Workshop report - Public transport markets in development

Developing countries and countries in transition represent between 85% and 90% of the world’s population and face unique public transport challenges that are not necessarily present in developed countries. Issues such as the affordability and accessibility of public transport, funding support and capacity to implement are some of the challenges these countries face. Barriers to strategy implementation in these countries could be a failure to understand the broader business and social environment, poor leadership, a lack of inter-disciplinary and inter-implementer collaboration, and weak monitoring and feedback loops. Weak institutional frameworks are evidenced in inappropriate structures often resulting in institutional inertia and conflict. Over-promising of potential impacts and benefits together with a failure to develop sustainable funding mechanisms often lead to a lack of implementation. The workshop argued that different competition and ownership solutions are needed for a range of factors. This poses a challenge to the THREDBO community as it could mean that the traditional concepts are either not relevant or not usable in the majority of the world’s developing countries, or that the traditional approaches are relevant in many respects but need to be substantially extended and adapted to be applicable and usable in the rest of the world.     

Public transport in towns - Inevitably on the decline?

Bus transport in Linköping, a town of 140?000 people, was strongly on the increase up to the beginning of the 1980s, when a negative trend-break occurred. A demand model is developed which explains both the ongoing decline and the preceding increase. Based on this model, it is examined whether a change of the current bus transport policy towards an optimal pricing and investment policy from a social point of view could evoke a new and positive trend-break. Taking current trends in the exogenous factors into account it would. However, this could depend on a possible revival of bicycling in towns.     

Quality incentives and quality outcomes in procured public transport - Case study Stockholm

Gross contracts appear to be the most common contract form for procured public transport in Sweden and elsewhere. This contract form, it has been argued, gives weak incentives for operators to deliver the desired quality level. Therefore many procuring public transport authorities amend contracts with quality incentives.This paper examines how such quality incentives influence quality outcomes with focus on cancelled departures and delays. The main findings are that the introduction of quality incentives are correlated with both increases and decreases of measured quality outcomes.We hypothesise that the results are driven by underlying cost changes for achieving desired quality objectives that exceed the possible revenues from the incentives. In interviews with the Stockholm public transport authority (SL) and some operators, two central observations surface. The first is that there are causes for quality failures that are not solely the responsibility of operators and that these are therefore not fully reached by the incentives, and the second is that the operators believe that they have exhausted what they can do under the current contracts.     

The impact of transitional changes on maritime transport in Central and Eastern Europe

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Central and Eastern European shipping. Former socialist shipping corporations began offering services under market conditions and left behind the rigid leeway of central planning and regulation. Extensive adjustments in ownership and legislation have transpired, and services and markets, as well as the operations within, have changed significantly. The restructuring of maritime transport is being carried out within the framework of forms that derive from changes in the economic macrosystems as a whole. Careful analysis of the process of corporate transition identifies unique patterns of diminishing, permanent, and incipient components utilized during the reorientation of fleet strategy, market and service changes, and company restructuring. All transition arrangements have been greatly influenced by the integration of Central Eastern European countries with the European Union.     

The impact of transitional changes on maritime transport in Central and Eastern Europe

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Central and Eastern European shipping. Former socialist shipping corporations began offering services under market conditions and left behind the rigid leeway of central planning and regulation. Extensive adjustments in ownership and legislation have transpired, and services and markets, as well as the operations within, have changed significantly. The restructuring of maritime transport is being carried out within the framework of forms that derive from changes in the economic macrosystems as a whole. Careful analysis of the process of corporate transition identifies unique patterns of diminishing, permanent, and incipient components utilized during the reorientation of fleet strategy, market and service changes, and company restructuring. All transition arrangements have been greatly influenced by the integration of Central Eastern European countries with the European Union.     

Implementation of sustainable urban transport in Latin America

Transportation provides vital support to the economic and social development of Latin America cities, but current growth patterns and trends are not sustainable. While non-motorized and public transport modes have the largest shares in passenger transport, there is a strong increase in ownership and use of cars and motorcycles. In Latin America in 2010 there were 2.5 new motor vehicle registrations for every new child being born.     

The 2008 New Zealand public transport management act: Rationale, key provisions, and parallels with the United Kingdom

In January 2009, following a lengthy industry review and consultation process, the New Zealand Public Transport Management Act (PTMA) came into force. The Act allows Regional Transport Authorities, as the primary procurers of public transport services, to place either a control or a contracting requirement upon services that are registered as commercial requiring no subsidy. The imposition of either the control or the contracting requirement is designed to facilitate greater system integration, improve service continuity and enhance services to the customer, andallow the Authority to invest in key strategic projects, such as integrated fares and ticketing, so as to grow patronage.The PTMA’s other objective is to ensure improved value for public subsidies. Recent years have seen significant subsidy inflation for seemingly little commensurate benefits. The Act will allow the Regional Transport Authority to achieve greater value for money through improved farebox, a shift to longer, larger contracts to increase competition in the market, a more appropriate allocation of risk, and the removal of the ability of operators to ‘game’ the current system by using strategically placed commercial services as barriers to competition.Similar concerns have also stimulated new legislation in the UK and this paper illustrates the parallels in the environment and proposed response.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

Public transport in South Africa is one of the most burning issues in the transport sector. The government is faced with huge public pressure to improve public transport systems in the face of rising fuel costs, the pending implementation of expensive urban toll road systems in the Gauteng province, and elsewhere in urban environments, public transport safety issues, public transport fleet renewal, especially the commuter rail services, as well as limited resources to fund public transport. As a developing country, the South African Government has pressing funding issues such as funds needed to improve housing for the poor to improve schooling and public health services. Government is also faced with a vocal minibus taxi industry that transports an estimated 65% of all commuters in the country that is also insisting on subsidies for its services.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

In South Africa, a restructuring of the public transport system is currently under way. In the bus industry the tender for contract system is being implemented, the commuter rail sector is being recapitalised and the minibus taxi industry recapitalization programme is in its early stages. Progress with policy implementation across the modes of transport, modal split trends and issues that hamper the full development of the public transport industry are discussed in this paper. Medium to long term policy and strategy initiatives that will further inform the development of the industry are also highlighted in this chapter.     

Containerization and the decline of the upstream urban port in Europe

This paper examines the impact of containerization on upstream urban ports in Europe, briefly discusses the changing socio-economic role of such ports,and considers whether the few remaining upstream urban ports currently still attracting large containerships can continue to do so in the long-term. Citing the trend towards larger containerships, the analysis concludes by offering the view that continued investment in container-handling infrastructure within traditional upstream urban ports may be a flawed policy. Such ports are becoming outmoded (for the largest containerships), superseded by more appropriate custom-built infrastructure at coastal locations.     

RFID在集装箱运输管理中的应用

根据集装箱运输管理中所面临的难题以及参与集装箱运输的企业的特点,对RFID在集装箱运输管理中应用的节点选择、RFID标签信息的更新、相关企业信息的获取以及RFID系统的应用对集装箱运输相关企业的影响进行研究,并提出RFID应用于集装箱运输管理的关键问题。     

集装箱桥吊机型与市场分析

新近出版的2000年《国际集装化年鉴》载文分析了近年集装箱码头起重机机型发展趋势与市场销售动态.现据以编译报道于后,供业内人士研究参考.     

新公共管理视角下 我国海事立法工作的思考

文中在新公共管理视角下,针对我国海事立法现状,从立法理念、立法机制和信息化保障等方面进行分析,并以"提高制度建设质量"为出发点,借鉴国际海事组织提出的GBS相关理念,对如何提高海事立法工作质量提出建议。     

The role of Mediterranean short sea shipping in the EU transport chain: The case of Greece

The European Community has provided valuable support to short sea shipping through various programs and legislation. This paper analyses the situation while focusing on the Mediterranean Sea and suggests solutions for addressing the short sea shipping problems in this special region. The biggest challenge for all sides in the comingyears will be the replacement of the existing fleet. The study presented herein gives an insightful and collective picture of the situation, while focusing on the Greek owned short sea vessels.     

大规模沥青混凝土面摊铺施工组织与管理

城市道路特别是大规模城市道路工程的沥青混凝土面层的摊铺施工组织与管理工作的好坏对于加快施工进度、保证施工质量具有重要决定性作用.本文通过对济南市经十路道路SMA沥青混凝土上面层的施工组织管理工作的介绍与分析,系统阐述了当今大面积城市道路沥青混凝土摊铺施工的经验与做法.     

浅析水上交通行业中央企业安全生产监督管理

作为国民经济的重要组成部分,水上交通行业中的中央企业(以下简称央企)无论其经济效益还是社会影响力均显得尤其重要,做好央企安全监管对保障国民经济平稳较快发展,促进全国安全生产形势稳定具有重要意义。央企安全生产规章制度、安全管理机构设置及安全投入情况,决定了其安全管理水平高于其他类型航运企业,文章通过天津辖区央企安全监管工作,分析央企安全生产工作经验,期望能促进辖区其他类型公司安全管理,从而提高辖区整体安全管理水平。     

A quarter a century of port management in Europe: objectives and tools

The past quarter of a century has brought with it significant change in the field of port management, both in terms of the goals that are set and the tools used. This trend has resulted in increased pressure on port authorities. The purpose of this paper is to deal in greater detail with developments in this area of port economics.     

集装箱运输及多式联运中的现代化管理技术及其应用

集装箱以其高效、便捷、安全的特点,逐渐被物流行业所接受,成为国际物流的重要载体。随着物流信息技术的发展,实时掌握货物动态已成为必然和可能,对集装箱运输的管理也提出更高的要求。射频识别技术（RFID）对于集装箱识别及信息化管理水平的提高有重要作用,集装箱车辆跟踪和管理系统能更好地保障集装箱运输企业的经济效益和生产安全,基于XML的电子数据交换（EDI）系统在传统EDI系统基础上更好地实现数据动态共享。