重型车辆与路面耦合作用的仿真分析研究

针对车-路系统以及车-路耦合作用的特点,运用ADAMS动力学仿真软件,建立了某重型车的多自由度仿真模型,并利用ADAMS对模型进行了仿真计算,分析了车辆以不同载重量、不同速度行驶于不同等级路面时,车辆对路面的动载荷作用。结果表明：车-路耦合产生的动载作用受路面工况的影响较大,随着路面等级的降低,车辆对路面的动载荷有着显著的增大;在车辆正常行驶速度范围内,车辆对路面的动载荷也随着车速的增加而增大;而在相同条件下。满载车辆较空载车辆对路面的动载荷要大很多,即满载对路面的破坏作用更为显著。     

侧风作用下山区高速公路行车稳定性仿真分析

为研究山区高速公路在侧风作用下的行车安全问题,基于CarSim仿真软件构建特定道路模型和侧风模型,选取车辆滑移角和侧向加速度作为行车风险评价指标,将圆曲线半径、路面摩擦系数、行驶速度分别作为单一变量,系统地模拟了侧风作用下山区高速公路行车稳定性.结果表明,降低车速、增大路面摩擦系数和圆曲线半径,可以有效地减小车辆的滑移角和侧向加速度.以7级侧风为仿真条件进行定量分析可知:80 km/h设计速度对应的圆曲线半径极限值应为280 m;路面摩擦系数为0.4和0.18时,分别限速70 km/h和60 km/h可维持车辆稳定性;105 km/h是车辆危险驾驶的临界车速,如进一步考虑舒适性,则应适当减速.      

喇叭形互通立交行驶安全性与舒适性仿真研究

选择重庆九龙坡至永川高速路段的来凤立交进行虚拟实验,目的是研究车速和匝道半径大小对行驶舒适性与安全性的影响,并依据实验结论对来凤立交提出合理限速与设置安全性设施。首先使用纬地三维道路设计软件对来凤立交进行立交复现,然后依据实车实验,利用Carsim车辆动力学软件对车辆进行建模指导。研究得出如下结论:(1)横向加速度在缓和曲线和圆曲线上的峰值随着车速的增加而变大,考虑行驶安全性与舒适性,给出了行车速度建议,匝道A、B建议车速为50km/h以内,匝道C建议车速45km/h,匝道D限速35km/h,并针对每一条匝道提出安全性建议;(2)增大匝道半径有利于提高行车安全性与舒适性,但是具体半径值还需要结合实际情况;(3)针对匝道C、D,研究车速与匝道半径耦合效应下对横向加速度的影响,车速与半径对匝道D上的横向加速度影响程度都很大,而匝道C上的横向加速度主要受车速影响。     

基于MATLAB/Simulink车辆主动悬架时频响应研究

为了研究车辆主动悬架时频响应特性,以主动悬架1/4车辆模型为研究对象,依据车辆系统动力学理论建立了1/4车辆主动悬架动力学模型,利用Simulink对悬架和车身加速度进行仿真,对不同车速下的路面高程曲线的频谱和车辆固有频率进行分析。研究结果表明,仿真车辆在B级公路以60km/h车速行驶时,路面激励引发车辆共振。     

驾驶员弯道操纵能力实车测试与分析方法研究

为客观评价不同驾驶员的弯道操纵能力，提出了一种驾驶员弯道行驶过程操纵行为实车测试分析方法。招募12名驾驶员在试验场标准路面上进行实车试验，分别以30 km/h、40 km/h、50 km/h的初速度驶入U形弯道并自由行驶，记录驾驶员操控数据和车辆运动状态数据，对驾驶员弯道操纵能力进行分析。试验结果表明：不同能力的驾驶员在纵向车速、纵向加速度、纵向急动度、转向盘转角、横摆角速度、转向盘转角熵值等指标上呈现明显差异。该方法可进一步扩展应用于自动驾驶汽车的弯道行驶能力分析评估。     

故障一点通

上海大众途观刹车制动跑偏故障现象:2011年生产的途观1.8T,两轮驱动,行驶至120km/h以上,踩刹车(ABS未启动时)车辆向右跑偏,速度越快现象越明显,且ABS灯没有点亮。故障诊断与排除:试车情况:1.车速>120km/h常规制动,车辆正常;2.车速>120km/h紧急制动,ABS起作用时,车辆正常;     

风环境下高墩大跨连续刚构桥的行车安全性分析

基于风-车-桥耦合系统振动理论,建立风-车-桥耦合系统的运动方程。运用自编风-车-桥耦合程序,计算不同路面、不同车速和不同风速下车轮竖向接触力,分析路面等级、车速和风速对车辆行驶安全性的影响;以车轮折算压力为标准,采用概率统计方法建立车辆侧滑和侧倾事故模型,提高事故分析的可靠性,并结合工程实例,对风环境下车辆的动力响应进行了分析。计算了车辆行驶在不同车速下侧倾临界风速、不同风速下侧倾临界车速和4种不同路面状况下侧滑临界风速,为车辆在桥上行驶安全风速和车速确定提供依据。     

车辆荷载作用下双工字钢-混组合连续梁桥振动控制研究

车桥耦合作用下，钢-混凝土组合梁桥竖向振动问题比较突出，这将影响行人的安全及舒适性。以中国某三跨双工字钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥为研究对象，对桥梁进行车桥耦合振动分析及控制。基于Newmark-β法在ANSYS中利用APDL语言建立车桥耦合振动模型，并对不同车重、车速和路面等级下的桥梁竖向加速度振动响应进行分析。在桥梁各跨跨中安装调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对桥梁振动进行控制，采用最佳参数调整方法确定TMD参数。对安装TMD前后的桥梁振动响应进行对比分析，并结合Sperling指标对行人舒适度进行评价。研究结果表明：车速、车重和路面等级均是导致行人舒适度变差的重要因素;2辆同型号车辆按相应车道并排行驶，安装TMD后，随着车速的增大，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率逐渐增大，当车速为120 km·h^-1时，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率达到43.7%，Sperling指标从2.76降到2.33，振动控制效果最为明显;随着车重的增加，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率基本呈增大趋势，当各车重为40 t时，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率为29.1%，Sperling指标从2.20减小到1.99，行人舒适度得到了较大改善;随着路面不平顺等级的增大，桥梁跨中竖向加速度峰值减小率也逐渐增大，C级路面时加速度峰值减小率可达到29.4%，控制效果明显。因此，安装TMD对不同车重、车速和路面等级下的桥梁跨中竖向加速度响应均起到了控制作用，对双工字钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥安装TMD可以有效地改善行人舒适度。     

路肩隆声带警示效果的试验研究

使用Wirtgen W600DC型铣刨机在试验路段上设置了5种形式的路肩隆声带,采用驾驶员头部位置处的噪声值、地板和座椅处的振动加速度值作为测量参数,进行了3种车型(轿车、中型客车、重型货车)的道路试验,建立了路肩隆声带警示效果与结构参数间的经验模型。试验结果显示,在隆声带条件下,噪声增大了8~23 dB,且在车速为25km/h时出现峰值,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大;车辆地板加速度均方根值平均增大4~7倍,车辆座椅加速度均方根值平均增大2~3倍。车辆地板和座椅加速度,在隆声带深度大于14 mm时增幅较大,且对于同一结构尺寸的隆声带,在车速为20~35 km/h时出现波峰,在车速大于40 km/h时,随车速的增加而增大。最后,在保证路肩隆声带警示效果以及使用安全性的条件下,提出了适用于我国高等级公路的路肩隆声带合理结构参数建议。     

基于ADAMS/Car的雨天汽车行车安全分析

以多刚体动力学仿真软件ADAMS/Car为依托,建立车辆动力学模型、道路模型、车路耦合模型.通过改变ADAMS/Car中道路文件的路面摩擦系数,分别研究了车辆在干燥路面、潮湿路面及雨天路面的行驶状况.通过单移线和斜坡脉冲转向这2种常见工况进行仿真分析,得到了不同的车辆侧向位移曲线和车轮所受的侧向反力曲线,分析雨天对汽车行车安全的影响.单移线仿真试验结果表明:雨天路面摩擦因数为0.4,车速为60 km/h时,车辆变车道容易失去控制发生意外;车速为55km/h,转向盘转角达到70°时,车辆也将失去控制;斜坡阶跃仿真试验结果表明:车速为40 km/h,车辆将会失去控制.      

轮胎均匀性对牵引车行驶平顺性影响试验研究

针对某重型卡车行驶至70 km/h附近时存在严重异常振动现象,本文阐述了轮胎均匀性各项指标及影响因素,并通过道路试验的方法,得到了车辆在装配不同均匀性等级轮胎状态下,各车速驾驶室地板位置的加权加速度均方根值,结果表明,轮胎均匀性对汽车行驶平顺性的影响较为明显。本文为汽车整车及轮胎的匹配设计提供了依据,也为解决卡车异常振动问题提供了方向。     

道路几何参数对车辆操纵稳定性影响

为研究道路几何参数对车辆操纵稳定性的影响,本文采用MATLAB/Simulink建立了3自由度整车动力学模型,通过数值仿真模拟,研究了车辆在不同超高、纵坡坡度以及合成纵坡下动力响应,在此基础上进一步分析了在不同车速以及前轮转角输入下,道路几何参数对车辆操纵稳定性的影响.结果表明:与水平路面相比,道路超高和纵坡坡度对车辆...     

Conceptual design of high-speed semi-low-floor bogie for train-tram

Train-tram railway vehicles implement the connection between urban tramlines and the surrounding railway network. Train-tram railway vehicles, which use existing infrastructure, can help to avoid large investments in new railways or tramlines and make interchanges between city center and surrounding cities unnecessary. However, present train-tram rail vehicle cannot carry out the integration of operating by means of high speed in intercity railways with operating on small radius of curvature in inner city tramlines. This paper aims to develop a new model for solid wheelsets train-tram railway vehicles, which will not only pass the curve of 25mR radius of curvature traveling on inner city tramlines with the speed of 18 km/h, but also can travel on straight railway with 200 km/h high speed between intercity. In this paper, a new train-tram model, including five car-body and five motor bogies with ten traction motors, is addressed. Expect as a real rail vehicle testing, this study prefer virtual simulation, which is an effective way to show the rail vehicle performance, such as ride stability, ride comfort and ride safety, by means of evaluating the dynamic characteristics of rail vehicle. Moreover, Design of Experiment (DOE) method is used to optimize solid wheelsets bogie system on improving passenger comfort, safety and stability of train-tram. Parameters of components of bogie system are tuned to minimize the derailment coefficient and the ride comfort index. The results shows that the best comfort index for passenger and minimum derailment coefficient are found. The results also show that this optimized new train-tram model is reliable and practical enough to be applied on real rail vehicle design.     

驾驶室悬置对整车平顺性影响的试验研究

某车型分别装配固定式前悬置、液压式前悬置驾驶室,在沥青路面以50km/h、60km/h、70km/h的速度,沙石路面以20km/h的速度进行平顺性试验,使用FlexPro8.0软件对试验数据进行分析处理,得出两种驾驶室悬置对整车平顺性的影响。     

考虑道路因素的智能车辆纵向运动决策与控制研究

针对智能车辆纵向运动时的交通道路适应性问题,考虑路面附着系数和前车运动速度等因素,研究了智能车辆纵向运动决策与控制方法。论文研究了基于车头时距的纵向运动决策方法并建立不同驾驶行为的目标车速模型,运用变论域模糊推理算法设计了目标加速度模型。基于纵向动力学模型,运用自适应反演滑模控制算法建立了驱动控制器和制动控制器。对高附着系数路面和低附着系数路面的行驶工况进行仿真试验验证,结果表明,在不同的附着系数路面和前车变速行驶条件下,智能车辆能实时、合理地决策目标车速、目标加速度,实现安全、高效、稳定的跟驰。     

Influence of tyre–road contact model on vehicle vibration response

The influence of the tyre–road contact model on the simulated vertical vibration response was analysed. Three contact models were compared: tyre–road point contact model, moving averaged profile and tyre-enveloping model. In total, 1600 real asphalt concrete and Portland cement concrete longitudinal road profiles were processed. The linear planar model of automobile with 12 degrees of freedom (DOF) was used. Five vibration responses as the measures of ride comfort, ride safety and dynamic load of cargo were investigated. The results were calculated as a function of vibration response, vehicle velocity, road quality and road surface type. The marked differences in the dynamic tyre forces and the negligible differences in the ride comfort quantities were observed among the tyre–road contact models. The seat acceleration response for three contact models and 331 DOF multibody model of the truck semi-trailer was compared with the measured response for a known profile of test section.     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5–1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5-1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

既有长沙磁浮线路低置结构提速适应性研究

既有长沙中低速磁浮线路设计速度为100 km/h,根据湖南省战略性新兴产业与新型工业化规划要求,需要进行160 km/h提速磁浮交通技术攻关。基于既有线路结构,运用FLAC3D数值模拟分别对速度为100,120,140,160 km/h下的承轨梁、基床等结构动力特性进行分析。结果表明:梁体动应力、加速度、动位移以及基床动应力均满足列车运行要求,提速后,既有长沙中低速磁浮低置结构仍安全可靠。     

Ride dynamic evaluations and design optimisation of a torsio-elastic off-road vehicle suspension

The ride dynamic characteristics of a novel torsio-elastic suspension for off-road vehicle applications are investigated through field measurements and simulations. A prototype suspension was realised and integrated within the rear axle of a forestry skidder for field evaluations. Field measurements were performed on forestry terrains at a constant forward speed of 5 km/h under the loaded and unloaded conditions, and the ride responses were acquired in terms of accelerations along the vertical, lateral, roll, longitudinal and pitch axes. The measurements were also performed on a conventional skidder to investigate the relative ride performance potentials of the proposed suspension. The results revealed that the proposed suspension could yield significant reductions in magnitudes of transmitted vibration to the operator seat. Compared with the unsuspended vehicle, the prototype suspended vehicle resulted in nearly 35%, 43% and 57% reductions in the frequency-weighted rms accelerations along the x-, y- and z-axis, respectively. A 13-degree-of-freedom ride dynamic model of the vehicle with rear-axle torsio-elastic suspension was subsequently derived and validated in order to study the sensitivity of the ride responses to suspension parameters. Optimal suspension parameters were identified using the Pareto technique based on the genetic algorithm to obtain minimal un-weighted and frequency-weighted rms acceleration responses. The optimal solutions resulted in further reduction in the pitch acceleration in the order of 20%, while the reductions in roll and vertical accelerations ranged from 3.5 to 6%.