基于临界滑动场的加筋土边坡稳定性分析

传统的极限平衡法分析加筋土边坡稳定性只能依靠假定的滑裂面,未考虑筋材对滑裂面的影响。文中将边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法进行推广,建立了基于准粘聚力原理的加筋土边坡临界滑动场计算方法。该法可确定任意形状的临界滑动面及最小安全系数。通过算例比较了加筋土边坡的临界滑动面与无筋边坡滑动面的变化,并探讨了填土的重度、粘聚力、内摩擦角、筋材抗拉强度等因素对加筋土边坡稳定性的影响。证实利用极限平衡法先求无筋边坡滑动面,再加上筋材的抗滑力矩来计算加筋土边坡安全系数的方法是不正确的。     

基于EFG-FEM的加筋土数值计算方法

提出了一种基于EFG-FEM的加筋土数值计算方法。将等效附加应力法引入EFG中,提出了基于EFG的等效附加应力法。该方法中筋材的作用以附加应力的形式施加在土体上,并最终体现在附加刚度矩阵上。素土采用邓肯张E-v模型模拟其非线性特性,并将其应用于EFG中,提出了背景单元弹性矩阵的计算方法。最后,采用EFG-FEM数值方法计算一加筋土模型,将其与有限元的计算结果比较,证明本文方法具有较好的精度和计算效率。     

塑料土工格栅加筋土挡土墙的有限元分析

介绍塑料土工格栅的特点以及塑料土工格栅加筋土档土墙的结构组成，从此种结构的力学特性出发，建立有限元计算模型，将整个结构划分为土体单元、筋材单元和接触单元，用分离式有限元法对加筋土挡土墙进行计算分析。结果表明，此方法是合理的。     

基于双剪统一强度理论的加筋土挡墙卡斯台德空间土压力

将加筋土看作各向异性的复合体材料,采用双剪统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力的影响,导出了加筋土挡墙卡斯台德空间土压力的双剪统一解。所给出的解可适用于采用各种筋材各种填料的空间土压力的计算。运用双剪统一强度参数公式可求算不同b值所对应的筋土复合体的强度参数,该值同时包含了σ1、σ2和σ3对加筋土强度的贡献,并可将与平面问题对应的常规土工试验方法所测得的强度指标cp和φ换算成空间问题所需要的强度指标ct和φt。统一解可以更好的发挥筋土复合体的强度潜力,应用于实际工程将产生一定的经济效益。     

土工格室加筋粘性土的强度特性研究

对土工格室（三维立体加筋材料）加筋粘性土的强度进行了试验研究，在加筋率相同的条件下，将土工格室中筋土与筋材平铺加筋土及无筋土的强度进行了对比研究，找出了土工格室加筋粘性土抗剪强度增加的原因，探明了土工格室加筋土的工作机理。     

土工合成材料与土界面剪切特性数值模拟

应用有限单元法,建立了土工合成材料拉拔试验计算模型,分析筋土界面力学行为,研究拉拔端不同位移时筋土界面摩阻力与筋材拉伸变形的分布特点,以及筋材刚度与试验超载对筋土界面摩阻力、筋材拉伸变形的影响。结果表明:筋土界面摩阻力并非均匀分布,位于拉拔端附近界面摩阻力有一峰值;对于高强度筋材,随着拉拔端拉伸位移的增大,峰值摩阻力逐渐后移,直至整个界面发生剪切滑动;筋材拉伸刚度与超载需匹配,超载越大,筋材刚度越高,筋材承载能力越强。     

加筋土等效附加力弹性薄板法

将加筋土等效为弹性薄板,将筋材作用等效为附加力。提出了等效附加力与弹性薄板理论相结合对加筋土结构进行安全性预测与设计计算的方法。     

加筋土支挡结构侧向位移的有限元分析

侧向位移是影响加筋土支挡结构应力状态的重要因素。本文采用有限单元分析的数学方法，应用弹性非线性邓肯—张模型，对一加筋土支挡结构的侧向位移进行了分析，并在计算过程模拟了逐层施工，计算结果与实测结果的分布形态基本一致。进一步研究表明，筋材的刚度、间距、加筋体的形状以及局部超载的作用对加筋支挡结构的侧向侧位移有显著的影响，在加筋土工程设计时应把筋材刚度、间距、加筋体的形状以及局部荷载的作用作为主要因素加以控制。     

土体内插加筋单元法在加筋土挡墙计算中的应用

提出了土体内插加筋单元的计算方法,基本原理是将土体与筋带独立划分单元,不考虑筋带单元的节点重叠.在筋带节点位移的土体单元内部设置与筋带节点数目相同的土体附加节点.从而建立了土--筋带--面板挡墙联合作用的有限元模型.简化模型与非简化模型计算结果对比,验证了简化模型计算的正确性.根据依托工程的现场情况,采用有限元数值分析方法进行了模拟,计算结果与现场实际比较好的模拟.     

土工网格材料加固地基室内静态蠕变试验研究

利用轴对称荷载作用下的土工网格材料加固粘性土地基室内模型试验装置，研究了加筋参数(加筋参数包括筋材的层数N，各筋材间的层间距Z和筋材类型等)对地基土承载力与抗变形能力的影响，以及长期荷载作用下地基土的变形规律，分析了压实度K、土工网格间填土厚度等与加筋土变形之间的关系。     

体外预应力结构计算的接触分析方法

提出采用接触分析方法进行体外预应力结构的计算模拟。同时,为验证此方法的可行性,依据相关试验参考文献资料数据,建立对应的有限元结构分析模型,采用有限元分析接触单元法和原普遍采用的共用结点法,分别对梁体进行数值模拟计算,结果表明,接触单元法具有更好的计算精度和准确性。而后,采用接触单元法针对不同体外预应力筋线形布置情况进行接触模拟计算,找到加固效果最好的体外预应力筋布设位置。     

Tyre rolling kinematics and prediction of tyre forces and moments: part I – theory and method

A new method to describe tyre rolling kinematics and how to calculate tyre forces and moments is presented. The Lagrange–Euler method is used to calculate the velocity and contact deformation of a tyre structure under large deformation. The calculation of structure deformation is based on the Lagrange method, while the Euler method is used to analyse the deformation and forces in the contact area. The method to predict tyre forces and moments is built using kinematic theory and nonlinear finite element analysis. A detailed analysis of the tyre tangential contact velocity and the relationships between contact forces, contact areas, lateral forces, and yaw and camber angles has been performed for specific tyres. Research on the parametric sensitivity of tyre lateral forces and self-aligning torque on tread stiffness and friction coefficients is carried out in the second part of this paper.     

接触有限元模型在摩擦桩沉降计算中的应用

该文介绍了接触有限元模型在摩擦桩沉降计算中的应用。建立ANSYS有限元模型,计算软土地基中摩擦桩在竖向荷载作用下的沉降。该模型土层定义为弹性,以面面接触对模拟桩土接触面,温度荷载模拟土层对桩的侧压力。计算得Q-S曲线与试桩实测资料对比,结果表明,用该方法进行基桩沉降计算是有效的。     

车用中央电气接线盒电热耦合仿真分析

以QC/T707车用中央电气接线盒技术条件所规定的负载程序加载至电路所产生的温升现象为研究对象,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立零部件有限元模型,分析了多回路PCB线路、继电器插座、熔断器插座、继电器、熔断器和接触电阻替代零件模型等的温升现象并记录得到时间温升曲线。与试验室按照QC/T707的实物试验结果进行了数据对比,验证了所建立的模型及标定参数的可靠性,满足设计需求,也证明了该仿真分析推广至新产品开发设计验证及设计优化的可靠性。     

Advanced Contact Mechanics-Road and Rail

The development of contact theories and numerical formula for various applications is a field which expands rapidly. This publication focuses on the rolling contact problem both for tire-road and wheel-rail contact. For the tire-road application a central problem is the modeling of the composite structure of the tire under internal pressure and axle load. One actual contact problem is the rolling on soft soil, which is discussed as the main application. In the wheel-rail case the contact area is much smaller and much more emphasis has been laid on the treatment of material changes, wear and creep phenomena. These approaches are discussed in detail as well as a more recent finite element formulation following the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian concept. Ideas about damage mechanisms finish the article.     

Advanced Contact Mechanics–Road and Rail

The development of contact theories and numerical formula for various applications is a field which expands rapidly. This publication focuses on the rolling contact problem both for tire-road and wheel-rail contact. For the tire-road application a central problem is the modeling of the composite structure of the tire under internal pressure and axle load. One actual contact problem is the rolling on soft soil, which is discussed as the main application. In the wheel-rail case the contact area is much smaller and much more emphasis has been laid on the treatment of material changes, wear and creep phenomena. These approaches are discussed in detail as well as a more recent finite element formulation following the arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian concept. Ideas about damage mechanisms finish the article.     

混合Ⅲ型50百分位假人头部有限元模型建模与对比研究

针对已公开的HybridⅢ第50百分位假人头部有限元模型过于简陋和网格尺寸过大的问题,建立了5种不同网格尺寸的Hybrid Ⅲ 50百分位假人头部有限元模型.通过模型有效性验证发现,当网格尺寸大于10mm时由于沙漏能过大而导致模型仿真失效;等于4mm时模型接近于可能仿真失效;小到2mm时模型沙漏能得到了较好的控制且整个头部模型有很好的细节表现.具有该网格尺寸的头部模型较适用于头部接触碰撞的仿真,且可用来建立整体碰撞假人模型.在对头部皮肤与头盖骨之间接触特性的研究中发现,定义了头部皮肤与头盖骨之间的接触使仿真HIC值非常接近于试验值,消除了未定义接触时产生的约20%的误差.     

基于接触非线性的特大吨位球型支座有限元分析

支座是支承和连接桥梁上、下部结构的重要装置.它将上部结构的恒、活载传递给墩台,并根据计算假定适应或者约束上部桥跨结构产生的水平和转角变位.考虑到上部结构为钢桁架结构,球型支座不仅受力巨大且支点受力复杂.将常规放置在上方的球冠衬板倒置,支座水平滑移面从上方移至下方.根据支座结构和桥梁设计支座技术要求,建立支座有限元模型,运用接触分析更精确地对支座进行有限元分析.有限元计算结果表明,支座受力控制构件平面四氟板与曲面四氟板满足设计要求.     

车辆荷载作用下沥青混凝土路面结构的应力响应分析

借助大型有限元软件ABAQUS,运用三维动力有限元的方法,建立了移动荷载作用下基于土基横观各向同性的沥青混凝土路面结构的三维仿真模型,并编制了Dload和Utracload子程序来施加移动荷载.通过有限元Standard计算模块,分析和比较了移动荷载下车辆正常行驶、减速和加速情况时路面结构内部应力响应规律.分析结果表明...     

OSCAR statement of methods

OSCAR (Outil de Simulation du CAptage pour la Reconnaissance des défauts) is the pantograph–catenary dynamic software developed by Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF) since 2004. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) mesh allows the modelling of any catenary type: alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) designs, and conventional or high-speed lines. It is a representative of the real overhead line geometry, with contact wire (CW) irregularities, staggered alignment of the CW, dropper spacing, wire tension, etc. Nonlinearities, such as slackening of droppers and unilateral contact between the pantograph and the CW, are taken into account. Several pantograph models can be used, with a complexity level growing from the three-lumped-mass model to the multibody model. In the second case, a cosimulation between the FE method catenary and the multibody pantograph models has been developed. Industrial features for pre- and post-treatments were developed to increase robustness of results and optimise computation time. Recent developments include volume meshing of the CW for stress computation or statistical analysis and lead to new fields of studies such as fatigue failure or design optimisation. OSCAR was fully validated against in-line measurements for its different AC and DC catenary models as well as its different pantograph models (with independent strips for instance) and has continuously been certified against EN50318 since 2008.