舰船水下爆炸冲击动矩工程化预报

针对船体在水下爆炸载荷作用下产生的冲击动弯矩问题进行研究。基于船体梁模型采用泰勒平板流固耦合理论对船体冲击动弯矩进行工程计算分析,并与试验数据对比分析进行有效性验证,适用于水下爆炸船体冲击动弯矩的工程化快速预报。采用该方法预报了不同船长和排水量的典型船型的冲击动弯矩,探究冲击动弯矩随舰船标准排水量变化的规律;根据上述多个船型动弯矩的大量计算结果,总结出冲击动弯矩经验计算公式,方便于工程设计应用。     

推力桩三参数算法的反演

三参数算法以幂级数的形式给出了推力桩基本微分方程的理论通解,可以实现对桩顶挠度、转角、弯矩、剪力和桩身极大弯矩及其所在位置的拟合.文中通过理论推导与分析,给出了三参数算法反演求解所需的所有基本方程,介绍了反演求解的基本过程,明确r幂指数n的实用取值范围,实现了三参数算法拟合所需参数的求解,为三参数算法的实际应用奠定了基...     

用线性规划求船舶静水弯矩极值和剪力极值

本文将求解静水弯矩极值和剪力极值化为在一组约束条件下求线性泛函极值的问题,并用线性规划方法进行求解。不仅减少了计算的工作量,也为船舯剖面最优设计提供了求弯矩和剪力极值的方法。本文以16000吨散货船为例作了计算,并与常规方法的计算结果作了比较。本文方法还能用于在装载量一定时,求出最小弯矩和剪力的配载。     

无奇异边界元法核心控制参数收敛性分析

本文采用时域方法对三维波物相互作用问题进行了研究和分析。在该方法中,将采用无奇异边界元法(Desingularized Boundary Integral Equation Method,DBIEM)来计算每个时间步长上的流场分布情况,在自由面上满足线性自由面条件,远方辐射边界上满足水波透射器条件。文中首先详细描述了DBIEM方法的实施过程,其次对其核心控制参数进行了收敛性分析,并将得到的结果与参考文献中的结果进行了比对。结果表明,文中模型可有效模拟水波与简单形状结构物的相互作用问题。     

复杂水平荷载作用下部分埋入单桩的计算方法*

在Winkler地基梁模型和有限单元法理论的基础上,提出了一种在复杂水平荷载作用下求解部分埋置水平受荷单桩弯矩和位移的计算方法。将该方法计算结果与经典算例结果和现场试验结果进行对比,验证了该方法的正确性。通过算例分析了水流冲刷作用和桩顶约束条件对部分埋入桩桩身弯矩和位移的影响,分析结果表明,在研究冲刷对桩基水平承载力的影响时应结合桩顶的约束条件。该方法可有效开展复杂水平荷载下部分埋置水平受荷桩的计算分析。     

水波色散方程的直接求解方法

在港口与海岸工程设计中,经常要求利用波浪周期和水深来计算波长,这需要迭代求解水波色散方程,不便于实际应用。如何利用波浪周期和水深来直接简单计算波长,是工程实践提出的需要解决的问题。许多学者提出了一些水波色散方程的近似求解方法,可利用波浪周期和水深直接近似求得波长,不需要利用计算机进行迭代计算。文中对已有的色散方程近似直接求解方法进行了总结和评述,并对各近似公式的相对误差进行对比分析。在此基础上,推荐了几种形式简单、精度较高的近似公式来计算波长。     

起重船波浪载荷直接计算与规范计算比较研究

采用基于三维频域线性水动力理论的波浪载荷计算软件Wave Loads Calculation System对1 600 t全回转浮吊船进行了波浪载荷计算(主要指垂向弯矩与剪力),得到不同工况下载荷分布的特点.并将计算结果与中国船级社《钢质海船入级规范》中的规范计算结果进行了比较.研究表明:起重船由于其船型、质量分布和载荷工况不同于运输船,规范计算公式无法对其波浪载荷做出合理评估,而采用直接计算方法,能够根据装载状态,较为准确和详细地预报船体波浪载荷及其分布.     

规则波中船舶非线性波浪弯矩的时域计算

本文提出了一种预报船舶在迎浪规则波中升沉和耦合运动以及垂向弯矩的非线性响应的方法。本方法的实质是线性切片理论的延伸与推广,它在原切片理论的载荷公式中加入了非线性的浮力项、非线性的流体动量力及阻尼力项。在时域中求解耦合运动方程组,在此基础上分别求解将船体视为刚体和弹性梁的垂向弯矩。此非线性理论计算值与线性理论计算值及模型试验结果作了比较,非线性计算模拟与模型试验结果一般可达到良好的一致性。在船舶总纵强度研究有特定价值的波长范围内,本方法能有效地用来预报垂向弯矩,     

波浪爬高的PSPH方法数值模拟研究

通过Poisson方程迭代求解压力场的SPH方法,建立了模拟水波动力学问题的数值模型,将亚格子湍流模式加入方程中,更加精确地描述了波浪破碎时的湍流特性。针对SPH方法中粒子靠近边界处由于粒子缺失导致核函数的截断而引起计算误差,将核函数梯度修正引入了数值计算模型中。同时提出一种新的边界压力计算方法,改善了边界压力计算的精度。对孤立波及椭余波在斜坡上的爬坡破碎过程进行了数值模拟,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好。表明该方法在对复杂水波动力问题的数值模拟上是行之有效的。     

规则波中半潜式平台水动力的时域数值模拟

能在时域内准确求解三维波物相互作用问题的水动力对不规则波问题中的时域数值模拟具有很大的吸引力,为了研究应用时域理论对三维波物相互作用问题,采用基于Rankine源的边界元法计算每一时刻的流场,在自由面上采用积分格式的自由面条件(Integral-Form of Free-surface Boundary Condition,IFBC);在远方控制面上采用多次透射边界条件(Multi-Transmitting Formula,MTF).文中讨论了基本参数对浮体受力的影响,同时对截断圆柱和半潜式平台的水波绕射问题进行了时域模拟,并将数值结果与频域结果进行了比较.结果表明,采用文中方法得到的数值结果准确、稳定和高效.     

基于间断有限元方法的可压缩水高速冲击平板特性研究

基于任意欧拉拉格朗日（ALE）方法,忽略流体的粘性,建立水射流冲击刚性平板的数值模型。为了更为精确地捕捉流场中压力波,该文推导了在ALE框架下的间断有限元方法。该方法易于提高数值离散的空间精度,数值稳定性较
　　好,利于精确模拟高速水射流冲击过程。对于自由液面的变形,采用径向基函数方法确定网格单元的速度。该方法采用边界网格节点的信息去推导出内部网格节点的信息,不需要单元信息。平头水柱射流冲击的数值结果与Autodyn的数值结果吻合较好。在验证方法合理性的基础上,文中对平头及圆头水柱中压力波的分布特性进行了分析。数值结果表明：当冲击在平板表面时,会在产生一个压力波之后向水域内传播,且使得平板受到较大压力的作用。此外,圆头水柱的射流冲击将会产生一个更大的压力峰值。     

Time-domain numerical and experimental analysis of hydroelastic response of a very large floating structure edged with a pair of submerged horizontal plates

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic problem of a pontoon-type, very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with the perforated plates, non-perforated plates or their combination anti-motion device both numerically and experimentally. A direct time domain modal expansion method, taking amount of the time domain Kelvin sources in hydrodynamic forces, in which the fluid flows across the perforated anti-motion plate by applying the Darcy's law, is applied to the fluid–structure interaction problem. A quarter of numerical model is built based on the symmetry of flow field and structure in hydrodynamic forces, and special care is paid to the rapid and accurate evaluation of time domain free-surface Green functions and its spatial derivatives in finite water depth by using interpolation–tabulation method. Using the developed numerical tools and the model tests conducted in a wave basin, the response-reduction efficiency of the perforated plates is systematically assessed for various wave and anti-motion plate parameters, such as plate width, porosity and submergence depth. As a result of the parametric study, the porosity 0.11 is selected as the optimal porosity, and the relationship between the porosity and the porous parameter is developed by using the least-squares fitting scheme. After simulation and verification, the dual anti-motion plates which are the perforated-impermeable-plate combination attached to the fore-end and back-end of the VLFS, are designed for more wave energy dissipation and added damping. Considering variation of the water depths in offshore, discussion on the effectiveness of these anti-motion devices at different water depths is highlighted.     

曲面孔板反射系数试验研究（英文）

A set of experiments is carried out in a towing tank to study the effects of the curvature of perforated plates on the wave reflection coefficient(Cr). The curvature of a perforated plate can be changed by rotating a reference perforated plate about its origin point according to the parabolic equation y=-x~2. A plunger-type wave maker is used to generate regular waves. The reflection coefficients are calculated using Goda and Suzuki's(1976) method. The results are compared with those of vertical or sloped passive wave absorbers. The comparison shows that a perforated plate with a curved profile is highly efficient in terms of reducing the wave reflection coefficient. A correlation is established to estimate the reflection coefficient of curved perforated plates as a function of both flow and geometry characteristics.     

Hydroelastic responses and interactions of floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with floating breakwaters

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic responses and hydrodynamic interactions of two large floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with the presence of floating breakwaters. These modules and breakwaters form the floating fuel storage facility (FFSF). The floating storage modules and breakwaters are modeled as plates and the linear wave theory is used to model the water waves in the numerical model. The numerical model is verified with existing numerical results and validated with experimental test. Numerical simulations are performed to determine the hydroelastic behavior and hydrodynamic interactions of floating storage modules placed adjacent to each other and enclosed by floating breakwaters under various incident wave angles. The effects of breakwaters, drafts, channel spacing formed by the two adjacent modules and water depth on the hydroelastic responses of the modules are investigated. The wave induced responses of multiple floating storage modules enclosed by floating breakwaters are also examined.     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

Scattering of surface water waves involving semi-infinite floating elastic plates on water of finite depth

Two problems of scattering of surface water waves involving a semi-infinite elastic plate and a pair of semi-infinite elastic plates,separated by a gap of finite width,floating horizontally on water of finite depth,are investigated in the present work for a two-dimensional time-harmonic case.Within the frame of linear water wave theory,the solutions of the two boundary value problems under consideration have been represented in the forms of eigenfunction expansions.Approximate values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by solving an over-determined system of linear algebraic equations in each problem.In both the problems,the method of least squares as well as the singular value decomposition have been employed and tables of numerical values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for specific choices of the parameters for modelling the elastic plates.Our main aim is to check the energy balance relation in each problem which plays a very important role in the present approach of solutions of mixed boundary value problems involving Laplace equations.The main advantage of the present approach of solutions is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained by using both the methods are found to satisfy the energy-balance relations associated with the respective scattering problems under consideration.The absolute values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented graphically against different values of the wave numbers.     

Experimental study on reflection coefficient of curved perforated plate

A set of experiments is carried out in a towing tank to study the effects of the curvature of perforated plates on the wave reflection coefficient (C _r ). The curvature of a perforated plate can be changed by rotating a reference perforated plate aboutits origin according to the parabolic equation y=?x ². A plunger-type wave maker is used to generate regular waves. The reflection coefficients are calculated using Goda and Suzuki’s (1976) method. The results are compared with those of vertical or sloped passive wave absorbers. The comparison shows that a perforated plate with a curved profile is highly efficient in terms of reducing the wave reflection coefficient. A correlation is established to estimate the reflection coefficient of curved perforated plates as a function of both flow and geometry characteristics.     

船舶阻抗失配基座对平面弯曲波传递的阻抑特性

研究了船舶阻抗失配基座对平面弯曲波传递的阻抑特性.基于波动理论,根据不均质结构中波型转换、阻抗特性,推导并给出了振动波入射不同连接形式的船舶基座结构的透声系数及隔声量公式,归纳了隔振性能随基座板架厚度比及频率变化规律,讨论了基座连接结构处板架固定方式对隔振性能的影响.在理论分析基础上,构造含阻振质量的阻抗失配基座.数值结果表明阻抗失配基座显著增大了基座的输入机械阻抗,加剧了振动波在船体板架中的波形转换、散射和反射,显著提高了舰船基座结构的隔振效果.     

椭圆余弦波对圆弧型固立防波堤的绕射波浪力

基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导浅水波对圆弧型固立防波堤绕射的波势解,据此计算作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷。结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

孤立波作用于V形薄壁防波堤的绕射波浪力

在一定条件下浅水波可能以孤立波形态作用于离岸结构。基于波浪绕射理论,推导V形薄壁防波堤的一阶孤立波绕射理论解。通过对孤立波作用于防波堤的波浪力进行计算,研究孤立波对V形防波堤的作用规律。通过对180°张角的有限长薄壁V形堤足够长时的绕射波浪力计算,与无限长直立薄壁堤的孤立波反射波浪力进行有效的相似性比较。结果表明:孤立波的最大无量纲波浪力明显大于相同浅水条件下Airy微幅波理论的对应结果,由此反映浅水波的非线性效应;孤立波入射角、V形堤张角、防波堤臂长与水深比以及孤立波特征参数等因素的变化均将对波浪荷载产生一定的影响。