散货船特殊要求的适用及检查探讨

文中通过梳理国际公约中对散货船特殊要求的修正情况,明确了以散装形式装运干散货的船舶如何满足SOLAS公约中对散货船的特殊要求,并结合笔者的检查经验,总结归纳了散货船的检查要点。     

小型液货船惰性气体系统最新动向

防止油船和化学品船火灾及爆炸事故一直是IMO关注的问题,同时也是油轮公司和化学品船公司日常安全管理的重点之一。液货船(包括油船、化学品船和液化气体船)在海上航行或在货物操作期间,可能发生各种不可预测的因素,存在着很多巨大的火灾或爆炸危险性。为确保安全,避免航行及货物操作期间各种不可预测因素的影响,只有在液货船,如油船上安装惰性气体系统,并对船员作全面培训,才能减少甚至防止事故的发生。     

普通杂货船安全状况研究

为揭示普通杂货船安全事故的主要原因及规律,对近年来国际海事组织关于普通杂货船安全问题的提案进行了比较研究,同时也对欧盟海事局、国内相关的普通杂货船事故统计结果进行了分析比较。研究发现目前普通杂货船全损事故数占各类船舶全损事故总数的40%左右;1992年2月1日之前建造的多数普通杂货船不满足破损稳性要求;沉没、碰撞、火灾及搁浅是导致普通杂货船事故的主要原因;装卸超长、超重货物与普通杂货船沉没具有关联性。根据揭示的普通杂货船事故发生的主要原因和规律,针对海事主管机构、船级社和船公司提出了预防普通杂货船事故发生的管理措施。     

论《国际海运固体散装货物规则》的实施

文中就《国际海运固体散装货物规则》生效后,根据交通运输部海事局《关于执行<国际海运固体散装货物规则>有关事项的通知》要求,结合国内固体散装货物运输的现状,就海运固体散装货物申报、载运固体散装货物船舶申报进行了细致分析。对载运固体散装货物船舶提出了具体要求。针对检测机构,固体散装货物装、卸作业单位和海事机构监管工作提供了具有可操作性的参考。     

渤海海峡客滚船货物运输安全监管机制的发展

文中介绍了渤海海峡客滚船货物运输安全监管机制的发展历程,分析了监管部门采取引入第三方检测机构、提高自身技术实力等新举措以来取得的成绩,提出了新机制面临的问题及其解决方法,以期提高渤海海峡客滚货物运输安全监管的水平     

Formal safety assessment and application of the navigation simulators for preventing human error in ship operations

The International Maritime Organization （IMO） has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.     

船舶防海盗袭击的对策

近十几年来,曾一度销声匿迹的海盗又死灰复燃,据IMO统计,从1984年初至1999年11月底,IMO收到全球范围内海盗袭击商船事件的报告1 587起,海盗对船舶的袭击,轻则偷盗船舶上物品和船员的个人贵重物品,重则杀死船员抢劫船舶和货物。从船员和船舶安全的角度,介绍船舶防止海盗袭击的应急反应和防范对策。     

载运危险货物船舶电气关键技术要求分析

根据《国际海运固体散货(IMSBC)规则》和《国际海运危险货物(IMDG)规则》的有关规定,以及《国际海上人命安全公约》(SOLAS)、CCS《钢质海船入级规范》及国际电工技术委员会IEC60092-506的相关要求,着重对危险区域划分的关键要点、以及船舶载运不同危险货物,有关电气设备需采取不同安全措施的关键技术要求进行分析和阐述,供船舶设计,审图及发证参考。     

集装箱船装运危险货物的适用规则解读

分析了船上危险货物的种类及防爆要求。通过解读规范要求,整理出集装箱船可运输的危险品种类及特殊要求。根据运输危险货物的要求,归纳总结集装箱船设计中应该注意的供水、通风、人员保护和机器处所限界面隔热等问题,并提出设计运输危险货物的集装箱船时应遵循的主要原则。     

Statistics and damage assessment of ship grounding

In this paper, general statistics of ship grounding incidents are considered and the damage extent distributions for Ro–Ro ships are presented from the results of a comprehensive damage data survey conducted using Lloyd's Register's damage database. Theoretical models and semi-empirical formulae based on parametric studies are used to study the damage extents of grounded ships. Two real life grounding accidents are assessed. One is a single hull VLCC grounded onto a single rock and the other is a cargo ship grounded onto multiple rocks. A simulation based on a simple multi-rock scenario has been conducted on a 304-m single hull tanker. Correlation is made between the present calculation method results, statistical results and IMO requirements. The paper concludes with the main findings from the study.     

A study of maritime security and piracy

This paper studies the contributing factors of maritime piracy by analyzing previous incidents that have been reported to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Part of the analysis is to filter those ship types that are particularly vulnerable to piracy attacks. The paper also introduces the guidelines developed by the IMO and the industry envisaging to minimize the risk to ships that are exposed to attacks from pirates. It further describes the initiatives taken to develop a sustainable mechanism in the high-risk area (HRA)¹ to suppress piracy and other maritime crimes. This study reflects the fact that maritime security and piracy issues’ importance has been increasingly recognized in the 40 year history of Maritime Policy & Management.     

20万t级双燃料散货船水雾系统设计

以20万t级双燃料散货船为对象,针对布置于主甲板面上的IMO Type-C LNG燃料舱及其周边区域的消防保护问题,结合散货船舶设计经验和LNG供气系统实际布置,提出套满足相关规范和实船使用要求的水雾系统的设计方案,实现一般情况下的舱体冷却,以及火情发生情况下的有效灭火并控制火势蔓延。     

基于SEEMP的船舶营运能效评价指数的开发及应用:韩国某案例研究（英文）

The CO_2 emission reduction policy of the International Maritime Organization(IMO) recommends that the operation of ships,managed by maritime transport companies, should be energy-efficient. An evaluation method that can determine how successfully a ship implements the energy efficiency plan is proposed in this study. To develop this method, the measures required for energy-efficient ship operations according to the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan(SEEMP) operational guidelines were selected. The weights of the selected measures, which indicate how they contribute to the energy-efficient operation of a ship, were derived using a survey based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. Consequently, using these measures and their weights, a new evaluation method was proposed. This evaluation method was applied to shipping companies in South Korea, and their ship operation energy efficiency indices were derived and compared. This evaluation method will be useful to the government and shipping companies in assessing the energy efficiency of ship operations.     

液货舱自由液面修正

探讨了国际海事组织(IMO)完整稳性规则自由液面修正条款对满载液货舱的适用性,提出了液货舱自由液面修正建议。     

不适用SOLAS第XI-2章和ISPS规则的船舶保安问题的发展

不适用SOLAS第XI-2章和ISPS规则的船舶保安问题成为最近几次IMO海上安全委员会的一个重要议题。目前IMO正在制定有关该问题的建议性指南。我国拥有大量的将受该建议性指南影响的船舶,因此有必要对此进行跟踪研究,以期在该指南的制定中提出适合中国国情的建议。文中介绍了不适用SOLAS第XI-2章和ISPS规则的船舶保安问题的背景、目前的发展状态及该建议性指南未来在中国适用的优势劣势分析。     

A case study related to the improvement of working and rest hours of oil tanker deck officers

Navigation safety on coastal waters is an extremely important issue. Fatigue is an important factor threatening navigation safety. Considering that the vessel type is an oil tanker, such a threat is not posed only to the crew but also to the environment. Most of the tankers navigating coastal waters are in the small tanker category. Therefore, this study examined the working and resting hours of the deck officers in the oil tankers navigating coastal waters. The study utilized the ISF Watchkeeper 3 program for assessing and interpreting the working periods. The study reached the conclusion that the first and second officers in particular are working under unsuitable conditions. To improve the working conditions of the deck officers, effects of additional cargo officer on board was investigated. This study is in quality of recommendation. The study elucidated that the cargo officer practice determines the working and resting hours of deck officers, in the work on the oil tankers, and compliance with the related conventions.     

International container design regulations and ISO standards: are they fit for purpose?

Increasing stack heights on container ships and growing volumes of high density cargo have increased the loads and stresses placed on containers, requiring an assessment of current container strength specifications. Growing adoption of terminal automation is also requiring greater standardisation in the codification and marking of containers. However, it is shown that there is widespread misunderstanding of the roles of the IMO and the ISO in regulating and promoting standards in the design, dimensions, ratings, coding, marking and strength of containers. In this paper the legal status of the IMO’s Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) and ISO standards is clarified, and a common container specification framework is developed to assess the extent to which international regulations and standards are aligned. The analysis identifies gaps and inconsistencies between regulations and standards and assesses the impact these have on operations and safety. The study highlights to policy makers anomalies arising from the recent inclusion in the CSC of direct references to ISO standards. Finally, in providing a comprehensive definition of container specifications the paper provides a knowledge base to promote theory building for applied researchers in the field of container technology and operations.     

货物单元系固方案校核方法的运用

在船舶运输中,货物单元合理系固是确保船舶安全的重要因素。IMO关于货物单元系固所提供的经验方法和精确计算方法,在实际应用中各有优点和不足,针对这两种方法的效果进行比较研究,在确保船舶安全的前提下,找到一种既精确又更为便捷的方法,具有普遍适用性。     

Maritime legislation: new areas for safety of life at sea

This study reveals areas where IMO regulations of safety of life at sea can be improved upon. After examination of 5389 mortality and 3559 accident cases of UK seamen and 6878 fatalities of worldwide seamen, it finds fatalities due to personal accidents on board ship constitute ～90% of all mortality cases. Therefore, prevention of personal accidents should be given a higher priority. It reveals also that accidents involving coastal (domestic) ferries were another concern in the safety of life in shipping, e.g. in 1996 alone more than 2562 fatalities occurred in this sector. As a case study, the nationalities of 364 deceased seamen in bulk carrier disasters (1990–1998) are identified. Fatalities to British and worldwide seamen are based on the data obtained from various sources. However, fatalities to seamen working on board open registry ships are the best estimation, based on the information available to the authors.     

基于安全返港要求的大型客船电力推进系统设计

大型客船因载客数量大且密集,安全返港设计已成为其一项关键的核心设计要求。文中以某大型客船为例,结合国际海事组织的安全返港法相关要求,对该客船的电力推进系统配置和分隔布置进行设计,论述了在不超过安全界限的进水或火灾事故情况下,综合电力推进系统应如何满足安全返港设计要求。该文可为客船设计人员及客船其他相关系统的设计提供设计思路和参考。