表面噪声矢量场空间相关特性射线声学建模(英文)

Spatial correlation of sound pressure and particle velocity of the surface noise in horizontally stratified media was demonstrated,with directional noise sources uniformly distributed on the ocean surface.In the evaluation of particle velocity,plane wave approximation was applied to each incident ray.Due to the equivalence of the sound source correlation property and its directivity,solutions for the spatial correlation of the field were transformed into the integration of the coherent function generated by a single directional source.As a typical horizontally stratified media,surface noise in a perfect waveguide was investigated.Correlation coefficients given by normal mode and geometric models show satisfactory agreement.Also,the normalized covariance between sound pressure and the vertical component of particle velocity is proportional to acoustic absorption coefficient,while that of the surface noise in semi-infinitely homogeneous space is zero.     

宽带声矢量场的表征(英文)

Compared to a scalar pressure sensor, a vector sensor can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signal and more detailed information on the sound field. Study on vector sensors and their applications have become a hot topic. Research on the representation of a vector field is highly relevant for extending the scope of vector sensor technology. This paper discusses the range-frequency distribution of the vector field due to a broadband acoustic source moving in a shallow-water waveguide as the self noise of a surface ship, and the vector extension of the waveguide impulse response measured over a limited frequency range using an active source of known waveform. From theory analysis and numerical simulation, the range-frequency representation of a vector field exhibits an interference structure qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding pressure field but, being quantitatively different, provides additional information on the waveguide, especially through the vertical component. For the range-frequency representation, physical quantities that can better exhibit the interference characteristics of the waveguide are the products of pressure and particle velocity and of the pressure and pressure gradient. An image processing method to effectively detect and isolate the individual striations from an interference structure was reviewed briefly. The representation of the vector impulse response was discussed according to two different measurement systems, also known as particle velocity and pressure gradient. The vector impulse response representation can not only provide additional information from pressure only but even more than that of the range-frequency representation.     

一种色噪声环境下的阵列扩展方法(英文)

An array extension method in a noisy environment was proposed to improve angular resolution and array gain. The proposed method combines the FOC (fourth-order cumulants) technique with the ETAM (extended towed array measurements) method to extend array aperture and suppress Gaussian noise. First, successive measurements of a virtual uniform linear array were constructed by applying fourth-order cumulants to measurements of uniform linear array; Gaussian noise in these measurements was also eliminated. Then, the array was extended by compensating phase differences using the ETAM method. Finally, the synthetic aperture was extended further by the fourth-order cumulants technique. The proposed FOC-ETAM-FOC method not only improves angular resolution and array gain, but also effectively suppresses Gaussian noise. Furthermore, it inherits the advantages of the ETAM method. Simulation results showed that the FOC-ETAM-FOC method achieved better angular resolution and array gain than the ETAM method. Furthermore this method outperforms the ETAM method in Gaussian noise environment.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors＇ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.     

A method of multi-channel reference signals acquiring in broadband ANC

In a flank array on an unmanned underwater vehicle （UUV）, self-generated noise which has broadband and colored spectrum property in frequency and spatial domain is the main factor affecting the performance of weak signal detection, so the technique of adaptive noise cancellation （ANC） as well as physical denoising and active noise cancellation are often used in practice. Because ANC is based on correlations, improvements in performance come from better correlation between reference signals and primary signals. Taking full advantage of the characteristics of flank arrays and the characteristics of information obtained from hydrophones, a new method for reference signal acquisition for adaptive noise cancellation is proposed, in which the multi-channel reference signals are obtained by accurate delaying for a given direction of arrival （DOA） and differencing between adjacent outputs of array elements. The validity of the proposed method was verified through system modeling simulations and lake experiments which showed good performance with little additional computational burden.     

Multi-sources distinguishing of vector transducer via differential evolution

1 Introduction1 New methods of parameter estimation are possible by the appearance of vector transducer. A new method of multi-parameters estimation by single vector transducer was presented in Ref.[1].The correlation of pressure and particle velocity in …     

A new source number estimation method based on the beam eigenvalue

Most source number estimation methods based on the eigenvalues are decomposed by covariance matrix in MUSIC algorithm. To develop the source number estimation method which has lower signal to noise ratio and is suitable to both correlated and uncorrelated impinging signals, a new source number estimation method called beam eigenvalue method (BEM) is proposed in this paper. Through analyzing the space power spectrum and the correlation of the line array, the covariance matrix is constructed in a new way, which is decided by the line array shape when the signal frequency is given. Both of the theory analysis and the simulation results show that the BEM method can estimate the source number for correlated signals and can be more effective at lower signal to noise ratios than the normal source number estimation methods.     

Study on fast calibration of a ULA＇s gain and phase error

Array calibration is important in engineering practice. In this paper, fast calibration methods for a ULA＇s gain and phase errors both in far and near fields are proposed. In the far field, using a single sound source without exact orientation, this method horizontally rotates the array exactly once, performs eigen value decomposition for the covariance matrix of received data, then computes the gain and phase error according to the formulas. In the near field, using the same single sound source, it is necessary to rotate the array horizontally at most three times, build equations according to geometric relations, then solve them. Using the formula proposed in this paper, spherical waves are modified into plane waves. Then eigen values decomposition is performed. These two calibration methods were shown to be valid by simulation and are fast, accurate and easy to use. Finally, an analysis of factors influencing estimation precision is given.     

Application of frequency estimation algorithm based on a single vector sensor in underwater acoustic communication

1 Introduction1 An acoustic vector sensor (AVS) simultaneously measures the acoustic pressure and the components of acoustic particle velocity which render the basis for developing new signal processing methods[1-2]. The higher processing gain can be obta…     

基于空间域数据拟合的声矢量阵多目标分辨算法研究

为了提高矢量传感器阵列的方位估计性能,提出了一种基于空间域数据拟合的矢量阵多目标分辨算法,通过利用已知的空间域数据信息,构造出新的声压与振速的接收数据协方差矩阵,在多目标分辨能力上对经典MUSIC算法予以改进。理论分析和计算机仿真表明,在各向同性噪声场中,新算法在提高多目标分辨能力方面比传统方法更有效。     

基于声矢量传感器阵的相干源高分辨方位估计

声矢量传感器能同时共点获得声场中声压、振速信息及更多的信息量,具有很好的应用前景.研究了声矢量传感器阵方位估计的多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法,并在此基础上推导了基于空间前向平滑算法的声矢量传感器阵相干源方位估计的方法.采用该方法可以有效地对相干源进行方位估计,同时综合利用声压、振速信息可以实现信号源方位360°无模糊估计,计算机仿真表明该方法具有较好的方位估计性能.     

引入导航信息与雷达互测机制的目标指令误差估计方法

中段接力制导作战是协同作战的一种具体协同模式。提出基于平台间雷达互测机制与导航信息的目标指令参数误差估计模型。根据平台间的雷达互测机制得到的平台量测和两平台惯导设备输出的自身定位信息,在发射平台的传感器局部坐标系中表示出目标和平台的位置坐标,实现多传感器数据位置对准,并对各平台的设备偏差进行估计和补偿,消除系统误差的影响,提高了各平台的传感器测量数据精度。     

水听器混合阵列MUSIC方位估计研究

实际应用中,矢量水听器阵列是声压水听器阵列通道数的三倍（二维矢量水听器阵列）或四倍（三维矢量水听器阵列）,其相应的数据量、信号处理复杂度及成本亦明显增加。在阵列中混合配置声压水听器与矢量水听器,是一种解决该问题的有效途径。利用多重信号分类法（MUSIC）,对五种配置的水听器混合阵列进行研究,分析在不同信噪比、目标相对运动时对方位估计的影响。仿真表明,在有相同数目矢量水听器时,水听器混合阵列间隔配置比集中配置要好;在目标方位未知的情况下,在中间配置一个矢量水听器比在一端配置要合理。     

深海矢量噪声场声传播特性研究

矢量声压振速联合处理是建立在信号的声压和质点振速相位基础上,海洋环境边界对声传播的影响将改变矢量声场声压和质点振速的幅度和相位特性。文章根据南海环境条件和水下目标辐射噪声测量采用矢量简正波理论估算海面非相干偶极子噪声源和水下点声源矢量场的幅度和相位随深度的变化,并对矢量水听器测量系统获取的南海典型深度上的背景噪声数据进行了分析。结果表明:深海背景噪声声压谱级在500 Hz以下基本上不随深度变化,在500 Hz-3 kHz频段浅深度背景噪声声压谱级略高于较深深度的背景噪声声压谱级;背景噪声的垂直质点振速谱级要小于声压和水平质点振速谱级。     

相关噪声背景下声矢量阵目标方位估计

传统的矢量水听器数据处理方法将单个矢量水听器的输出用一复数向量来表示,没有充分利用矢量水听器各振速通道的正交特性,为此提出了用复四元数对矢量水听器的输出数据建模,将矢量水听器输出的三个振速分量用复四元数的三个虚部表示,保留了矢量水听器各阵元的正交性,对相关噪声有较好的抑制能力。针对声源的非平稳特性,将观测数据分成多个子段,计算每个子段的协方差矩阵并进行向量化处理,通过一正交映射,消除干扰噪声,最后对去除噪声的伪协方差矩阵做特征值分解,利用MUSIC算法原理建立目标的方位估计公式。算法降低了对声源信号平稳性要求,对相关噪声有较强的鲁棒性。     

子阵波束域自适应波束形成方法研究

阵列输出的有限次快拍处理等效地增加了信号之间及信号与噪声之间的相关性,导致了现有的子阵自适应处理方法在小快拍数目时的性能损失.现提出一种子阵波束域自适应波束形成算法,通过对子阵多波束输出的协方差矩阵求平均,减弱信号之间的相关性,从而提高自适应波束形成算法的性能.仿真结果表明,该提算法在小快拍数情况能够大大提高输出信干噪比,并有效地抑制阵元上接收的随机噪声.