美国海军发展网络中心作战能力的启示

作为美国海军网络中心战的实施战略,部队网（FORCEnet）是由作战结构和体系框架两大部件构成。FORCEnet采用任务包、交战包和选项包在三个交织点上协同“作战概念”和“技术装备”双重螺旋发展网络中心作战（NCO）能力。海上试验进程也是“实战化”NCO能力的一种不可或缺的手段。总之,FORCEnet连续创新进程对其他军兵种发展NCO能力也具有普遍的指导意义。     

网络中心战与水面舰艇总体设计

自美国于1997年首次提出"网络中心战"理论以来,受到了各海军大国的普遍重视.在未来的海战中,将面临着由传统的以舰艇为主体的"平台中心战"向以信息为基础的"网络中心战"的转变.但是,在舰艇使命与角色的换位中,并没有降低对舰艇设计的要求.本文从这两方面的关系上,初步探讨了"网络中心战"与舰艇总体设计之间的相互推动与促进关系.     

舰艇编队防空作战复杂网络建模

以复杂网络理论为指导,对舰艇编队进行网络化抽象,按照组分功能的不同将舰艇编队防空作战系统进行了作战单元抽象,依据组分之间的不同关系进行了关系的抽象;构建了不同作战模式下典型舰艇编队防空作战复杂网络模型;通过对"网络中心"和"平台中心"2种防空作战模式的统计特性分析,得出在防空作战中,"网络中心战"在组织结构、协同作战能力、抗毁性能等方面较"平台中心战"具有更大优势.研究结果对了解"网络中心战"和"平台中心战"的特性,促进作战体系建设具有重要意义.     

美国海军全舰计算环境发展及关键技术

全舰计算环境是新一代舰载系统集成技术,对舰艇平台信息化具有重要意义和影响,是"网络中心战"在单个舰艇平台上的具体体现,也是舰艇平台信息化技术迈向"网络中心战"的一个重要里程碑。本文对全舰计算环境的发展情况、体系结构和主要技术进行介绍。     

西欧国家潜艇通信能力的发展与展望

重点讨论为适应"网络中心战"环境,发展潜艇通信能力必须要考虑的各种因素,包括支持多种通信能力,引入网络化体系结构,开发基于IP的通信等.分析了当需要在多个信道中同时进行数据发送和接收时,不同潜艇天线之间的互耦现象.     

美海军装备新架构网络的初步体验

美海军正使用根据模型和战时经验定义的在全面实施网络中心战时可形成闭环的网络，即FORCEnet项目。该项目将完成其概念设计，设计者已预见该项目能成为关键性基准。     

国外航空声学探潜装备研究进展

航空探潜装备在反潜装备体系中占有重要地位。目前,航空声呐正朝着低频、大孔径扩展阵和垂直阵方向发展,并实现多传感器的联合搜潜。在"网络中心战"思想的指导下,分布式声呐网络的概念应运而生,航空声呐作为其中的重要节点,探潜效能得到了更好的发挥。     

舰队防御--综合电子战(EW)扩大虚拟战空间

1 网络中心战 根据网络中心战学说及海军规模和深度,美国正在发展综合电子战。正如 CMDRSteve Strausser所指出:“网络中心战通过收集、处理及判别有效信息的集成能力而增强了发展并保持作战空间意识及知识能力……网络中心战能力的增强是一种提供确保获取高质量信息服务的所有战斗群元素的基础结     

美国海军信息战的战略部署

针对信息战技术的应用和发展,美国海军近年来对海上信息战作了如下战略部署: 1.从基于平台的战争发展为基于网络的战争——网络中心战; 2.明确了信息战的内涵为信息保护、信息发掘、信息破坏、信息污讹; 3.建立国防信息基础设施公共操作环境,并在公共操作环境上进行系     

水声对抗系统仿真研究现状和发展

水声对抗是现代海战的一个重要组成部分,与系统仿真技术相结合的水声对抗仿真技术对水声对抗系统的发展起到重要的促进作用。综述了国内外水声对抗系统及水声对抗仿真技术和系统的发展现状。结合水声对抗系统和技术在＂网络中心战＂条件下的发展,指出了水声对抗系统仿真发展的方向是＂网络化水声对抗＂仿真,并描述了其主要研究内容和关键技术。     

美军部队网实施战略分析

部队网是美国海军强化其实施网络中心行动能力的途径,介绍了美国海军部队网的形成和任务能力,着重分析了促成部队网建设所需的关键技术及美军目前面临的挑战,最后指出部队网的未来发展思路及对我军的启示。     

岸边集装箱起重机风载荷数值模拟研究

岸边集装箱起重机抗风性能设计是不可缺少的控制性环节。本文对65t-65m岸边集装箱起重机风洞试验的模型进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟。通过计算几个典型的风向角和风速工况下起重机风洞试验模型,得到了丰富的流场及压力场信息,并绘制了速度分布和压力分布图。与风洞试验的数值对比,所得误差较小,说明使用CFD数值模拟的方法计算岸边集装箱起重机风载荷是可行的。     

建设湖区水域突发事件应急处置体系的研究

目前我国一些湖区水域由于受到自然因素以及人为因素的影响,导致湖区水域突发事件频发。当湖区水域发生突发事件时,如果有完善的突发事件应急处置体系,就能把突发事件的影响降到最低。文中介绍了湖区水域突发事件应急处置体系存在的三个方面的问题,提出了建设湖区水域突发事件应急处置体系五个方面的策略。     

Land utilization in the container terminal: a global perpective

Conventionl wisdom in terms of land utilization has been derived from a micro view—strategies concerning land utilization have been formulated based on the need of terminal operators. The major factors considered are the cost, the manoeuverability, the stacking ability of the yard operating systems etc. Regretfully, they have failed to deal with issues concerning land utilization in a broader aspect. Factors considered from a micro view point cannont explain why there are huge differences in the storage capacity of land, the utilization rate of this storage capacity and varying land productivity achieved among container terminals throughout the world. Few researchers have examined he issues from a macro view point, revealing a lack of far-sightedness. Therefore, they cannot explain the global differences in land utilization among terminal operators. The aim of this paper is to examine this issue from a macro view point and provide principles for terminal development.     

上海洋山港区固定断面实测水深资料分析

对上海洋港区 2 0 0 0 - 0 1～ 2 0 0 1- 0 1固定断面实测水深资料进行了整理分析 ,得出以下结论 :该海区夏秋季冲刷 ,冬春季淤积 ,全年冲淤平衡略有淤积。根据对实测资料的整理分析 ,进一步提出了封堵小洋山～镬盖塘汊口的必要性     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

Crew resource management training in the maritime industry: a literature review

The study is based on a literature review of recent empirical research on crew resource management (CRM) training in the maritime industry, organised around what non-technical skills to learn and how. The review indicates that existing work is dominated by individualistic theories of learning with less focus on learning as a social process. Five main categories of skills that need to be trained are identified: assertiveness, decision-making, communication, situation awareness and team coordination. We argue that it is necessary to operationalise these broad concepts further, emphasising the work context and crew-specific needs. The review also shows that a combination of classroom lectures and simulator-based exercises is commonly used in maritime education and training in these skills. The learning effect seems to be suffering from training programmes that are exported ‘as is’ from aviation and not adjusted to the maritime domain or to operation-specific needs. This paper examines maritime crew resource management training from a social learning perspective, involving the view that learning is a context bound, social process that might take place in communities of practice (CoP). A CoP is a group (e.g. a crew) wherein members share an activity and learn from each other. It is argued that CRM training programmes will benefit from including a social learning perspective. Factors that enable the assessment of teams are discussed, and it is argued that the training should be tailored to existing crews, emphasising a learning environment as close to reality as possible.     

Cruise ship market segmentation: a 'non-traditional' port case study

Market segmentation in the cruise ship industry is an essential tool for securing a favourable market share. A case study of a mid-sized vessel operating from a 'non-traditional' port provides insights of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of a cruise population. The questionnaire also supports the logic for a strong local/regional marketing effort and validates the rationale for the provision of a cruise service from a 'non-traditional' port.     

组合预测在港口吞吐量预测中的应用研究

以某港口1996—2002年吞吐量为原始数据,按照“误差平方和最小”的准则,把一元线性回归模型和GM(1,1)模型组合起来,对某港口2004—2008年的吞吐量进行了组合预测。