一种水运装备制造复合材料性能分析（英文）

In this paper, we investigate the properties of an alternative material for use in marine engineering, namely a rigid and light sandwich-structured composite made of expanded polystyrene and fiberglass. Not only does this material have an improved section modulus, but it is also inexpensive, light, easy to manipulate, and commercially available in various sizes. Using a computer program based on the finite element method, we calculated the hogging and sagging stresses and strains acting on a prismatic boat model composed of this material, and determined the minimum sizes and maximum permissible stresses to avoid deformation. Finally, we calculated the structural weight of the resulting vessel for comparison with another structure of comparable dimensions constructed from the commonly used core material Divinycell.     

疲劳载荷作用下焊接点三维线弹性弯曲裂纹路径预测

利用二阶摄动方法研究了疲劳载荷作用下结构线弹性裂纹的弯曲扩展问题并求解了三维动态应力强度因子.利用二阶摄动方法研究了疲劳载荷作用下裂纹路径预测时的应力准则与能量准则之间的关系.就均匀物质而言,在二阶摄动分析理论的框架内,两种准则指明了相同的三维疲劳弯曲裂纹扩展路径.但在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中,能量准则优越于应力准则.作为二阶摄动方法的实际运用,研究了焊接结构中疲劳线弹性裂纹的形态特征和弯曲扩展路径问题,综合考虑了诸如远场动态作用应力、焊接残余应力、局部物质衰变以及不同尺寸的缺陷的存在等因素,绘制出疲劳载荷作用下退化区域中裂纹弯曲扩展的临界轨迹曲线.     

耐压船体结构典型接点疲劳寿命评估

潜艇在潜浮过程中,由于静水外压引起的工作应力与焊接残余应力叠加,形成拉压循环应力,导致耐压船体的局部结构可能出现低周疲劳裂纹.一般情况下,高强度钢在抗拉强度提高的同时往往伴随着材料塑性储备和断裂韧性的下降,因此分析高强度钢潜艇结构的低周疲劳寿命非常重要.本文基于断裂力学和Paris公式建立了潜艇耐压结构低周疲劳寿命的工程估算方法,根据裂纹无损检测的概率统计和含裂纹圆柱壳极限应力分析,给出了初始裂纹和裂纹临界状态的建议值.应用本文的简化方法分析了某潜艇结构和锥柱结合壳模型的低周疲劳寿命,锥柱结合壳模型的数值算例表明本文的计算结果与试验测试结果相吻合.     

动态载荷作用下焊接点线弹性裂纹的弯曲扩展路径的预测(英文)

利用二阶摄动方法研究了动态载荷作用下结构线弹性断裂裂纹的弯曲延伸扩展问题并求解了动态应力强度因子。利用二阶摄动方法研究了动载荷作用下裂纹路径预测时的应力准则与能量准则之间的关系。就均匀物质而言,在二阶摄动分析理论的框架内,两种准则指明了相同的动态裂纹路径。但在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中,能量准则优越于应力准则。作为二阶摄动方法的实际运用,研究了焊接结构中动态线弹性裂纹的形态特征和弯曲扩展路径问题,综合考虑了诸如远场动态作用应力、焊接残余应力、局部物质衰变以及不同尺寸的缺陷的存在等因素,绘制出动态载荷作用下退化区域中裂纹弯曲扩展的临界轨迹曲线。     

用迁移矩阵法求解武器合中后的舰船船体应力

在统计了大量水面舰船受武器命中后破口部位和尺寸基础上,以某航空母舰为模型,采用Kollbrunner-Hajdin改进的薄壁梁理论,用迁移矩阵法求解鱼雷命中后不同破口部位及尺寸的破损船体应力。本文旨在找出正应力和剪应力随不同破口部位及尺寸的变化规律,从而为舰船破损后的剩余强度研究提供依据。     

Fatigue life estimation of explosive cladded transition joints with the use of the spectral method for the case of a random sea state

The problem with fatigue lifetime estimation of explosive cladded transition joints under random loading conditions has been described. The paper presents the fatigue test results performed for the random state of tension-compression under a generated spectrum according to the Pierson-Moskowitz model. The obtained spectrum has a non-Gaussian characteristic. The tested material consists out of a transition joint clad with four layers of aluminium alloy A5083, A1050, Titanium Grade 1 and steel Grade D. The material has been tested for the existence of residual stresses after the welding process with the hole drilling method. The welding process has been also simulated with ANSYS and the residual stresses have been generated for the Goldak volumetric distribution. The obtained values of residual stresses comprise to the values of real tests performed for the hole drilling method. The information about the residual stress values have been taken into account in the process of fatigue lifetime estimation in the form of non-zero mean stresses compensation inside the clad. The fatigue life has been calculated with the use of the frequency domain method. The Goodman mean stress compensation model has been used in the process of residual stress compensation. The non-gaussianity has been compensated with the use of the Bracessi formula. The obtained fatigue life assessment results have been compared with stand test results. The calculated results are within the scatter area of 3, but individual scatter values have been calculated for calculated series.     

舰船主船体水线以下部分武器

采用符拉索夫计算法计算武器命中后的舰船浮态和外载荷的变化。以薄壁梁理论为基础,用迁移矩阵法计算武器命中后的舰船的内力,并以某舰船为计算模型进行了数值计算分析,找出正应力和剪应力随不同破口部位及尺寸的变化规律,从而为舰船破损后的剩余强度研究提供了依据。     

临时开口船体结构强度数值分析

为了分析临时开口船体的结构强度,采用有限元方法建立典型舱段的数值模型,结合相关强度校核规范进行计算,结果表明开口的船体结构的抗弯、抗扭方面的安全性必须引起重视。通过分析得到开口参数对开口的结构强度的影响规律,对实际船体结构的临时开口具有重要的工程参考价值。     

椭圆形舱口角隅的疲劳强度研究

基于《钢质海船入级规范》以及《船体结构疲劳强度评估指南》对椭圆形舱口角隅的相关规定,应用自主开发的椭圆形舱口角隅网格自动划分系统,创建不同尺寸与板厚的椭圆形角隅细化模型,利用MSC.Patran有限元软件对该区域进行疲劳计算,分析其边缘热点应力,从而得出角隅尺寸、板厚对角隅疲劳强度热点应力的影响规律。     

新型环保气吸式氧化铝卸船机

VIGANNIV400AL型氧化铝卸船机是一种连续式气力卸船机。它除了具有无粉尘洒落、取料方便、对船舶适应性强、结构简单、重量轻、易维修等特点外,还专门针对氧化铝采用了许多新技术和新装置,如连续卸船-灌包一体机、变频气送系统、专用过滤器、专用叶板式卸料器、HZLLMAR夹轨器等。     

在役高压管式反应器残余应力松弛试验研究

自增强反应器管壁残余应力因交变压力及温度、温差的作用随时间而减小。在操作状态下，残余应力的松弛规律及其计算对反应管安全分析是十分重要的。用和反应管相同材料及相同截面尺寸的试件模拟反应管在设计温度、温差作用下，以及开停工引起的压力变化的作用下反应管内壁残余应力的松弛。温度和温差引起的管内壁残余应力的松弛率(或剩余率)随时间的变化可用自然对数函数来描述，压力变动导致的管内壁残余应力松弛率(或剩余率)随压力循环次数的变化为指数函数。给出了温度、压力循环作用下反应管内壁剩余残余应力计算式。该式计算结果不但和本文试验结果符合很好，而且和其他作者报道的实验数据相吻合。预测了一根服务了九年的反应管(4340钢)，其剩余残余应力误差在10％以内。因此，该方法不但适用于30CrNiMo8材料的反应器也适用于4340钢制的聚乙烯反应器。     

舰船船底破损后的外载荷和应力研究

以某舰船为例,用符拉索夫法计算了鱼雷在舰船底部非接触爆炸使舰体结构产生破损后由于进水引起的浮态和载荷变化,给出了鱼雷命中破损后波浪弯矩随不同破损部位、不同进水体积的变化规律。在此基础上计算了鱼雷爆炸使舰体结构产生破损后的应力。研究指出,计算破损舰船结构应力时必须同时考虑破损使结构承载力大大下降和由于进水引起的浮态和载荷变化对舰艇生命力的影响。舰体结构的正应力和剪应力都随着进水体积的增大而增大,鱼雷最危险的命中位置是船中和剪力最大处。研究对舰船生命力的评估有重要意义。     

双壳化学品船温度场及其热应力分析

以3800DWT化学品船为研究对象,基于ANSYS有限元软件,研究了该船的船体结构稳态温度场及其热应力.在文中,首先建立了化学品船舱段结构温度场及热应力分析的三维有限元分析模型,计算了满载工况下液货舱的温度场,在此基础上对船体结构进行了结构应力评估,最后比较了装载不同温度液货时船体的热应力.     

深水立管法兰接头的有限元分析

针对深水立管法兰式接头,提出一种确定螺栓预紧力的方法,并采用有限元法对其进行了强度分析。考虑到接头的几何不对称性,采用三维整体建模,通过ANSYS软件的预紧单元模拟螺栓的预紧行为,使用接触单元模拟各部件之间的相互作用。按照API规范对接头的等效膜应力、等效弯曲应力与许用应力进行校核。在接头整体分析的基础上,建立螺纹的二维轴对称模型,进行局部应力分析。计算中使用参数建模法,法兰接头、螺纹的几何尺寸、材料性质和载荷等均可方便地更改。     

深海采矿平台矿物入舱自动布载

本文采用离散元方法结合放大颗粒,针对深海采矿平台矿物入舱自动布载方案进行了模拟仿真。为保证舱内矿物最终堆积形态和实际工况相似,利用墙角倾倒法对两种不同尺寸的矿物参数进行了标定。采用Johnson-Kenda1l-Roberts 理论的Hertz-Mindlin接触模型计算颗粒与颗粒、颗粒与几何体之间的碰撞关系。基于仿真计算结果,分析了不同颗粒大小和舱摇摆运动下矿物堆积的形态和堆积密度的变化。采用布料设备可方便实现舱内全方位自动布料,并提高布料效率和舱容率。     

鱼雷浅水主动声引信的一种布阵方法

浅水主动声引信应用较少,主要由于混响干扰较强,信号不易被检测.主动声引信多用于深水反潜.根据目标多普勒频移特性,提出了一种在浅水条件下,高频主动声引信的布阵方案.同时针对引信角度覆盖扇面,进行了布阵性能计算与优化选择,并对矩形阵元进行了初步设计.     

梯形载荷作用下功能梯度简支梁弯曲的解析解

基于应力函数法,对梯形分布载荷作用下、材料属性在厚度上任意变化的功能梯度简支梁弯曲问题的解析解进行了研究。首先引入了一个应力函数,根据平面应力问题的基本方程,得出了功能梯度梁的应力函数应满足的偏微分方程,并根据应力边界条件得出了应力函数及各向应力的表达式;进而根据功能梯度材料的本构方程和位移边界条件,得出了各向应变与位移的显式解析表达式。在算例中,分别采用文中方法和经典理论对均质各向同性梁进行求解,验证了文中方法的正确性;并求解了材料组分呈幂律分布的功能梯度梁的应力和位移分布,分析了上下表层材料的弹性模量比λ与组分材料体积分数指数 n 对应力和位移分布的影响。     

定位焊顺序对单面埋弧焊接头残余应力和变形的影响（英文）

Submerged arc welding(SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

Influence of tacking sequence on residual stress and distortion of single sided fillet submerged arc welded joint

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is advantageous for joining high thickness materials in large structure due to high material deposition rate. The non-uniform heating and cooling generates the thermal stresses and subsequently the residual stresses and distortion. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses and angular distortion are generally measured in large panel structure of submerged arc welded fillet joints. Hence, the objective of this present work is to quantify the amount of residual stress and distortion in and around the weld joint due to positioning of stiffeners tack. The tacking sequence influences the level of residual stress and proper controlling of tacking sequences is required to minimize the stress. In present study, an elasto-plastic material behavior is considered to develop the thermo mechanical model which predicts the residual stress and angular distortion with varying tacking sequences. The simulated result reveals that the tacking sequence heavily influences the residual stress and deformation pattern of the single sided fillet joint. The finite element based numerical model is calibrated by comparing the experimental data from published literature. Henceforth, the angular distortions are measured from an in-house developed experimental set-up. A fair agreement between the predicted and experimental results indicates the robustness of the developed numerical model. However, the most significant conclusion from present study states that tack weld position should be placed opposite to the fillet weld side to minimize the residual stress.     

Residual stresses at a longitudinal stiffener — Web frame intersection and their effects on crack growth

Stress coining at geometrical discontinuities may introduce compressive residual stresses which will lower the propagation of surface cracks and thus increase the fatigue life. In a non-linear finite element analysis, the residual stresses after welding of a transverse web-frame to a ship hull plating is first estimated. Stress coining of one corner of a longitudinal cut-out in a transverse web-frame is then simulated in detail. The calculated residual compressive tangential stresses in the corner of the cut-out is seen to lower the propagation of edge cracks. Experiments performed on web-frames taken from a shipyard after manufacturing show indeed that large tensile residual stresses exist in the web-frame after welding. Stress coining is therefore believed to have a beneficial effect on the fatigue life.