氧化沟曝气设备——非金属曝气转刷

氧化沟作为一种污水处理工艺，以其结构简单、流程短、处理效果好、便于管理等特点，在国内污水处理厂得到了广泛的应用。而曝气设备又是氧化沟工艺的核心设备，决定着该工艺的运行稳定性和处理效果，转刷曝气机就是其中之一。目前，国内普遍使用的是金属材料的转刷，我所在总结多年实践经验和市场需求的基础上，自主研发了非金属叶片曝气转刷；     

BZ-9000／1．0F型曝气转刷充氧性能的测试及分析

BZ-9000／1．0F型曝气转刷是七一八所环境工程产业的一项主导产品。其充氧能力和动力效率是该设备最主要的性能指标，直接关系到氧化沟工艺的处理效果及运行费用。本文详细介绍了BZ-9000／1．0F型曝气转刷的结构特点与性能，并对曝气转刷的主要指标一充氧能力与动力效率的测试方法及测试过程作了详尽的讨论。     

YLY-5000型溢流堰过水流量计算的理论方法

YLY-5000型溢流堰是氧化沟工艺配套的主要设备。本文详细介绍了YLY-5000型溢流堰的结构特点与性能，并提供过水流量的简单计算方法。     

船舶生活污水处理的实船试验研究

采用厌氧复合床反应器与接触氧化、接触沉淀相结合的工艺,设计加工样机处理某货轮生活污水.结合为期3个月的实船试验情况,分析讨论了在船舶这一特殊场所与环境下进行污水处理所遇到的各种问题,重点是水质预处理、水量调节、曝气方式选择,流量输送与控制、供气及自控等附属设备选型与布设,以及布水装置、摇晃与振动影响、装置密封与观察孔布设等细节问题,提出了可能的解决方案,可为船舶生活污水处理装置的进一步开发和完善提供参考.     

氧化沟技术在港区生活污水处理中的应用

营口港鲅鱼圈港区生活污水处理场的设计处理量为１５００ｔ／ｄ，采用氧化沟技术处理生活污水。介绍污水处理场的工艺流程，设备概况和工程特点，试运行结果表明，出水水质达到设计要求。     

沸石曝气生物滤池处理船舶生活污水的研究

采用间歇运行的沸石曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)处理模拟船舶生活污水,研究表明,ZBAF对污水温度、pH、船舶倾斜与摇晃、污水水质波动等具有较好的适应性;在水力停留时间HRT=1.5 h,温度T=30℃,pH=7,曝气量Q=0.16 L/min,当进水化学需氧量COD=798.86 mg/L,氨氮NH_3-N=56.45 mg/L,出水COD=48.81 mg/L,NH_3-N=14.78 mg/L,去除率分别为93.94%和73.82%;装置承受的最大进水COD=1 361 mg/L;研究发现反冲洗能明显改善出水水质。实践证明,在WCBMBR装置中,将沸石曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)取代生物接触氧化柜具有明显优势。     

沸石曝气生物滤池处理船舶生活污水的研究

采用间歇运行的沸石曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)处理模拟船舶生活污水,研究表明,ZBAF对污水温度、pH、船舶倾斜与摇晃、污水水质波动等具有较好的适应性;在水力停留时间HRT=1.5 h,温度T=30℃,pH=7,曝气量Q=0.16 L/min,当进水化学需氧量COD=798.86 mg/L,氨氮NH3-N=56.45 mg/L,出水COD=48.81 mg/L,NH3-N=14.78 mg/L,去除率分别为93.94％和73.82％;装置承受的最大进水COD=1361 mg/L;研究发现反冲洗能明显改善出水水质.实践证明,在WCBMBR装置中,将沸石曝气生物滤池(ZBAF)取代生物接触氧化柜具有明显优势.     

完全混合-循环型改良A~2/O工艺在大型污水处理厂的应用

为解决传统改良A~2/O工艺对合流制污水脱碳除磷效果不佳的问题,完全混合-循环型改良A~2/O工艺[1]结合了传统改良A~2/O工艺和氧化沟的特点,采用氧化沟池型,并采取多点进水,对进水碳源偏低的合流制污水处理中取得了很好的运行效果。     

小区生活污水回用技术与策略

概述了小区中水处理站的常用工艺流程,详细介绍了以生物接触氧化为主体的中水回用工艺,该工艺出水经过消毒处理即可达到中水回用的标准,为小区污水处理及回用提供了一种可供选择的工艺及配套设备。     

专利技术信息

C149 铝电解着色工艺中形成氧化膜的方法该工艺是以硫酸和硫酸铝混合液作为电解液,采用50赫交流电源对铝及其合金进行氧化。氧化时交流电极的两端均挂有待氧化物,因而生产效率比直流氧化提高一倍,同时省掉了一套整流设备。此外,本发明形成的氧化膜层具有比直流氧化膜层光泽性、色     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

Intrusions of eastern North Atlantic central waters and phytoplankton in the north and northwestern Iberian shelf during spring

The influence of intrusions of eastern North Atlantic central water (ENACW) in the north and northwestern Iberian shelf on phytoplankton composition and abundance and on particle-size distributions of seston was analyzed using data collected on three extensive cruises during spring 1991 and 1992. Water with temperature and salinity values between 12.20 and 13.86 °C and between 35.66 and 35.98 psu, respectively, characteristics of the subtropical type of ENACW (ENACW_t), was detected in the upper 100 m of the water-column in all cruises, but particularly in the western coast in 1992. The highest salinity values of this water were found near the surface (0–100-m depth) and in early spring 1992, while minimum salinity values, and also minimum geographical extension, were found in late spring in both years. Phytoplankton blooms concentrated in frontal areas between different water types, with maximum intensity and extension in early spring.Using temperature and salinity characteristics, samples were classified in four groups corresponding to the major water types found in the region: Bay of Biscay central water (BBCW), two segments of ENACW of different salinity and surface water influenced by continental runoff. This classification was significantly confirmed by three independent discriminant analyses using hydrographic and chemical (dissolved nutrients and chlorophyll) variables, phytoplankton species abundance variables and particle-size concentration of seston variables. Phytoplankton blooms related to the presence of saline waters were characterized by the dominance of either chain-forming diatoms or a mixture of diatoms and phytoflagellates and high concentrations of seston. The diatom species dominating in saline waters were typical of upwelling-induced blooms occurring generally during summer. Blooms occurring in waters influenced by runoff also contained diatoms but in lower numbers than those of saline waters. Nutrients were not exhausted in the region, suggesting that phytoplankton populations were still in active growth. These results are interpreted taking into account the known variability in water-mass formation and in the poleward current driving ENACW_t along the shelf, and indicate that saline intrusions are a major feature affecting the distribution and composition of plankton in the spring in the southern Bay of Biscay, thus enlarging to a wider spatial scale their reported influence on the pelagic ecosystem.     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

Advances in the prediction of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils

Punch-through failure of jack-up spudcan foundations occurs in active oil and gas drilling exploration regions, where relatively stiff soil overlies soft marine layer. Therefore, installation of spudcan foundations in such seabed formations threatens the stability of the jack-up rig. A site-specific assessment of the potential and severity of failure must be completed before the commencement of the installation. However, the accuracy of the prediction is limited by the validity of the design method currently in use. This paper presents advances in the prediction of punch-through failure of jack-up platforms in sand/stiff clay over soft clay soils. New analytical models for spudcan installation in double-layered soils are reviewed and compared to the existing methods in the ISO 19905-1 standard and SNAME standard. The capabilities and limitations of each method are summarised and recommendations are drawn for the theoretical predictions of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils.     

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化的实用计算方法

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化规律是研究舰船在风浪中速航性能的重要方面。本文参照有关文献,提出了一种计算风浪中螺旋桨推力、转矩损失的实用定量计算方法,既可用于较精确地估算舰船在风浪中的增阻和失速,还可供提高舰船在风浪中速航性的研究和螺旋桨设计参考。     

A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part II: Numerical simulations

This paper presents a global ocean implementation of a multi-component model of marine pelagic biogeochemistry coupled on-line with an ocean general circulation model forced with climatological surface fields (PELAgic biogeochemistry for Global Ocean Simulations, PELAGOS). The final objective is the inclusion of this model as a component in an Earth System model for climate studies. The pelagic model is based on a functional stoichiometric representation of marine biogeochemical cycles and allows simulating the dynamics of C, N, P, Si, O and Fe taking into account the variation of their elemental ratios in the functional groups. The model also includes a parameterization of variable chlorophyll/carbon ratio in phytoplankton, carrying chl as a prognostic variable. The first part of the paper analyzes the contribution of non-local advective–diffusive terms and local vertical processes to the simulated chl distributions. The comparison of the three experiments shows that the mean chl distribution at higher latitudes is largely determined by mixing processes, while vertical advection controls the distribution in the equatorial upwelling regions. Horizontal advective and diffusive processes are necessary mechanisms for the shape of chl distribution in the sub-tropical Pacific. In the second part, the results have been compared with existing datasets of satellite-derived chlorophyll, surface nutrients, estimates of phytoplankton community composition and primary production data. The agreement is reasonable both in terms of the spatial distribution of annual means and of the seasonal variability in different dynamical oceanographic regions. Results indicate that some of the model biases in chl and surface nutrients distributions can be related to deficiencies in the simulation of physical processes such as advection and mixing. Other discrepancies are attributed to inadequate parameterizations of phytoplankton functional groups. The model has skill in reproducing the overall distribution of large and small phytoplankton but tends to underestimate diatoms in the northern higher latitudes and overestimate nanophytoplankton with respect to picoautotrophs in oligotrophic regions. The performance of the model is discussed in the context of its use in climate studies and an approach for improving the parameterization of functional groups in deterministic models is outlined.     

The importance of polynyas, ice edges, and leads to marine mammals and birds

The correlation between areas of open water in ice-covered seas and increased biological productivity has been noted for some time. To date, most attention has been focused on larger polynyas, such as the Northeast Water and the Northwater. Although spectacular in their own right, these large polynyas represent only part of a vitally important continuum of biological productivity that varies significantly between geographic areas and ice habitats, that includes the multi-year pack of the polar ocean and small localized polynyas in annual ice. Surveys of the distribution and abundance of ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago have shown differences in density that are correlated with the presence or absence of polynyas. There is also significant variation in the biological productivity of polynya areas of the Canadian High Arctic Archipelago and northern Greenland, all of which receive inflow from the polar basin. Long-term studies of polar bears and ringed seals in western Hudson Bay and the eastern Beaufort Sea show significant but dissimilar patterns of change in condition and reproductive rates between the two regions and suggest that fundamentally different climatic or oceanographic processes may be involved. Projections of climate models suggest that, if warming occurs, then the extent of ice cover in Hudson Bay may be among the first things affected. Long-term studies of polar bears and ringed seals in the eastern Beaufort Sea and Hudson Bay would suggest these two species to be suitable indicators of significant climatic or oceanographic changes in the marine ecosystem.     

Exploring relationships between recruitment of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L. 1758) and environmental factors in the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

This paper explores the relationships between the spatial patterns of the distribution of the young hakes of the year (YOY) and the oceanographical features in two areas of the Central Mediterranean (the Ligurian Sea and the Strait of Sicily), characterised by the occurrence of straits and channels. Comparative and correlative approaches were used to investigate coupling between biological and physical patterns. Density indices of the YOY were derived from annual trawl surveys from 1994 to 2004 in spring and autumn. Mean patterns of the YOY distributions were compared with the mesoscale oceanographical features reported in literature. No evident trends in recruitment strength were found in either areas. Inter-annual variability in YOY abundance in the Ligurian Sea was higher than in the Strait of Sicily. The location of nursery grounds in the study areas coincides with zones of relatively higher production, where upwelling and other enrichment processes regularly occur. The presence of predictable eddies and the frontal systems play a major role in the localization of nursery areas in the Strait of Sicily, maintaining their stable position throughout the years. The strongest transport of southern waters from the Tyrrhenian to the Ligurian Sea, due to the East Corsica Current, which is negatively correlated to winter North Atlantic Oscillation, is associated with the highest abundance of hake recruits in the nurseries of the Northern Ligurian Sea.     

未来20年上海港集装箱的增长趋势

综合分析了上海集装箱增长趋势、上海GPD增长的趋势以及上海外贸进出口额与集装箱增长的关系。利用时间序列分析法,对上海外贸进出口额增长率进行分析预测,并利用所得到的结果,结合外贸进出口额与集装箱总量之间的关系,计算出每年集装箱的预测值。在参考相关专家的意见的基础上,对上海港集装箱今后20年的总体走势做出合理的预测。     

半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在集装箱港区道路中的应用

将半刚性基层沥青铺面结构应用于上海外高桥集装箱港区道路,在国内尚属首创。针对港区道路的特点,结合上海地区水文、地质和建材供应条件及港区生产使用功能要求,通过调查分析和总结集装箱港区已建类似工程道路铺面结构使用情况,分析论证相关施工技术方案,并进行必要的试验,对于半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在应用过程中遇到的各种技术问题,提出了较系统的处理办法。