油船管理和自我评估（TMSA）的推行

文中分析了《油轮管理和自我评估》（TMSA）的实施对国际油船公司的影响,并针对如何推行TMSA提出了具体措施,为各油船公司推行TMSA人员提供参考。     

大连远洋运输公司AMOS2系统的应用情况及实施要点

AMOS2系统是大连远洋运输公司在国内首家引进和实施的针对质量与安全管理的集成系统与二次开发平台。AMOS2系统包括管理程序、通函、不符合项以及事故的管理等功能,着重为公司的油船运输管理提供符合TMSA与其他质量安全规范的、支持体系持续改进的IT服务。总结大连远洋运输公司AMOS2系统的应用情况,对该系统的实施要点进行分析。     

油轮运输业将提升管理水平

《大公报》消息，德国国际油轮管理公司（ITMC）近期完成全球首份‘油轮管理与自我评估’准则（TMSA）报告，目前正等待国际油轮业的复审。若一旦在全行业形成共识，未来全球油轮公司将采取自愿推行TMSA。目的是为油轮运输业持续改进自身管理水平，全面提高自身的安全。环境管理方面的水平，提升一个新的档次。     

论TMSA规则及其实施对油轮公司管理的影响

论文介绍了TMSA产生的国际背景,通过重点分析TMSA规则的特点,阐明TMSA的实施对国际石油运输市场及油轮公司管理的影响,同时对油轮公司实施TMSA的挑战与益处进行了说明。     

推进TMSA从培训做起

<正>TMSA作为当今要求最高的国际油轮安全管理指南,它遵循PDCA循环,持续改进,追求"零污染,零事故"。虽然不具有强制性,但目前全球已有1500余家船舶管理公司使用,并显示出持续增长的势头。     

船舶管理的定量评价

在分析油船管理与自我评估程序（Tanker Management and Self Assessment,缩写：TMSA）及关键绩效指标（Key Performance Indicators,缩写：KPD理论的基础上,考虑船舶管理系统要素与影响因素的实际情况,建立了适用于船舶管理的新的关键绩效指标体系,构建了船舶管理和自我评估的模糊数学模型。经数据计算与验证,KPI有利于定量化得到船舶管理与自我评估的综合评价结果。     

实施TMSA规则完善油轮公司管理体系

文章介绍了油轮管理与自评估程序(TMSA)产生的原因,着重分析了TMSA的特点以及实施的目的和作用, 同时对实施TMSA对油轮公司安全管理体系的完善和提高油轮公司安全管理的作用进行了阐述.     

石油公司检查演绎完美风暴

由于世界石油资源高度垄断,大型石油公司不仅可以支配石油资源,对石油运输也扮演着关键性角色.长久以来,世界各大油运公司都接受其严格的挑选和检查.然而,随着石油公司对油污事故所承担的责任不断加大,油公司不再满足于对船舶的检查,而转向同时对油轮船东的管理进行控制.2004年,油轮管理与自我评估体系(TMSA)问世,现已升级为第二版.目前,各油运公司都在积极地走上TMSA之路,但对于这一新的管理理论,在操作和理解上仍在不断探索,如何打开TMSA之门,使其理念不断提升?为此,本刊记者专访了香港海宏轮船公司副总张作勋先生,请他结合自身多年的经验对此作详细解读.     

TMSA:石油公司的质量武器

由于世界石油资源高度垄断,大型石油公司不仅可以支配石油资源,对石油运输也扮演着关键性角色.长久以来,世界各大油运公司都接受其严格的挑选和检查.然而,随着石油公司对油污事故所承担的责任不断加大,油公司不再满足于对船舶的检查,而转向同时对油轮船东的管理进行控制.2004年,油轮管理与自我评估体系(TMSA)问世,现已升级为第二版.目前,各油运公司都在积极地走上TMSA之路,但对于这一新的管理理论,在操作和理解上仍在不断探索,如何打开TMSA之门,使其理念不断提升?为此,本刊记者专访了香港海宏轮船公司副总张作勋先生,请他结合自身多年的经验对此作详细解读.     

油轮TMSA实施与统计分析

本文简单介绍了TMSA的来历、组成基本要素与实施要求,主要针对TMSA在油轮公司实施过程中,讨论了油轮公司管理者、岸基管理人员、船舶操作人员在船舶管理模式与理念方面的要求,并以百余艘次油轮接受TMSA的检查结果进行了统计分析.     

基于势流的水下滑翔机的飞行模拟器(英文)

Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with an unsteady potential flow model for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.     

How do ocean carriers organize the empty containers reposition activity in the USA?

The routing of empty containers is an unavoidable activity of the intermodal chain. In fact, import containers that arrive at a national port are sent toward a multiplicity of interior destinations. Then the empty containers must return to a port to accomplish an export voyage. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the organizational choice of ocean carriers to reposition their empty containers in the USA. Ocean carriers have four options to relocate their empty containers: the spot organization and the adoption of three different renewable contracts to frame the externalization. How do ocean carriers choose their organization form to relocate their empty containers?     

Some insights into competition between low-cost airlines

The phenomenon of the wide world growth in low-cost airlines has resulted in a focus on their pricing strategies, on issues of cost recovery and on their impact on the traffic and market shares of legacy carriers or other low-cost carriers when they are in competition, either directly or at adjacent airports.This paper provides a brief overview of the characteristics of these low-cost carriers as well as their history and geography. It goes on to outline ways in which these carriers compete and manage demand, ranging from price competition to advertising; some of these methods directly reflect their special characteristics. Some empirical evidence is presented which indicates a correlation in fare setting behaviour between competitors and insights are offered on cost recovery.The impact of the start-up of low-cost carriers is also analysed, focusing on their impacts on other low-cost carriers. The case of Ryanair competing with easyJet on London-Venice is examined along with Southwest and Frontier on Denver-Las Vegas.     

Round-the-world service: The rise of Evergreen and the fall of U.S. Lines

In the mid-1980s two very large steamship lines, Evergreen Marine Corporation and United States Lines, inargurated round-the-world (RTW) container ship service. The concept of tying together major transoceanic trade routes in a complete global network is feasible provided that the cargo volumes and freight revenues are sustainable. United States Lines employed enormous new container ships in their one-directional RTW service while Evergreen used frequent sailings of somewhat smaller vessels both eastbound and westbound in their RTW service. United States Lines, unfortunately, was unable to obtain sufficiently high load factors or enjoy sufficient economies of scale to survive whereas Evergreen, emphasizing their high quality service, not only survived but have continued their successful operations to this day.     

Computing airfare elasticities or opening Pandora's box

Airfare elasticities are crucial for policy instruments for the stakeholders of tourism industry. Modellers attempting to estimate these elasticities face several challenges in the absence of microeconomic data on consumer preferences. The aim of this paper is to offer a critical analysis of the practice of computing airfare elasticities from tourism demand studies. It identifies and discusses potential sources of measurement errors in the data and drawbacks that investigators face and assesses their implications for the estimated parameters in the respective models. The use of price of crude oil and distance between origin and destination as proxies for transportation costs are evaluated. It is recommended that authors be more systematic in reporting their results. They need to comment on the limitations of their elasticity estimates since these have repercussions on policy recommendations made based on their results.     

改革开放中一航局船厂的可持续发展之路

针对国有企业体制转型、实现市场经济模式的发展,论述了一航局所属三个船厂依据市场预测和发展战略的需要,着力开拓经营和产业结构调整,充分利用公司技术和装备的整体优势,改革、创新,切实提升自主科技创新能力。在短短的5年间,使生产规模和经济效益翻两番以上。     

Reader＇s Guide

<正>Dear readers: Golden autumn of October suggests a harvest season and vitality in port business as well.Agreat number of ports and harbours across the country have actively made their contributions to ourMagazine in attempt to reflect their business achievements.Unfortunately we are unable to publishall articles,instead,we selectly release the information of break-through traffic records includingcontainers by port of Shenzhen that is really inspirative.We actively prospect overwhelmingly busi-ness situation in port industry in the country.     

(Law for the Promotion of Competition and Consumer Protection) was passed in early 1995. The impact this law will eventually have, however, is uncertain because rules for its implementation have not yet been established.

Governments in their port reform efforts have experimented with liberalization and commercialization to improve port operations. Because of their failure to meet expectations or because of changing competitive environments, these options have generally been discarded in favour of privatization. In mature large-volume port systems, privatization was a relatively obvious solution, because interport or interterminal competition would be achieved to the extent that the monopolistic tendencies characteristic of their predecessor organizations would cease to exist. In countries with a limited number of ports having relatively small cargo volumes, however, the case is quite different. These countries would have to pursue strategies that would still induce competition in spite of their limited cargo volumes if they hoped to achieve the same privatization benefits and market disciplines enjoyed in other countries. This article examines the port reform approaches used in three distinct competitive settings;the experiences in these countries offer some guidance on how to assure that ports will feel competitive pressures even under conditions of limited cargo volumes.