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在较高温度和压力作用下,由于土壤的摩擦阻力,海管会产生很大的轴向压力,以及由侧向屈曲引发的弯矩。因此对含腐蚀缺陷管道安全工作压力的评价,须考虑轴向压应力的影响。对目前工程界的评价方法进行对比分析,在内压和轴向压应力组合作用下,含腐蚀缺陷海管的安全压力评价方法还很不完善,尤其是复杂缺陷,目前的规范还不完全适用。通过对许用应力法安全系数的讨论和分析,基于Von Mises准则和有限元分析,提出了组合应力作用下含腐蚀缺陷海管的安全工作压力评价方法。通过该方法对某运行了近三十年的管道进行了安全工作压力的评估,同时考察了轴向压应力对安全工作压力的影响。此方法对应的轴向压应力限值和安全等级以及安全系数相关,当安全等级低时,其值和DNV-RP-F101规范值基本一致,当安全等级高时,其值比DNV-RP-F101规范值大。 相似文献
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This paper reviews the economic literature relating to aviation safety; analyzes the safety record of commercial passenger aviation in the United States and abroad; examines aviation security as a growing dimension of aviation safety; and identifies emerging issues in airline safety and challenges for aviation safety research. Commercial airline safety has improved dramatically since the industry's birth over a century ago. Fatal accident rates for large scheduled jet airlines have fallen to the level where (along many dimensions) aviation is now the safest mode of commercial transportation. However, safety performance has not been evenly distributed across all segments of commercial aviation, nor among all countries and regions of the world. The finding that developing countries have much poorer safety records has been a persistent conclusion in aviation safety research and continues to be the case. Unfortunately, operations data are not available for many of the airlines that experience fatal accidents, so it is not possible to calculate reliable fatality rates for many segments of the worldwide aviation industry. Without more complete information, it will likely be difficult to make substantial improvements in the safety of these operations. Challenges to improving aviation security include: how much to focus on identifying the terrorists as opposed to identifying the tools they might use; determining how to respond to terrorist threats; and determining the public versus private roles in providing aviation security. The next generation of safety challenges now require development and understanding of new forms of data to improve safety in other segments of commercial aviation, and moving from a reactive, incident-based approach toward a more proactive, predictive and systems-based approach. 相似文献
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摘要:为确保起重机运行安全,开发了门座式起重机运行信息安全管理系统。具体介绍该系统的组成及其功能。该系统的应用,实现了起重机安全的实时监控。 相似文献
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Jaime L. Veiga 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2002,1(1):17-31
The emergence of a safety culture in shipping has been promoted, especially by the Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization. However, what is really meant by a safety culture? The adoption of the International Safety Management Code and of the amended International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, STCW 95, together with the introduction of Formal Safety Assessment in the IMO rule making process are considered as the major tools contributing to the emergence of such. This article examines the evolution of the concept of maritime safety concept during the last decades and discusses how the adoption of new international instruments has contributed to improve the maritime safety system. It provides possible definitions of maritime safety and safety culture and discusses how far the maritime safety system is from a culture of safety. 相似文献
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为加强港口铁路行车安全,宁波港铁路有限公司在铁路运输中实施了车机联控的办法。详细阐述了车机联控在运输生产中的重要性,从5个方面介绍了如何在运输生产中实施车机联控。实施车机联控后,列车运行安全得到了有效保障。 相似文献
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对我国海上风场水域的交通安全监管现状进行分析,提出基于立体感知技术的海上风场水域交通安全监管系统方案。对该系统的组成和架构进行设计,并在福清兴化湾风电场一期项目中对其监管效果进行测试验证。结果表明,该系统能实现较好的监管效果,该系统的提出有助于提升海上风场的安全防御能力和交通安全管理能力,为我国海上风场的建设和安全监管提供理论参考。 相似文献
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沿海水上交通安全的风险评估研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
船舶水上交通安全的有效监管一直是业内研究人员十分重视的研究课题。近年来,风险管理的理念使得事故后的安全管理朝向事故发生前的风险评估。结合福建沿海水上交通近7年来的实际情况,运用综合安全评估方法(FSA,Formal Safety Assessment),在对沿海水上交通安全的现状与未来特点分析的基础上,经风险矩阵计算,得出沿海水上交通风险定量化特征。然后,提出基于协同模式的风险控制方案、网格化管理、长效机制等方面的水上交通风险动态管理的体系与机制,内容涵盖了危险源分析、风险评估、危机预警与风险干预、应急救援、安全监督与管理等。 相似文献
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砂石运输船舶的安全管理问题,长期以来是水上交通安全管理的难点。由于这类船舶存在许多不安全的因素,是水上交通事故的主要源头所在,而且这类船舶超栽、超限、逃避检查等现象的严重程度已对通航安全的管理产生了较大的影响,其严重性、危害性是十分巨大的。文中建议建立并完善各级海事部门与有关职能部门的联系沟通机制,建立与航运企业,港口企业,行政相对人联系制度,加强督促企业和船舶安全管理主体责任的落实,共同打造水上交通安全责任链。 相似文献
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实施"油改电"以后,轮胎吊高架滑触线供电系统在实际使用暴露了一些问题。为此,进行了改进。揭示了原供电系统的问题及原因。从5个方面采取了安全措施。有效提高了轮胎吊高架滑触线供电系统的安全性。 相似文献
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长江沿江经济和化学工业的飞速发展,带动了长江液货船运输业的异军突起,同时也给水上安全与防污染工作带来了严峻挑战。文章对液货船运输安全监督管理的现状进行了分析,提出了加强安全管理的相关建议。 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of a Swedish study on maritime safety culture. The study aims to increase knowledge about the characteristics of safety culture in the maritime setting and about the relationship between safety culture and organizational climate. Such knowledge can be vital in the process of developing and improving safety culture. The paper reports the results of safety culture assessments on board six Swedish passenger ships in international traffic, using observations, questionnaires, and interviews focussing on 508 employees who completed the questionnaires. The results of the assessments revealed a generally good existing safety culture. Differences in individuals' safety culture perceptions were found between ships, vessel type (high-speed craft versus Ropax), and hierarchical working position. Important relationships between organizational climate and safety culture were also found. A comparison with other transport sectors where the same safety culture assessment had been applied yielded that passenger shipping has an average safety culture score level that falls between air traffic control and airport ground handling. The method of assessment, which can be used by shipping companies and vessel crews, identified specific areas of concern in the safety culture that could support continuous improvements of safety and safety culture. 相似文献
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客滚运输发展迅猛并将继续保持良好的态势。近年来,客滚船舶安全工作取得了长足的进步,如何实现客滚运输安全的长期稳定、不断探索客滚船安全管理空间显得更加迫切。本文结合欧盟地区我渤海湾在区关于客滚船安全管理的简要历程,提出了引进智力,开展渤海湾和欧盟地区客滚船安全营运比较研究及客滚船安全评估等建议。 相似文献
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提出了舰船总纵强度可靠性分析的一种新方法,探讨在短期随机海况下船体总纵强度的安全裕度的近似概率计算.通过一个例子,详细给出了短期海况下船体安全裕度的计算过程,显现出该方法在短期海况中进行船体总纵强度可靠性分析与评价的良好应用前景. 相似文献