极地平整冰区运输船航行阻力的模型试验研究（英文）

This study investigates the resistance of a transport ship navigating in level ice by conducting a series of model tests in an ice tank at Tianjin University. The laboratory-scale model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage using a one-directional load cell and then towed through an ice sheet at different speeds. We observed the ice-breaking process at different parts of the ship and motion of the ice floes and measured the resistances under different speeds to determine the relationship between the ice-breaking process and ice resistance. The bending failure at the shoulder area was found to cause maximum resistance. Furthermore, we introduced the analytical method of Lindqvist(1989) for estimating ice resistance and then compared these calculated results with those from our model tests. The results indicate that the calculated total resistances are higher than those we determined in the model tests.     

冰区运输船极地海域航行阻力的模型试验研究（英文）

为了考查冰区运输船在北极结冰海域航行时所受到的航行阻力,进行了一系列室内物理模型试验。试验中船体模型通过一个单向测力传感器与主拖车上的刚性拖曳臂相连。试验包含三种主要的冰条件,即船体独立航行的平整冰条件、在破冰船引导下航行的航道碎冰条件和独立航行的浮冰条件。平整冰及航道碎冰条件下对多种船体航行速度进行考察,而浮冰条件下则针对不同的冰覆盖率展开研究。试验中对冰-船相互作用模式、冰排在船体不同位置处的破坏进程以及碎冰沿船体的运动状态进行了详尽的观测,并对船体的航行阻力进行了有效的测量。此外,文中还对航行阻力均值与极值之间的差异进行了详尽的讨论与分析。结果表明,冰条件与船体航行速度是影响船体航行阻力的重要因素。     

Experiments on the resistance of a large transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions

In this study, we carried out model tests to investigate the ice failure process and the resistance experienced by a transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions. We tested different navigation velocities, ice plate sizes, and ice concentrations. During the tests, we closely observed several phenomena, including the modes of interaction of the ice ship and the moving and failure modes of ice. We also measured the vessel resistances under different conditions. The test results indicate that the navigation velocity is a significant determinant of the moving and failure modes of ice. Moreover, vessel resistance is remarkably dependent on the ice concentration and navigation velocity. The variances of the mean and maximum resistance are also compared and discussed in detail.     

大型运输船浮冰区航行阻力试验研究（英文）

In this study, we carried out model tests to investigate the ice failure process and the resistance experienced by a transport vessel navigating in the Arctic region in pack ice conditions. We tested different navigation velocities, ice plate sizes, and ice concentrations. During the tests, we closely observed several phenomena, including the modes of interaction of the ice ship and the moving and failure modes of ice. We also measured the vessel resistances under different conditions. The test results indicate that the navigation velocity is a significant determinant of the moving and failure modes of ice. Moreover, vessel resistance is remarkably dependent on the ice concentration and navigation velocity. The variances of the mean and maximum resistance are also compared and discussed in detail.     

基于半经验公式方法的破冰船破冰阻力计算研究

传统Lindqvist半经验公式存在将不同船型阻力的计算结果均一化的缺点,本文基于船首不同区域的海冰破坏模式,采用船体纵向切片法对传统Lindqvist半经验公式进行了改进。通过将传统及改进后的半经验公式计算结果与模型实验结果进行比较,验证了改进的Lindqvist半经验公式计算结果的有效性和正确性。进而通过半经验公式计算方法,研究了船速和船舶吃水对船体所受破冰阻力的影响。结果表明,改进的Lindqvist半经验公式计算结果明显高于传统Lindqvist半经验公式,与实验值更为接近；船舶破冰阻力随船速呈近似线性增长的趋势,随船舶吃水的增加呈现减小的趋势。     

基于非线性有限元法的船舶冰区破冰数值模拟

应用非线性有限元法进行了破冰船冰区破冰数值模拟。通过比较数值模拟结果和试验结果,对冰体材料模型进行了验证;采用该冰体材料模型,对破冰船以不同航速在不同厚度的层冰中破冰航行时的动态响应进行了数值研究,给出了破冰过程中层冰的变形、冰力的大小以及冰的变形能和动能变化,分析了船速、冰层厚度对破冰阻力的影响。该研究结果对分析破冰船在层冰中破冰时的动态响应特性具有一定的参考价值。     

水翼复合小水线面双体船低阻特性的数值分析

为了获取高速航行的复合船型的阻力,基于Star-CCM+软件平台,考虑到航行姿态变化的影响,通过求解RANS方程和船体运动方程,采用DFBI的方式实时监控船体受力,在运动稳定后得出船体的航行姿态及阻力。本文选取一定速度范围内的水翼复合小水线面双体船进行数值计算,并和模型试验进行对比,计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,较适合该类船型的阻力估算。     

中国新型极地考察船冰载荷预估研究

本文针对中国新型极地考察船所受冰载荷进行了研究,其中包含了平整冰阻力和浮冰碰撞力.对于船舶设计者和建造者来说,船舶冰载荷的预估非常重要.本文采用经验公式方法计算了该船在平整冰中航行的冰阻力,并且与模型试验结果进行了对比.结果显示,计算和试验结果中的冰阻力都随船舶航行速度的增大而增大,经验公式方法可以预测出合理的平整冰阻力.通过计算得到了该船的性能曲线,即该船在不同厚度平整冰中航行所能达到的速度.此外,本文还考虑了该船与圆形浮冰之间的三维斜向碰撞问题,采用解析方法评估了浮冰对船舶的撞击力,研究了撞击位置、法向框架角度以及浮冰尺寸对碰撞力的影响.基于计算结果,本文就冰载荷的预测进行了讨论并提出了一些建议.     

某客滚船主尺度变化对阻力性能的影响

[目的]从节能减阻方面对客滚船的主尺度比进行研究.[方法]利用模型试验和数值模拟的方法,研究船舶主尺度比(长宽比L/B、船宽吃水比B/T)变化对阻力性能的影响.[结果]结果表明,某700客位客滚船不同L/B方案之间的有效功率在较低航速时最大差异仅为150 W,在较高航速时最大差异增大到1300 W;不同B/T方案之间的...     

Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice

The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given.     

平整冰中破冰船操纵性能初步预报方法

  目的  为了分析冰区航行船舶与碎冰之间的相互作用,  方法  运用离散元模型结合欧拉多相流,对船舶在碎冰区域航行时船体与碎冰之间的相互作用关系进行探索。计算不同航速、不同碎冰密集度下船体的受力情况,并对冰船接触冰时的运动响应进行分析,从直观上解释碎冰阻力的变化原因,以及桨前来冰的运动情况。  结果  得出船体所受冰阻力主要是由碎冰与船体表面的摩擦和碰撞产生,并随航速的增大而增大,但当航速增大到一定值后,碎冰阻力不再增加,甚至还有减小的趋势。  结论  研究的工作可为冰区船型优化及其螺旋桨设计提供理论支撑。     

基于CFD的船舶形状因子随缩尺比及弗劳德数变化规律分析

针对实船阻力预报误差较大的问题,采用CFD软件Fluent分析某大型货船形状因子的变化规律,验证计算方法的准确性,采用叠模计算确定不同缩尺比及弗劳德数时船舶形状因子,结果表明,基于Flu-ent计算得到的船模阻力与模型试验结果基本吻合,计算方法准确;船舶形状因子(1+k)随缩尺比减小而增加,随弗劳德数增加而增加,主要是...     

冰区航行船舶推进器特殊性分析

  目的  为了准确评估破冰船在平整冰区航行时连续破冰过程中所受的冰阻力,同时了解不同预报方法的特点,采用经验公式法、数值模拟法以及船模试验法,对破冰船在平整冰中连续航行时的冰阻力进行预报。  方法  使用非线性有限元软件DYNA,分别基于传统有限元与黏聚单元法构造冰层数值模拟模型,模拟平整冰与破冰船相互作用时发生的弯曲断裂以及相互作用的过程。同时,采用经验公式法,用3种不同的经验公式进行冰阻力计算,对影响经验公式法预报结果的参数进行敏感性分析。  结果  研究发现：冰阻力随航速、冰厚度以及弯曲强度的增大呈上升趋势,其中冰厚对冰阻力的影响最大。3种经验公式中,Lindqvist公式的预报结果与船模试验结果更为接近,而Vance和Lewis公式更为保守。传统有限元与黏聚单元法在冰厚较小的情况下,冰阻力预报结果更准确,冰厚较大时误差较大,约25%。在冰厚较小航速较高的情况下,黏聚单元法预报的冰阻力值较传统有限元方法更为准确,与船模试验结果相比精度误差在10%以内。  结论  在实际的冰阻力预报中,可结合经验公式法与数值模拟法,兼顾预报结果的准确性与高效性。     

Numerical estimation of ship resistance in broken ice and investigation on the effect of floe geometry

In this paper, a numerical model based on the non-smooth discrete element method is presented to investigate the effect of ice floe shape on ship resistance under low-concentration broken ice condition where ice fields consist of relatively small and unbreakable floes. The accuracy of the numerical model is validated by the comparison with a series of experiments conducted by the authors with artificial ice floes made from polypropylene (PP) material. The mean ice resistance estimated by the numerical model is in fairly good agreement with both the experimental results and those from the existing semi-empirical formulas. Additionally, the floe shape effect captured in the experiment, i.e. “rectangle-like” floes results in higher resistance than “elliptic-like” floes, is also predicted by the numerical model. Then, the validated numerical model is used to further investigate the effect of floe shape on ship resistance. It has been found that the rectangle floe results in higher ice resistance than other studied floe shapes. The ratio between the maximum and minimum caliper diameters of floe shows little influence on the ice resistance of ship. Finally, the effect of ice thickness on the ice resistance is also discussed.     

Numerical Simulation of Turret Moored Ship Performance in Variable Ice Drift Based on Heading Control

The frequent change in ice drift direction poses a significant challenge for turret moored ship in ice. Variability in ice drift is mainly caused by the winds and currents. To solve this problem, a new method with numerical simulation based on heading control is applied to reduce the risk of operation of The Arctic Tandem Offloading Terminal(ATOT),which includes an offloading icebreaker(OIB) moored to a submerged turret and a shuttle tanker moored at the stern of the OIB in this paper. An icebreaking tanker, MT Uikku, was modeled in a simulation program. Then the level ice load on the tanker was calculated with different ice thicknesses and drift speeds, after which a heading controller assisted with mooring system is used to simulate the horizontal motion of the tanker under the ice action.     

内河船舶的浅水阻力计算

本文提供了一种估算内河船舶浅水阻力的方法。根据184条船模浅水阻力曲线及部分相应的深水阻力曲线,计算了经济航速、临界航速和不同航速下的兴波阻力系数。应用经修正的Prohaska方法计算了深、浅水形状因子。将上述这些量视为H/T、L/B、B/T和C_B的幂函数方程,应用回归分析确定其指数值。利用求得的回归公式即可进行深、浅水阻力计算,协助选择优良船型,进行主尺度分析,选配经济航速以提高营运经济性。本方法具有计算简便、适应范围广、计算精度高等优点。     

船舶阻力图谱计算与模型试验结果比较分析

旨在研究船模阻力预报不确定度的主要影响因素及机理,并提出相应的抑制方法。

在循环水槽中对船长为1.725和3.450 m的KCS船模分别进行船模阻力试验与伴流测量试验,通过对比试验结果总结模型尺度对阻力的影响;开展3.450 m 的KCS船模在无限水域/循环水槽中的数值模拟,通过对比数值结果总结阻塞效应对阻力的影响,验证简化田村公式的修正效果;进行不同湍流强度循环水槽条件下3.450 m KCS船模绕流场的数值模拟,总结湍流强度对阻力的影响。

结果显示,对于小尺度船模,低流速下过低的总阻力值会放大由数据采集、来流不均匀性等因素引入的不确定度;对于大尺度船模,阻塞效应会导致船体下沉、船体表面压力梯度增加和兴波波幅增大,从而引起船模阻力增加;未修正时,循环水槽/无限水域下总阻力计算值R_t的平均偏差为4.56%,经简化田村公式修正后,平均偏差为2.25%;当来流湍流强度由1%增大至2%后,R_t平均增加了3.75%;流场中湍流强度沿流向衰减,且从入口到船首的衰减是线性的。

研究表明,要减小船模阻力预报的不确定度,在船模试验中,模型尺度不宜过小且应降低来流湍流强度并采用简化田村公式修正阻塞效应;在数值预报中,应根据湍流强度的衰减程度设置适当的入口湍流强度。

     

船舶曳引系统冲击力稳定性分析与验证

船舶在隧洞中采用一种曳引技术通航,为了探究曳引系统在通航过程中受到外部冲击力对船舶稳定性的影响,文章通过仿真分析与模型试验相结合的技术路线,以受到不同冲击力作用下船模姿态为依据进行分析.结果 表明:曳引系统在不同牵引速度下,受到外部冲击载荷,均可保证船舶的稳定性,适当增加内部载荷能有效抵抗外部冲击力的影响.     

基于全参数化建模的高速客船型线优化设计

以某型高速客船为研究对象.采用CAESES FRIENDSHIP-Framework软件进行全参数化建模,对初始模型采用SHIPFLOW软件进行兴波阻力计算,将计算结果与船模试验结果进行对比,以验证计算的可靠性.采用Sobol算法进行特征参数的灵敏度计算,以有效降低设计空间维数,提高计算效率.建立多航速优化模型,完成船...     

A numerical investigation of the squat and resistance of ships advancing through a canal using CFD

As a ship approaches shallow water, a number of changes arise owing to the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship’s hull and the seafloor. The flow velocity between the bottom of the hull and the seafloor increases, which leads to an increase in sinkage, trim and resistance. As the ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur, stemming from this increase in sinkage and trim. Knowledge of a ship’s squat is necessary when navigating vessels through shallow water regions, such as rivers, channels and harbours. Accurate prediction of a ship’s squat is therefore essential, to minimize the risk of grounding for ships. Similarly, predicting a ship’s resistance in shallow water is equally important, to be able to calculate its power requirements. The key objective of this study was to perform fully nonlinear unsteady RANS simulations to predict the squat and resistance of a model-scale Duisburg Test Case container ship advancing in a canal. The analyses were carried out in different ship drafts at various speeds, utilizing a commercial CFD software package. The squat results obtained by CFD were then compared with available experimental data.