新型透空板式防波堤消浪效果试验研究

为增大双层板式防波堤的波能耗散和防波堤结构的稳定,提出了的一种新型桩基双层板式防波堤,通过物理模型试验,对比分析了该防波堤结构（模型 c）与另两种结构型式的防波堤（模型 a、b）在不同的波浪参数下透射系数、反射系数的变化关系,探讨了新型桩基双层板式防波堤（模型 c）透射系数、反射系数随相对波高、相对水深及相对淹没深度的变化关系,分析了其波能损耗情况。结果表明,在试验范围内,对于长周期波,模型 c 比其他两种型式的防波堤消波效果好;当水深与模型顶平齐时新结构（模型 c）对波能的消耗大于淹没和出水两种情况,说明防波堤高程与水位平齐时其消波效果较好。     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of slotted breakwaters under regular waves

The performance of a slotted breakwater consisting of one row of vertical slots was investigated theoretically and experimentally under normal regular waves. A simple theoretical model based on an eigenfunction was developed. The wave transmission, reflection, energy loss, and hydrodynamic force exerted on the breakwater were calculated for different values of the wave and structure parameters. The validity of the theoretical model was examined by comparing its results with theoretical and experimental results obtained from different studies. It was found that the transmission coefficient decreases with increasing dimensionless wavenumber (kh), increasing wave steepness (H _i/L), and decreasing breakwater porosity (ε). The reflection coefficient showed the opposite trend to the transmission coefficient. Also, about 20–50% of incident wave energy was lost due to the effect of the breakwater. In addition, the proposed theoretical model can be used for predicting the performance of slotted breakwaters and the hydrodynamic forces exerted on these structures using the friction coefficient f = 1.5.     

波能转换型浮式防波堤的水动力性能研究（英文）

The integration of wave energy converters(WECs) with floating breakwaters has become common recently due to the benefits of both cost-sharing and providing offshore power supply. In this study, based on viscous computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory, we investigated the hydrodynamic performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters, both of which can also serve as WECs. A numerical wave flume model is constructed using Star-CCM+software and applied to investigate the interaction between waves and wave energy converters while completing the verification of the convergence study of time and space steps. The effects of wave length on motion response and transmission coefficient of the floating box breakwater model are studied. Comparisons of our numerical results and published experimental data indicate that Star-CCM+ is very capable of accurately modeling the nonlinear wave interaction of floating structures, while the analytical potential theory overrates the results especially around the resonant frequency. Optimal damping can be readily predicted using potential flow theory and can then be verified by CFD numerical results. Next, we investigated the relationship between wave frequencies and various coefficients using the CFD model under optimal damping, including the motion response, transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient,dissipation coefficient, and wave energy conversion efficiency. We then compared the power generation efficiencies and wave dissipation performances of the floating box and Berkeley Wedge breakwaters. The results show that the power generation efficiency of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is always much higher than that of the floating box breakwater. Besides, the wave dissipation performance of the Berkeley Wedge breakwater is much better than that of the floating box breakwater at lower frequency.     

基于FLOW-3D的新型桩基透空堤消浪性能研究

针对新型附带消浪板桩基透空堤消浪性能,对波浪作用下该新型透空堤的反射系数、透射系数以及波能分布进行研究.采用FLOW-3D数值模拟方法,得出消浪板的开孔率、相对入水深度以及倾斜角度变化时透空堤反射系数、透射系数以及波能分布.结果显示:1)该新型附带消浪板桩基透空堤具有较好的消浪性能,开孔率越小,其反射系数越大、透射系数...     

基于物模试验的平板与弧板式防波堤水动力特性对比

为探求一种消浪效果优良且受力较小的新型结构,通过物理模型试验,对比单平板式与单弧板式防波堤的水动力特性,分析不同波浪参数情况下,透射系数、反射系数、压力以及结构物周围流场的变化关系。结果表明,结构物出水状态时,弧板式防波堤对波浪的透射系数明显小于平板式防波堤,入水状态时则相反,静水面处两者相当;结构物出水状态时,弧板式防波堤对波浪的反射系数略大于平板式防波堤,而在静水面及入水状态时,平板式防波堤对波浪的反射系数明显大于弧板式防波堤;两种结构上表面不同测点处的压力差别较大,而下表面的差别不显著。     

水下上弧形板结构的水动力特性研究

文章应用边界单元法,依据波浪绕射和辐射理论研究了一种新型的板式防波堤结构—上弧形板结构。研究中通过与另外三种板式防波堤结构(下弧形板结构,单板结构,双层板结构)的对比,验证了这一新型结构具有更好的消波效果。文中重点分析了这种新型结构的散射波浪力、透射系数和反射系数,并且为了进一步揭示这种结构的消波原理,对该结构周围的流场进了分析。研究发现：（1）上弧形板结构在横荡方向上所受波浪力最小。（2）当潜深波高比为0.05时,该结构的消波效果比其他三种结构增强约50%。（3）通过对上弧形板结构的速度流场分析,发现上弧形板结构上部有明显回流。     

采用有限差分方法模拟穿孔式防波堤规则波中水动力性能研究（英文）

Using a discretized finite difference method, a numerical model was developed to study the interaction of regular waves with a perforated breakwater. Considering a non-viscous, non-rotational fluid, the governing equations of Laplacian velocity potential were developed, and specific conditions for every single boundary were defined. The final developed model was evaluated based on an existing experimental result. The evaluated model was used to simulate the condition for various wave periods from 0.6 to2 s. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of waves were examined with different breakwater porosities, wave steepnesses, and angular frequencies. The results show that the developed model can suitably present the effect of the structural and hydraulic parameters on the reflection and transmission coefficients. It was also found that with the increase in wave steepness, the reflection coefficient increased logarithmically, while the transmission coefficient decreased logarithmically.     

浮式防波堤研究进展

浮式防波堤具有环保、经济和可移动的优点,但可靠性、消浪效果的制约同时存在,大部分研究集中在使其具有更好的消浪性能上.以单体型、双体型、柔性结构、上浮式和其他形式的浮式防波堤为主线总结其研究成果、手段及进展,归纳物理模型和数值模拟的手段研究各种浮式防波堤的水动力特性,并给出实际工程的案例,可为浮式防波堤的进一步研究探索提...     

双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能研究

针对一种新型双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能问题,研究挡板开孔率和挡板倾斜角度对防波堤消浪性能的影响。采用物理模型试验方法,得出其反射和透射系数、波能分布和堤后波幅频谱特征结果。结果表明,斜挡板开孔率越大,防波堤透射系数也越大,但在试验范围内,透射系数均小于0. 5;该类型防波堤对波浪有较好的消能性,对较长周期波以反射为主,较短周期波以消浪室消能为主,整体透射系数较短周期波略大;防波堤设计斜挡板比平挡板透射系数小,具有更好的消浪性能,最小透浪仅为后者的39%。     

对称波形底箱型水面防波堤性能试验研究

为了提高箱型水面防波堤的消波性能,将箱型水面防波堤的主体底部外形进行了改造,即将主体底部由平底改造为对称波形底,提出了一种对称波形底水面防波堤。对平底和对称波形底箱型防波堤分别进行了物理模型试验研究。试验时,将平底和对称波形底的方箱型消波主体通过支架固定在小型波浪水槽中,保持水槽水深不变,改变箱体吃水、波陡、波长,进行了系列试验。给出两种模型的透射系数、反射系数和能量损耗系数随相对宽度BL的变化规律。通过比较发现:对称波形底的消波性能比平底的优良,增加的消波效果高达60%左右;两种模型的反射系数相差无几,说明改变箱型底部结构对于防波堤反射性能的影响不大;对称波形底对于波能的损耗作用要强于平底。     

框架式消波堤消浪特性研究

针对实际工程中应用的浮式消波结构,采用水槽物理模型试验的方法,对规则波作用下框架式消波堤的消浪效果进行研究,得出透射系数与浮堤相对宽度、管道排数以及管道公称外径的关系。结果表明,相对宽度是消波堤消浪性能最主要的影响因素,管道排数与管道公称外径也有明显影响,综合考虑用料等因素,建议选用模型3 (6排、公称外径为40 mm)的消波堤形式。     

消能室式桩基透空堤消浪特征的试验比较研究

根据对已有桩基透空式防波堤结构型式的分析，提出一种新型桩基透空堤结构型式。并通过波浪模型试验，将这种结构型式和已有的几种结构型式从反射系数和透射系数两方面进行消浪特性的比较研究。     

一种新型浮式防波堤的试验研究

浮式防波堤具有不影响相应海域物质交换、造价随水深变化不大等优点,但其消波效果较差且对锚泊系统要求高等因素,减缓了它向实际工程转化的步伐。本研究综合考虑阻挡反射、紊动耗能、波峰耗散多种消波机理,进而提出一种由多菱形模块拼装而成的多孔浮式防波堤结构,并对该结构进行物理模型试验。试验结果表明。该结构型式的浮堤消波效果好且受波浪力小。     

规则波作用下组合式潜堤消浪性能试验研究

通过物理模型试验对梯形和矩形组合式潜堤的消浪性能进行研究,比较组合式潜堤与单排布置潜堤的消浪性能,分析堤顶水深、波高、间距及组合堤排数等因素对潜堤透射系数Kt的影响。试验结果表明:组合式潜堤的透射系数随着堤顶水深的增加而增加,随着波高的增大而减小;组合式潜堤排数越多消浪效果越好,可根据实际工程需要恰当地选择潜堤的布置排数。     

“厂”形板式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

根据水平板形防波堤和倾斜板形防波堤的特点,提出一种“厂”形组合板式防波堤,通过数值模拟方法对防波堤的消波性能进行研究。首先,利用FLUENT软件建立二维规则波数值波浪水槽,并验证水槽应用的有效性。通过模拟得到堤后波高-时间过程线,分析防波堤的透射系数,探讨透射系数随波高、周期、开孔率、相对板宽、波陡、倾斜板与水平板角度、超高等参数的变化关系。结果表明,在模拟范围内防波堤透射系数较小,消波性能优良,特别是对长周期波也有较好的消波效果。研究成果可以为新型防波堤设计提供参考。     

Coupled analytical-numerical approach for determining hydrodynamic responses of breakwater with multiple OWCs

A coupled analytical-numerical approach has been developed that allows one to study the hydrodynamic responses of breakwaters of arbitrary geometry that have multiple OWCs with horizontal openings. The approach incorporates the eigenfunction of the OWC fluid domain into the boundary element method, which automatically satisfy the boundary condition at the OWC opening. As a result, the exact geometry of the OWCs no longer needs to be modelled and the number of elements will be largely reduced especially when dealing with 3D breakwaters. With the present approach, a class of 2D OWC-integrated breakwater concepts in existing literature was simulated for validation and parametric study. The approach was then applied to the 3D breakwater with multiple OWCs under slender OWC assumptions, and the numerical results obtained are compared to data from a reduced scale model test. The 2D case studies show that the present approach is able to generate accurate results on reflection and transmission, wave loads, and energy extraction efficiencies with a higher efficiency than conventional boundary element method. Comparison of 3D results with the model test results shows that the prediction of the natural frequency and the wave reflection and transmission coefficients are in good agreement.     

不同护面块体潜堤的消浪特性试验研究

以斜坡式潜堤为研究对象,通过物理模型试验的方法,选取相对淹没水深、护面结构形式的糙渗系数、坡度等因素的变化对潜堤消浪特性的影响进行了研究。首先,分析了在规则波作用下相对淹没水深、护面结构形式的糙渗系数、坡度等因素对潜堤透射系数的变化规律,得到了各因素对潜堤透射系数影响程度,同时给出了波浪在潜堤附近传播时沿程波高变化情况。其次,采用与规则波相同的研究方法,分析了在不规则波作用下相对淹没水深、护面结构形式的糙渗系数、坡度等因素对潜堤透射系数的变化规律,得到了各因素对潜堤透射系数的影响程度,并给出了波浪在潜堤附近的沿程变化情况。     

U型防波堤与波浪相互作用的数值模拟

半淹没式固定U型防波堤,通过在自由水面附近设置挡浪结构增加能量耗散而达到降低港内波浪的目的;为了减小U型防波堤波浪反射,在其左侧设置成可渗透型沉箱。本文基于Navier-Stokes方程,采用k-ε模型封闭雷诺方程,以spatially-averaged方程作为孔隙流的控制方程,用VOF方法跟踪自由表面,建立了波浪与建筑物相互作用的数学模型,采用该模型模拟了规则波入射时波浪与可渗透型U型防波堤的相互作用,针对不同尺寸U型防波堤,进一步讨论了U型防波堤对波浪传播中反射和透射的影响。     

高桩梁板式透空防波堤透浪特性的研究

通过规则波作用下高桩梁板式透空防波堤断面波浪模型试验,重点研究影响防波堤透浪系数的主要因素（包括相对水深、相对透空率、入射波高和波周期等）及其规律,通过与现有防波堤透浪系数理论公式的对比找出误差原因。针对防波堤上部越浪的情况,考虑波浪超高和相对堤宽等因素的影响,修正防波堤透浪系数公式并进行验证。本研究成果可作为相关理论研究和工程实践的参考。     

基于数值和实验方法的非透浪梳式防波堤的水动力学特性研究

采用源函数造波法建立了三维数值波浪水槽模型,模拟了不同随机种子数(NW)下的随机波浪,与目标谱对比的结果证明当NW=200时,采用文中的数值方法可以得到较好的模拟精度;建立了随机波浪对一种非透浪梳式防波堤作用的数值模型,通过数值模拟结果和实验结果的比较,验证了该数值模型的有效性。对该非透浪的梳式防波堤的水力学特性进行了实验研究,并应用上述数值方法对结构的所受冲击波浪力机理进行了分析,数值结果证明在该结构的危险水位下,由结构的翼板和胸墙下底板所构成的异型空腔结构是导致翼板上产生较大冲击压力的主要因素。在此基础上,为了消减翼板的冲击压力,提出一种改进的结构型式,最后对该改进结构的翼板上波浪力特性和波浪反射系数进行了实验研究。