降耗的关键,正确掌控货船的经济航速,螺旋桨要素的优选和经济合理地处理江海货船多用途、跨航区的需要。     

基于模糊随机模拟的船舶经济指标期望值模型

模糊和随机两类不确定因素常常是同时存在的,有时又融合在一起。所以建立基于随机模拟、模糊模拟的期望值计算模型是非常有实用价值的。在航运市场中船价、运价、油价等因素不仅受国家政治经济的影响,还受航运市场的供需关系及相关市场的影响,带有很大的随机性。而船舶的实际营运时间不仅与船舶的技术状况、企业管理有关,还与港口航道状况、天气气象等有密切的关系,带有很大的模糊性。基于以上特点,文章采用随机模拟和模糊模拟相结合的方法建立了船舶经济指标期望值模型。     

Energy efficiency optimization analysis of fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid ship based on whale optimization algorithm北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升船舶的能源利用率,对多因素影响下的燃料电池/锂电池混合动力船舶能效优化方法进行分析。[方法]基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的能效仿真模型,研究通航环境要素对船舶能效的影响。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,提出基于模糊逻辑的功率分配策略,以优化系统能量流动。然后在此基础上,以系统总能耗最低为优化目标,建立考虑多因素的船舶航速非线性优化模型,采用鲸鱼优化算法开展优化模型动态寻优,并进行不同航行方法和航行时间约束下的能效优化分析。[结果]结果显示,在总航行时间不变的情况下,采用所提的考虑多因素的船舶能效优化方法可以降低船舶5.04%的总能耗和13.16%的燃料电池氢气总消耗。[结论]所述方法对船舶节能减排具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶续航力和经济性具有重要意义。     

Neural network-based fuel consumption estimation for container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Due to the outstanding strength of advanced machine-learning techniques, they have become increasingly common in predictive studies in recent years, particularly in predicting ship energy performance. In constructing predictive models, prior studies have mostly employed vessels’ technical parameters to establish machine-learning algorithms. To bridge this research gap and enable wider applications, this paper presents the design of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP ANN) as a machine-learning technique to estimate ship fuel consumption. We utilized the real operational data from 100–143 container ships to estimate fuel consumption for five different container ships grouped by size. We compared the performance of two ANN models and two multiple-regression models. Four input parameters (sailing time, speed, cargo weight, and capacity) were included in the first ANN and the first regression model, while the other two models only consider two inputs from physical function. The mean absolute percentage error of the ANN models with four inputs was the smallest and less than those in extended statistical models, demonstrating the MLP’s superiority over the statistical model. The MLP ANN model can thus be applied to confirm the effectiveness of the slow-steaming method for achieving energy efficiency.     

“门”字型货船最佳纵倾试验研究

正确地调整船舶航行时的纵倾是一项有效的节能措施,特别对载重量变化频繁的杂货船及带球首的船尤为重要。 上海船研所于1982年开始,对“门”字型货船进行了调整纵倾试验研究。通过变四种排水量、每种排水量各变五个纵倾状态的阻力、自航试验结果的分析,可以看出,对每一种排水量、每一个航速都存在一个最佳纵倾状态,其节能效果相当显著。 本文分析了吃水及纵倾变化对船舶阻力和自航要素的影响。通过对最佳纵倾与常用纵倾装载航行的营运经济进行分析比较可知,在最佳纵倾航行时平均每天可节油2.55 t左右。     

船舶油耗远程监管系统的设计

基于STM32嵌入式和传感测量技术,将船舶的航行参数、主机基本运行参数和船舶各大动力装置的燃油消耗数据进行集中采集并传给岸端的数据管理服务中心,采用WAMP开发了一套基于WEB具有良好人机界面的,B/S架构的船舶油耗数据中心管理系统,实现了更加直观的船舶远程动态监管,也能为船东高效的解决船舶油耗数据分析统计等一系列问题。     

90客位川江客渡船设计

本文介绍90客位川江急流航段客渡船设计开发的环境特点、船型关键技术、总布置设计、船舶快速性、经济性和稳性指标等.该船型在不到一年的时间中已推广建造6艘,其航速与能耗均优于同类船舶,并全面提高了川江急流航段客渡船的安全保障系数,适合在内河急流航段客渡船中推广应用及更新换代,具有很好的经济意义和社会意义.     

水流速度对内河船舶营运能效影响分析

本文在能源消耗和环境污染的危机下,致力于内河船舶能源消耗和温室气体排放的研究,分析了水流速度对内河船舶营运能效的影响。本分析是基于一艘客船的数据进行的,分别对不同航段下水流速度,主机转速,燃油消耗进行测量,并计算得到内河船舶营运能效。根据测量结果提出内河船舶营运能效提升策略,为内河航运业的节能减排提供帮助。     

基于ARM和μC/OS-II的船用柴油机最低油耗航速控制系统设计与实现

介绍一种船舶柴油机最低油耗航速控制系统.利用这套系统可以在不影响船舶航行安全和航运周期的前提下,通过实时检测的方式,控制主机运行于最低油耗航速,从而大大降低船舶航行时的主机燃油消耗.     

基于航行数据的船舶航行油耗模型建立方法

准确评估船舶的能效表现是研究船舶性能、优化船舶能效的基础。为准确评估船舶航行状态对船舶航行油耗的影响和船舶的能效表现,以某超大型散货船为研究对象,基于船舶智能能效综合管理系统获取大量船舶航行数据,通过数据处理和特征工程找出影响船舶航行油耗的因素,采用人工神经网络建立船舶航行油耗模型。采用该模型预估船舶在一段航程中的总油耗量,验证该模型在评估船舶航行状态对船舶航行油耗的影响方面的有效性。此外,采用该模型对航程和转速进行优化,验证该模型对能效优化的可行性。     

Liner shipping service optimisation with reefer containers capacity: an application to northern Europe–South America trade

Increasing the number of vessels in a container liner service while reducing speeds, known as slow steaming strategy, has been a short-term response since 2008 to the challenges of over-capacity and the rise in bunker prices faced by shipping lines. This strategy, which reduces the fuel cost per voyage but increases the operating costs as more vessels are added to the service, is difficult to sustain when the transit time significantly affects the transportation demand. This article proposes a model applied to this situation, referred to as a case of optimal speed under semi-elastic demand, for which containerised perishable product transport is sensitive to time, while frozen and dry products are not. It investigates if slow steaming is still optimal when working to maximise the total profit on the cycle. In order to demonstrate the proposed model, a numerical application is carried out for a direct Northern Europe to East Coast of South America container service, a route selected due to the high volume of fresh products. For this application, the speed that maximises the total profit with inelastic and semi-elastic demand is then estimated for several bunker fuel prices.     

多用途船集装箱装载工况直接计算分析

多用途船的货舱内装载集装箱的固定形式与普通集装箱船不同,船级社及船舶的设计、建造方对此类船舶结构强度的安全性和可靠性投入更多的关注。为此,参照中国船级社钢质海船入级规范的要求,研究提出了舱内载荷的模拟方法,以某多用途船舱段结构强度有限元计算分析为例,分析研究集装箱横向运动和垂向运动惯性力对船体结构强度的影响。为多用途船装载集装箱工况的结构设计提供准确的分析方法。     

Rising fuel costs and the geographical advantages of Mediterranean ports

With the soaring fuel costs modifying the general cost structure of ship management. shipowners running deep-sea services are being forced to reconsider the routeing of their vessels. some geographical regions (and ports within those regions) appear to begaining new spatial advantages in overall cargo flows because of this factor. This study looks at a methodological framework for a computer simulation analysis of these advantages by treating a specific example: that of second- and third-generation container vessels plying between the Far East and Europe. It tests the hypothesis that, on this particular route, the increase in fuel costs is tending to give a competitive edge to Mediterranean ports compared with those in north-western Europe.     

Exploring the link between oil prices and tanker rates

Given the secular and sharp rise in oil prices over the past decade, this study analyses the impact that the spike in oil prices has on tanker rates. We investigate a dynamic model explaining spot tanker rates. The magnitude of the impact of oil prices on the shipping industry, in terms of the level and volatility of spot (voyage) under bull and bear market conditions. The West African–US Gulf Tanker Rates, West Texas Intermediate spot and 3-month futures contract, and US Weekly Petroleum Inventories are analysed using cointegration and Granger causality analysis, from 1997 through 2007, in order to examine the lead–lag relationship between oil prices and tanker freight rates. Our findings show a relationship between spot and future crude oil prices, crude oil inventories and tanker rates. The significant increase of freight rates, and the simultaneous increase in oil prices, during the recent years, provides an intriguing economic environment to identify relationships between shipping market rates and oil prices. These relationships have significant implications for the markets. At the practical level, the better understanding of the relationship between freight rates and crude oil prices can improve operational management and budget planning decisions.     

超宽“海上渔场”海运砰击数值模拟与分析

考虑到半潜船海上运输超宽悬垂货物过程中可能发生波浪砰击,提出利用波浪势流理论及超宽悬垂货物海运过程中砰击控制条件的数值模拟方法,以半潜式“海上渔场”载运为例,利用OCTOPUS软件建立计算模型,模拟海运过程中不同海况、航行吃水及航速情况下,船舶横摇、纵摇、垂荡、“海上渔场”砰击发生概率及砰击载荷的变化情况,“海上渔场”海运过程砰击数值模拟结果与工程实际数据十分吻合,验证了数值模拟方法的合理、可行。