我国航运电子市场的准入与退出制度

在简要介绍国内外航运电子市场发展和现状的基础上,结合航运电子市场在我国发展的实际需要,归纳建立航运电子市场准入与退出制度的必要性,着重分析当前我国航运电子市场准入与退出制度的现状,对我国进一步提高航运电子市场准入与退出的标准提出对策。     

中国航运电子市场发展趋势分析

从航运业的运量、竞争环境、服务质量、物流和商业运作模式5个方面分析了航运电子市场的形成与发展,并通过中国几个航运电子市场的服务定位与功能介绍,阐述了中国航运电子市场的利弊与发展趋势。     

航运电子市场精确定价

根据航运市场中影响定价的主要因素，提出了精确定价是在当今信息网络化和经济全球化的浪潮下，承运人最合适的定价形态，分析了精确定价及其条件．指出了在航运电子市场巾，承运人应从托运人的偏好、差异化的航运服务、单独付帐和避免托运人套利等4个方而对航运交易加以控制，从理论和实例2方面阐述了采用价格差异(精确定价)策略对承运人所带来的收益，在得出航运企业利润最大化条件的基础上，提出了承运人制定精确定价的5个步骤。从而为我国航运企业制订信息化及电子商务发展战略提供有益的参考。     

船舶导航监控系统搭建移动信息平台

近几年来,随着航运在交通运输中地位的不断提升以及由此产生的航运安全与航运管理的需要,使得船舶导航监控系统越来越成为人们关注的焦点。本文在对GIS地理信息系统、GPS船舶定位技术和CDMA移动通信技术进行充分研究的基础上,设计与实现了基于CDMA／GPS／GIS的船舶航行监控系统。     

三峡库区航运安全虚拟现实仿真系统研究

为提升三峡库区航运安全管理监控水平,克服基于二维电子航道图的监管手段不能形象、直观地表现船舶的实时航行状态以及不能反映库区水位不断变化对船舶航行安全的影响等缺点,需要研究三维虚拟现实仿真系统。考虑到仿真系统的精度,采用三维地理信息系统的理论和方法实现对库区航运安全的虚拟现实仿真。在研究了三峡库区蓄水对航运安全的影响以及现有二维监控系统的功能特点的基础上,给出了虚拟现实仿真系统的总体构成及功能设计,并采用美国ESRI ArcGIS平台实现了三峡库区航运安全虚拟现实仿真系统。该系统具有仿真精度高、真实感强、实时性好等优点。     

船舶火灾监控报警系统中的视觉传感器应用

火灾事故严重影响着船舶的正常航运,不仅危及船体、船员和货物的安全,还会对事故海域的海洋环境造成污染。为了提高船舶航运的安全性,完善和优化船舶火灾监控报警系统具有重要意义。本文利用视觉传感器和计算机图形学技术,同时结合PLC自动化控制和OpenGL图像编程语言,设计了一种新型的船舶火灾监控报警系统,大幅提高了船舶火灾事故早期火焰的监控和识别精度。     

国际航运电子市场分析

从介绍近年来电子商务革命对航运业发展的深刻影响入手，阐述了国际航运电子市场的优点、发展演化。根据市场规模和交易频率、市场套利能力和市场信息不均衡性等3个重要因素，分析了国际航运电子市场的定价形态，并进一步分析了相应的定价政策。从而为航运交易的各方进入国际航运电子市场，实现其盈利目标提供了有益的参考。     

关于现代航运物流理论与实践的几点认识

在当前贸易全球化和航运市场竞争日趋激烈的形势下，航运企业的竞争焦点开始从价格转向服务，压缩时间空间的物流增值服务已成为航运企业赢得市场的法宝。本文围绕物流增值服务，对物流服务的范围、航运物流的价值活动以及航运物流系统的基本模式、系统目标和实践提出了建议。     

船舶动态信息大屏幕视觉显示系统

为促进航运管理由宏观管理向微观管理转化,增强航运调度和安全监督指挥的业务能力,以及增强企业在国际航运中的竞争能力,交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所先后为中国远洋运输(集团)总公司及其有关所属分公司研制成功了全球气象与船位监控系统、船位动态标给与辅助决策信息系统、航运管理船舶动态信息投影系统     

珠江内河航道感知平台的设计与实现

珠江内河航道感知平台采集航道水文、视频监控、桥梁净高、定位等信息,通过数据融合、大数据分析等技术,为管理部门和业务部门提供数据和决策支持,是珠江航道航运综合信息服务系统的重要组成部分。主要包含视频监控整合平台、水文遥测遥报子系统、桥梁通航净高显示子系统等。本项目有效整合了航道相关信息资源,有助于提升航运管理和服务水平。     

Price and volume dynamics in second-hand dry bulk and tanker shipping markets

The relationship between trading volume, prices and return volatility is thoroughly investigated in different second-hand dry bulk and tanker market segments. The objective is to gain fruitful insight on the sale and purchase market dynamics, and the sensitivity of vessel price movements following the arrival of new information signals in the shipping markets. Contemporaneous relationships are identified between returns and volume, particularly in the markets of handysize and panamax bulks as well as of handysize and aframax tankers. Price changes are found to have an impact on trading volume indicating that expectations to higher capital gains induce increases in trading activity. Volume appears to have a negative impact on the volatility of price changes mainly in the dry bulk market; this may be due to thin trading, limited transaction transparency and absence of vessel price quotes. The empirical findings can contribute to a better understanding of shipping markets' microstructure and price volatility dynamics by market participants. This, in turn, can be useful for investors who construct their portfolios of real assets with a view to attain superior capital gains, controlling for the underlying investment risk.     

Price and volume dynamics in second-hand dry bulk and tanker shipping markets

The relationship between trading volume, prices and return volatility is thoroughly investigated in different second-hand dry bulk and tanker market segments. The objective is to gain fruitful insight on the sale and purchase market dynamics, and the sensitivity of vessel price movements following the arrival of new information signals in the shipping markets. Contemporaneous relationships are identified between returns and volume, particularly in the markets of handysize and panamax bulks as well as of handysize and aframax tankers. Price changes are found to have an impact on trading volume indicating that expectations to higher capital gains induce increases in trading activity. Volume appears to have a negative impact on the volatility of price changes mainly in the dry bulk market; this may be due to thin trading, limited transaction transparency and absence of vessel price quotes. The empirical findings can contribute to a better understanding of shipping markets’ microstructure and price volatility dynamics by market participants. This, in turn, can be useful for investors who construct their portfolios of real assets with a view to attain superior capital gains, controlling for the underlying investment risk.     

对近海船舶能有效监控、管理的VHF通信系统

为方便船舶与陆地通话以及对船台进行管理和监控，港航部门对一个现代化的专用通信系统的需求迫在眉睫。基于此目的提出了一个能够在陆海之间实现数据和话音传输的VHF通信系统。     

Short-term liner shipping bunker procurement with swap contracts

The bunker price fluctuations in recent years have severely threatened the stability of liner shipping companies’ operations. As an efficient countermeasure, the swap contract is widely adopted throughout the liner shipping industry to hedge the procurement risk resulting from the bunker price fluctuation. This paper looks at the short-term liner shipping bunker procurement problem with swap contracts (BPPSC), aiming to optimally plan the amount of bunker purchased from the spot market and the amount hedged by the swap contract for several months ahead. This BPPSC is first formulated as a bunker procurement cost mean-variance minimization (MVM) model, and is subsequently solved using a tangible two-step approach developed in this study. In the first step, the movements of the swap contract price and the spot market price of the bunker are described using a calibrated multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (mGARCH) time series model. In the second step, the MVM model is approximated and solved by a price scenario tree constructed from the mGARCH time series model. A numerical example shows that the risk hedging strategy obtained can simultaneously control the bunker procurement cost as well as the procurement risk from price fluctuations. This article is a revised and expanded version of the abridged eight-page paper entitled ‘Optimal hedging for liner bunker procurement’ presented at ‘2015 International Conference on Logistics and Maritime Systems (LOGMS 2015)’, Hong Kong, 27–29 August 2015.     

船舶实时综合监控系统设计

为了实现船舶驾驶台和机舱的综合集成监视和控制,实现全船一体化管理,本文结合相关项目的研究与开发,给出了整个监控系统的设计方案。文中着重论述了该系统的软硬件和界面设计情况、并对其中的一系列关键问题做了相应的解决。     

我国远洋干散货船型经济论证

干散货运输市场是世界海运市场的3大市场之一,虽然运输市场机制趋于完善,但受运价、船价和油价的影响,市场波动较大。针对这一现实情况,文章以船型技术经济论证方法为基础,建立单船运输经济性测算模型,判定出最优船型,并对运价、船价和油价3个影响因子进行敏感性分析,为航运企业制定船队发展规划和港口企业制定到港船型规划提供参考。     

Shipping freight derivatives: a survey of recent evidence

In an industry that is characterized by highly volatile prices, seasonality, strong business cycles, cyclicality and capital intensiveness, risk management is extremely important. Ship-owners and charterers face enormous risks, which emanate from fluctuations in freight rates, bunker prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and vessel values. These risks substantially affect the interplay between revenue and cost. Modern risk management techniques, involve the use of financial derivatives products, some of which have been developed exclusively for protecting (hedging) against the adverse price fluctuations of the aforementioned sources of risk in shipping. By using derivatives products, ship-owners and charterers can secure (stabilize) the level of their future income or costs and thus reduce uncertainty and unforeseen volatility of their cash-flow. To explore the importance of hedging freight rate risk in shipping operations, a survey of recent empirical evidence that has appeared in economic studies has been conducted. Developments over the past 20 years have been fast, with certain amount of research carried, which has helped to understand better the special features of these derivatives markets. They are all summarized in the current study, which can provide the stepping stone for further work in the area of shipping derivatives and risk management in shipping.     

Shipping freight derivatives: a survey of recent evidence

In an industry that is characterized by highly volatile prices, seasonality, strong business cycles, cyclicality and capital intensiveness, risk management is extremely important. Ship-owners and charterers face enormous risks, which emanate from fluctuations in freight rates, bunker prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and vessel values. These risks substantially affect the interplay between revenue and cost. Modern risk management techniques, involve the use of financial derivatives products, some of which have been developed exclusively for protecting (hedging) against the adverse price fluctuations of the aforementioned sources of risk in shipping. By using derivatives products, ship-owners and charterers can secure (stabilize) the level of their future income or costs and thus reduce uncertainty and unforeseen volatility of their cash-flow. To explore the importance of hedging freight rate risk in shipping operations, a survey of recent empirical evidence that has appeared in economic studies has been conducted. Developments over the past 20 years have been fast, with certain amount of research carried, which has helped to understand better the special features of these derivatives markets. They are all summarized in the current study, which can provide the stepping stone for further work in the area of shipping derivatives and risk management in shipping.     

基于嵌入式的海洋运输环境数据采集与动态监控节点设计

为保障海上船舶运输数据的有效采集和监控,需要对海上船舶运输数据环境监控系统进行设计。采用当前算法进行监控时,存在监测范围小、成本高、功耗高、实时性低等问题。为此,提出一种低功耗适用于海洋运输环境的物联网动态监控的节点设计方案。该方案先定义基于物联网的海上船舶运输环境数据监控系统模型,将此系统模型分为无线传感网络、汇聚节点和监控中心,在此基础上对传感器节点、汇聚节点以及监控中心的硬件均进行设计,并给出基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器组网过程,设计出基于物联网的海上船舶运输环境数据监控系统。实验结果表明,该方法能够对海洋环境信息进行数据采集和动态监控,具有低成本、功耗低和丢包率低等方面的优点,具有可行性。     

沿海干散货船的船价影响因素及概率统计分析

由于船舶的投资额很大,所以航运企业在做投资决策之前对船价的影响因素做系统的分析,并对其进行准确的估计,对航运企业来说是至关重要的。本文分析了近几年沿海干散货船舶市场的影响因素,并运用概率统计的方法给出了近期船价的概率分布模型。