Review of research on ship flow field measurement technology北大核心CSCD

通过对舰船周围流场信息进行精细化描述,即可从流动机理角度反馈舰船宏观水动力表现的内在本质,而优质的流场测试技术是保证流场精细化描述的必要手段。从舰船流场测试的工程需求出发,根据技术特点梳理现阶段舰船流场试验测试技术的发展现状、应用场景及特性问题,建议从硬件升级与技术融合、算法更迭与功能扩展、数据同化与机器学习等角度切入,以推动流场测试技术朝着综合性、专业化、高效化等方向快速发展。     

Analysis of naval warship blast and shock resistance technology system北大核心CSCD

舰船抗爆和抗冲击技术概念宏观,内涵广泛,对其认识理解、设计研究都需要技术体系的顶层划分和牵引。首先,基于武器攻击对舰船的爆炸毁伤类型,对舰船抗爆与抗冲击这两个概念进行划分;然后,基于舰船总体抗爆抗冲击设计技术需求,区分不同的研究对象及技术的基础理论,提出包含6大类型的舰船抗爆抗冲击技术体系的划分方案,即水上/水下防护结构设计、新型抗爆结构与毁伤分析、设备系统及人员抗冲击、舰船抗爆抗冲击试验验证及技术标准规范;最后,分别对舰船抗爆和抗冲击技术内涵进行详细阐述。所做研究可为我国舰船抗爆抗冲击技术体系的形成提供一个初步构想,供从事舰船抗爆抗冲击设计、研究及管理人员参考。     

Survey of ship platoon cooperative control北大核心CSCD

船舶列队是未来水路运输的重要方式。分析船舶列队协同控制的特点和原理;从船−岸协同交互、列队控制模型、列队运动控制、列队典型应用等4个方面分别进行现状分析与梳理。总结当前船舶列队控制技术瓶颈,包括人机共驾控制、列队控制运动不确定性建模、列队协同控制一致性、通信受限下船舶列队鲁棒控制及一致性控制等。最后,指出未来的船舶列队协同控制发展,应重点解决基于数据驱动与机理融合的列队运动建模、基于生物群体机制的船舶列队控制、基于分层控制的船舶列队控制等关键问题。     

Application research on intelligent technology of unmanned surface vessel engine room北大核心CSCD

全自主无人舰船正在受到越来越多的关注,机舱智能化技术是无人舰船长航程全自主运维的基础,是实现其任务使命的重要保障。首先综述国内外机舱智能化技术的发展现状,然后,从无人舰船机舱智能化的任务需求出发,分析机舱智能化应用管控的对象范围,并归纳出机舱智能化5个方面的能力目标图像。进而,基于“应用-控制-现场”分级,提出机舱智能化技术应用总体架构和系统组成,以及实现机舱智能化的技术途径。最后,对未来无人舰船的机舱智能化技术发展重点进行讨论。提出的目标图像和应用方案,对无人舰船机舱智能化技术应用总体研究和机舱智能化技术发展具有一定参考意义。     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

Overview of intelligent ship route optimization methods北大核心CSCD

智能船舶航线优化在学术界和工业界均受到越来越多的关注。针对智能船舶航线优化问题,从航线设计方法和航线优化算法这2个层面,分别阐述各种设计方法和优化算法的特点。结合近5年来的最新研究成果,在分析国内外智能船舶航线优化技术发展现状的基础上,将航线设计方法归纳为3种,即基于气象数据的航线优化、基于油耗模型的航线优化以及基于航线库或航路点库的航线优化,剖析其技术内涵及应用情况;深入分析改进的等时线法、动态规划法、图形搜索算法、智能算法、人工智能和机器学习算法的特性及不足,总结归纳将各类算法应用于智能船舶航线优化时存在的主要问题。最后,简要展望智能船舶航线优化的发展趋势,为未来在该领域的研究提供一定的思路。     

Finite-time ship formation control based on extended state observer北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了解决大多数船舶编队控制算法控制周期长和时效性差的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的有限时间控制策略。[方法]采用一种非线性终端滑模算法,通过对控制律分区域设计,克服传统终端滑模存在的奇异性问题;将非线性终端滑模与图论结合,实现有限时间的船舶编队控制;利用扩张状态观测器观测并补偿船舶模型中的不确定性及外界的干扰,以保证船舶编队控制的精确性;运用Lyapunov理论验证船舶编队控制律的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,采用所提控制策略使整个编队系统误差在5 s左右趋近于0,从而实现了稳定。[结论]该控制策略能有效控制船舶编队,且控制速度快、时效性好。     

Multi-objective optimization study on dimensions of medium-sized cruise ship in concept phase北大核心CSCD

［Objective］Aiming at the problem of too many influencing factors and too little reference data for determining the dimensions of medium-sized cruise ships in the concept phase, a simplified multi-objective optimization method based on the fitting of dimensions and performance is proposed. ［Method］First, the dimension relations of medium-sized cruise ships are analyzed and the influence of the latest SOLAS requirements used to determine the optimization range. Second, the influence of cruise ship dimensions on space, resistance, stability and seakeeping are analyzed. Next, based on the principles of genetic algorithms, a multiobjective optimization algorithm with high robustness and high engineering adaptability is determined to establish a multi-objective optimization model for the concept design of medium-sized cruise ships. Finally, the Pareto solution obtained by multi-objective optimization is analyzed to provide initial references for determining the dimensions of the target cruise ship. ［Results］Implemented via a genetic algorithm, the optimization program proposed herein is applied in the concept design of a medium-sized cruise ship in order to optimize the initial dimensions, thereby achieving the expected outcome of providing reasonable initial dimensions for cruise ship design. ［Conclusion ］ The proposed simplified multi-objective optimization model can provide feasible initial dimensions for medium-sized cruise ships in the concept phase. As the Pareto solution obtained by multi-objective optimization has different focuses such as resistance and stability, the most suitable solution needs to be selected according to the design object. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Analysis of the application and development of integrated electric power technology for unmanned ships北大核心CSCD

近年来,随着动力、信息等技术的不断发展,无人船在反水雷、反潜、电子战、海上安全、海上拦截等军用领域凸显出越来越大的优势。为此,首先阐述无人船及其动力技术的发展概况,明确综合电力系统已成为中大型无人船的重要发展趋势,然后介绍综合电力系统在有人/无人平台的应用情况,提出设备尺寸、重量和振动噪声控制等问题是综合电力系统应用于无人平台的研究重点,最后阐明无人平台综合电力技术的发展趋势,指出综合电力系统智能化运行、高性能电机材料、复杂电机系统信息感知、电力电子器件与系统、高性能电能变换和高效储能是无人平台综合电力技术的关键科学问题。     

Numerical calculation of coupled damage effects on ship subjected to internal blast loading of warhead北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper studies the coupled damage effects of a ship's structure due to the internal blast loading of a warhead. ［Methods］Blast tests with cased charge data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the coupled SPH-FEM approach, and numerical calculations are then performed on real ship compartment scale model tests to analyze the coupled fragmentation and shockwave damage effects of an explosion in a confined cabin.［Results］The results show that the fragments caused by the detonation of the warhead will first cause local damage to the cabin structure. The shockwave will exacerbate the local damage, and blasted openings will further increase the space for the propagation and diffusion of the shockwave inside the chamber, which will in turn cause damage to the adjacent structures. The simple equivalence of the warhead to a bare charge does not give a true picture of the effect of the warhead on the ship's structure, and fragmentation plays a significant role in the detonation of the warhead.［Conclusions］The results of this study show that employing the coupled SPH-FEM numerical method to calculate the coupling damage effects on a ship's structure can accurately reproduce the warhead damage pattern in tests, thereby providing support for the improved assessment of the damage of naval structures under warhead detonation. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Obstacle avoidance of unmanned ship swarm based on virtual navigator and improved Hooke's law北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对无人船集群规避障碍物的问题,提出一种基于虚拟领航者和改进胡克定律的弹性集群编队控制方法。[方法]首先,根据障碍物的长和宽得到其外接椭圆,按照长宽比向外扩展出虚拟碰障区、避障反应区、自由航行区,实现水面避障物模型的简化;其次,基于虚拟领航者和改进胡克定律,对编队各成员之间、各成员虚拟领航者之间的相对距离和速度予以约束,采用坐标形式设置编队队形,构建弹性编队模型,并基于障碍物的环形斥力场来实现单无人船的避障,以及在弹性集群编队的组织下实现无人船集群的避障;然后,通过优化处理无人船的航行过程,消除编队及避障过程中的“徘徊”和“振荡”等现象,使各无人船的运动更加平滑;最后,运用Matlab软件对由4艘无人船组成的集群编队进行仿真实验。[结果]实验结果表明,编队可成功绕过设置的所有障碍物,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。[结论]该方法可实现无人船集群对水面障碍物的规避,具备在一定复杂环境下的通过能力,可为无人船集群避障的应用及研究提供参考。     

Time domain modeling and simulation of warship flooding process based on counter-flooding activities北大核心CSCD

[目的]实战损伤条件下,舰艇进水是舱室进水漫延与舰员抗沉行为相对抗的过程。现有的不沉性理论无法客观、全面评估抗沉干预对战损舰艇进水过程的影响,缺少从全时域的角度对战损舰艇进水过程开展预测的手段。[方法]首先,分析抗沉干预下舰艇破损进水的耦合关系,构建进水过程时域模型,进而给出数值求解算法;其次,结合案例分析抗沉干预要素对不沉性的影响,并开发可视化、交互式的仿真系统。[结果]通过仿真系统实现了进水过程与多种抗沉干预方式的综合评估,是对现有不沉性理论的有效补充。[结论]该成果不仅可帮助设计人员掌握抗沉设计方案对干预进水过程的有效性,指导舰艇抗沉能力的设计;还可应用于抗沉指挥决策的态势预报,具有较高的军事应用价值。     

舰船消防安全工程研究现状北大核心CSCD

舰船消防安全工程理论是损管技术研究的理论基础。基于公共安全三角形原理,结合舰船损管防护技术特点,提出舰船消防安全工程理论框架体系,即舰船火灾演化、舰船火灾损伤和舰船火灾防护。分别从舱室与开放空间火灾动力学,以及人员、设备及结构的火灾损伤机理、火灾烟气控制、消除技术和新型灭火技术等方面分析了国内外研究进展。通过完善舰船消防安全工程理论体系,可不断提升我国的舰船火灾防治技术水平,进而提高我国舰船生命力。     

Calculation of vaulted magnetic field above ship using equivalent surface magnetic charge北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了获得舰船上方不同高度平面磁场数据,解决舰船上方拱顶磁场推算到平面磁场的问题,提出用面磁荷法进行舰船上方的磁场推算。[方法]从等效源理论出发,利用拱顶磁场数据进行反演建模,将舰船磁场等效为面磁荷产生的磁场,用面磁荷正演舰船上方的磁场。将面磁荷法推算出的磁场与舰船实际磁场进行对比,验证面磁荷法的可行性。[结果]通过数值仿真计算,舰船磁场垂直分量推算的相对均方根误差为0.44%;利用磁性船模进行实验分析,磁场垂直分量推算的相对均方根误差为7.64%。[结论]仿真和船模实验分析表明,利用面磁荷法进行磁场推算,其推算值与测量值较为吻合,推算的相对均方根误差较小,具有较高的精度,可用于实际工程计算。     

Situation and prospects of shipboard integrated power system reconfiguration technology北大核心CSCD

当前,船舶综合电力系统(IPS)正朝着复杂化、模块化、自动化方向发展,研究快速、稳定、能够应对各种突发状况的船舶综合电力系统重构技术对保障船舶安全和可靠航行具有重要意义。首先,综述当前国内外在船舶综合电力系统重构技术方面的研究进展,讨论集中式重构和分布式重构的特点,并对数学优化算法、启发式算法、人工智能算法等进行归纳总结;然后,分析面对多重并发故障时重构技术所面临的困难与挑战,提出需重点关注混杂系统建模和分层分布式重构框架的建立;最后,从重构模型建立、算法优化、分布式架构等方面对未来船舶综合电力系统重构的发展提出设想和建议。     

CATIA modeling method of ship hull with hull line as data input北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To simplify the ship modeling process and improve modeling efficiency, this paper proposes a method for rapidly implementing hull model creation based on hull line drawing.[Methods]Using the CATIA platform, this method adopts the component application architecture (CAA) development tool for secondary development. First, by reading the geometry elements and label information of the hull lines in a drawing, the transformation of the offset points from 2D to 3D is realized. On this basis, the creation of the hull lines, stern and bow is completed, and a 3D wireframe model obtained. Finally, the hull 3D modeling is completed in conjunction with the CATIA native surface creation command. The stability and reliability verification of the developed type value extraction and bow generation program is then carried out via application analysis.[Results]The results show that the compiled program can realize the automatic creation of offset points, transverse lines, waterlines, profile lines and other boundary lines except the top line of the wall, and the centerline and tangent lines created by the bow generator are easily modified and simple for users to operate. [Conclusions]The verification results show that the method of a creating hull model using Generative Shape Design and Drafting with the hull line drawing as the data input is stable, reliable and able to realize rapid hull modeling, giving it certain practical value. © The Author(s) 2022.     

Energy efficiency optimization analysis of fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid ship based on whale optimization algorithm北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升船舶的能源利用率,对多因素影响下的燃料电池/锂电池混合动力船舶能效优化方法进行分析。[方法]基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的能效仿真模型,研究通航环境要素对船舶能效的影响。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,提出基于模糊逻辑的功率分配策略,以优化系统能量流动。然后在此基础上,以系统总能耗最低为优化目标,建立考虑多因素的船舶航速非线性优化模型,采用鲸鱼优化算法开展优化模型动态寻优,并进行不同航行方法和航行时间约束下的能效优化分析。[结果]结果显示,在总航行时间不变的情况下,采用所提的考虑多因素的船舶能效优化方法可以降低船舶5.04%的总能耗和13.16%的燃料电池氢气总消耗。[结论]所述方法对船舶节能减排具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶续航力和经济性具有重要意义。     

舰船铅酸蓄电池室氢气浓度特征研究北大核心CSCD

[目的]为实现舰船铅酸蓄电池室蓄电池析氢特征在线识别和氢气控制系统量化设计,提出基于集总模型,综合考虑蓄电池析氢速率、系统通风净化风量、蓄电池室泄漏风量等关键参数的蓄电池室氢气浓度特征辨识方法。[方法]根据蓄电池室环境特征,建立舰船蓄电池室氢气浓度特征和蓄电池析氢速率预测数学模型,开发相应的计算程序,分析在给定系统运行策略下,不同蓄电池析氢速率和系统通风净化风量下的蓄电池室氢气浓度变化特征。[结果]蓄电池室氢气浓度变化特征受蓄电池析氢速率、蓄电池室泄漏风量和系统通风净化风量等因素共同影响。当析氢速率较低时(如新蓄电池),泄漏风量会显著影响氢气浓度上升速率;在给定策略下的蓄电池氢气净化系统日均运行频次可以反映蓄电池实际析氢速率特征,指导蓄电池寿命评价。[结论]舰船蓄电池析氢速率与多个参数关联,研究开发的预测模型可对舰船蓄电池室蓄电池析氢速率进行准确预测,并为系统设计和运行策略优化提供指导,相关思路和方法亦可推广应用于与氢气控制相似的其它舱室组分。     

Technology application and development trend of intelligent unmanned system北大核心CSCD

Intelligent unmanned system combat is moving from concepts to actual combat applications. The military applications of intelligent unmanned systems are emphasized by focusing on the needs of the combat missions that they will undertake on future battlefields and summarizing the development statuses of land, air and maritime unmanned systems. Aiming at the key problems faced by intelligent unmanned systems and the practical difficulties that will be faced on the battlefield in the future, we analyze the key technologies required for intelligent unmanned systems, including autonomous perception and understanding in complex environments, behavioral decision-making and trajectory planning, autonomous navigation and positioning, multi-scenario autonomous skill learning and intelligent control, unmanned cluster cooperative control, natural human-computer interaction, etc. At the same time, aiming at the problems that will be encountered in the further development of intelligent unmanned systems on the battlefield in the future, we start with individual enhancement and cluster enhancement, and conduct a detailed analysis of the development trends of intelligent unmanned systems. © 2022 Palaeobulgarica. All rights reserved.