有限水深二维辐射问题的二阶速度势和水动力

本文将简单 Green 函数法推广到有限水深二维辐射问题的二阶速度势和水动力计算。在求得一阶势以后,可以写出二阶势在外部域中的解析形式,从而准确给出二阶势的辐射面条件。二阶势在内部域其它周界上的边界条件则由一阶势的数值微分求得。象求解一阶势一样,仍用简单函数 lnr 作为 Green 函数,对内部域利用 Green 公式求解二阶势。本文给出半圆在深水和浅水两种不同水域表面振荡时的二阶势和二阶力计算结果。     

用源分布方法求解浅水中二维任意剖面在自由表面上垂荡的附加质量和阻尼系数

用源分布方法求解了二维任意剖面在浅水中垂向振荡问题，计算了系列60方型系数0.7船型剖面在不同水深吃水比情况下的垂荡水动力系数，讨论了水深对水动力系数的影响，并与Frank无限水深的结果作了比较。研究结果表明，水深对二维船型剖面水动力系数具有较大的影响。这种影响在水深吃水比小于5.0时已相当明显，当水深吃水比小于2.0时将变得显著。另外，水深对水动力系数的影响与振荡频率有关，并且在低频处更为明显。     

用源分布方法求解浅水中二维任意剖面在自由表面上垂荡的附加质量和阻尼系

用源分布方法求解了二维任意剖碳浅水中垂向振荡问题，计算了系列６０方型系数０．７船型剖面在不同水深吃水比情况下的垂荡水动力系数，讨论了水深对水动力系数的影响，并与Ｆｒａｎｋ无限水深的结果作了比较。结果表明，水深对二维船同水动力系数具有较大的影响。这种影响在水深吃水比小于５．０时已相当明显，当水深吃水比小于２．０时交是显著。另外，水深对水动力系数的影响与振荡频率有关，并且在低频处更为明显。     

多域Rankine-Kelvin源法计算浮体水动力方法研究

文章采用无限长无网格圆柱面作为控制面将流体域分为内域与外域,内域使用简单Green函数(Rankine源),外域使用满足自由表面Green函数(Kelvin源),圆柱控制面上的速度势与速度势法向导数采用Laguerre-Fourier级数进行展开。将两种水动力方法的结合既可以保持两种方法的优点又可以减少自由面上网格划分面积且内域只需要计算一次。无限长圆柱绕射势存在解析解,利用该解析解对Laguerre-Fourier级数展开速度势的精度进行验证。采用半球作为浮体,将附加质量与阻尼系数的数值解和解析值进行对比,验证该算法的精度。     

水下运动物体在相互接近过程中的水动力计算

用面元法计算了两个水下物体在相互接近过程中对水动力的影响，给出了水动力系统系数随物体间距离的变化曲线。该计算程序经对圆球的计算值与试验值比较了得到了验证。本研究对水下双潜器的近距离协同作业和潜器在接近障碍物过程中的运动控制能够提供较好的数学模型。     

数值波浪水池中船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术

以CFD理论为基础,建立了数值波浪水池,给出了一种基于三维数值波浪水池的船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术。对Wigley-III船模在数值波浪水池中受迫振荡进行了数值模拟,计算分析了船体垂荡、纵摇及纵荡运动的附加质量与阻尼,并与三维势流理论计算结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好。此方法能准确给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,细致描述船舶周围的流场,可广泛应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

船舶航行时水动力系数求解二维半理论的稳定算法

给出一种基于高速细长体理论的预报排水型船在波浪上运动水动力求解的数值方法.在该理论的定解条件中,自由面条件是三维的,而控制方程和物面条件则是二维的,所以称为二维半理论.采用二维时域自由面Green函数将定解问题转化为船体切片上的积分方程,进而求解有航速下的船舶水动力问题.重点讨论了水动力计算的稳定算法.对ITTC建议的标准WIGLEY船型作了理论预报,并与DELFT大学的实验结果和用STF切片法的理论预报结果作了比较.比较结果表明,本文提出的二维半理论的预报结果与试验结果相当接近,而计算效率和切片法相当,且大大改善了理论预报的精度.     

复杂形状船体剖面水动力系数计算方法研究

基于势流理论的源汇分布法适合计算双体船,小水线面船等特殊形状的剖面,对常规船型的计算精度满足工程精度要求,但对粘性效应较明显的非常规船型计算精度较差。文章借助计及粘性效应的CFD软件Fluent,模拟物体在水池中作受迫振荡,采用RANS方法计算复杂形状船体剖面的简谐振荡力,对该力的拟合分解可以得到水动力系数。通过对首部形状较复杂的船型纵向运动预报结果比较表明采用RANS方法计算剖面水动力系数由于考虑了粘性效应,对阻尼系数计算更符合实际物理特征。因此对粘性影响较大的复杂船型文中提出的方法优于常规势流算法。     

基于多重透射改进的二维半理论及水动力系数预报

水动力系数是船舶耐波性能预报、操纵性能预报,滑行艇在静水中的运动稳定性及海豚运动预报的重要参数.探讨高效、稳定的水动力系数预报方法对准确预报上述问题具有重要的意义.该研究将地震波领域的多重透射公式应用于简单格林函数二维半理论,探讨了远方边界条件,用四阶龙阁库塔法处理自由面条件,进行详细的多重透射阶数、横剖面数、附加因子、自由面网格数量以及计算域的大小对计算结果的影响的探讨,并以Wigley船型为例计算了静水航行并做强迫振荡时的水动力系数.数值计算结果与切片方法、二维半理论复杂格林函数方法、三维频域方法及和试验结果进行了比较,比较表明多重透射公式能够有效地模拟二维半远方辐射条件,提高计算效率和稳定性,对二维半理论简单格林函数方法是一种有效的改进.     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

The effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite circular cylinder with low aspect ratio

Vortex-induced motion is an oscillatory phenomenon which occurs to a floating body with low aspect ratio. The basic phenomenological study about the effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite fixed circular cylinder was investigated in this study using particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic force measurement. It was found from the former experiment that the wake of the cylinder is influenced by the both end cell and free surface. Blowup and back flow are generated from the end cell, and their effects are suspended by free surface. The result of hydrodynamic force measurement showed the effect of Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio of the floating body on the hydrodynamic force. Fluctuating components of hydrodynamic coefficients decrease for increasing Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the mean drag coefficient increases as Froude number increases and decreases as the aspect ratio increases. The interpretation to these results was discussed in comparison with flow structures observed in the experiment. In addition, it was found that the effect of Reynolds number on the mean drag coefficient changes at different aspect ratios. A possible interpretation to this phenomenon was proposed.     

Higher-order boundary element method for the interaction of a floating body with both waves and slow current

A hybrid boundary element method is suggested to solve the problem of the interaction of floating structures with both waves and slow current. A pulsating source and its mirror image referring to the sea bottom are adopted as the Green's function. The velocity potentials are expanded into an eigenfunction expansion in the outer region of the fluid domain while higher order elements are used to discretize the boundary surface surrounding the inner region. The method is validated by comparing calculated results for a circular cylinder with the semi-analytical solutions. The method is then applied to ellipsoids of various breadth and draft to investigate the influence of body shape on the wave drift damping.     

近自由面三维水翼的水动力时域分析

基于格林定理,将Bankine源和偶极子置于边界面上,用时间步进法计算了近自由面条件下的三维水翼的势流场.其中在自由面采用线性自由面边界条件,在尾涡面上采用偶极子布置以满足Kutta条件.影响系数中的奇异积分及非奇异积分都采用一种精确积分的方法计算.文中确定了计算模型和参数,给出了不同航速、展长及浸深下的数值计算结果,并与相关文献结果进行了对比,证实了该方法是一种可靠、有效的时域算法.     

全非线性方法对于沉浸双圆柱定常前行运动引起自由表面流的研究（英文）

The free surface flow generated by twin-cylinders in forced motion submerged beneath the free surface is studied based on the boundary element method. Two relative locations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are examined for the twin cylinders. In both cases, the twin cylinders are starting from rest and ultimately moving with the same constant speed through an accelerating process. Assuming that the fluid is inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational, the integral Laplace equation can be discretized based on the boundary element method. Fully-nonlinear boundary conditions are satisfied on the unknown free surface and the moving body surface. The free surface is traced by a Lagrangian technique. Regriding and remeshing are applied, which is crucial to quality of the numerical results. Single circular cylinder and elliptical cylinder are calculated by linear method and fully nonlinear method for accuracy checking and then fully nonlinear method is conducted on the twin cylinder cases, respectively. The generated wave elevation and the resultant force are analysed to discuss the influence of the gap between the two cylinders as well as the water depth. It is found that no matter the kind of distribution, when the moving cylinders are close to each other, they suffer hydrodynamic force with large absolute value in the direction of motion. The trend of force varying with the increase of gap can be clearly seen from numerical analysis. The vertically distributed twin cylinders seem to attract with each other while the horizontally distributed twin cylinders are opposite when they are close to each other.     

复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数计算

网格划分是水动力计算的关键环节,文中针对复杂形状海洋浮体提出了一种湿表面网格划分方法.对于有复杂首尾结构的浮体,用型线重构的方式在首尾生成曲面构成所需要的截面线,将通用建模工具和NURBS曲线拟合相结合,生成相贯结构的相交线;然后,用分片法生成浮体湿表面及内自由面网格,并独立表达各自的速度势以处理不规则频率现象,进而进行水动力系数计算.计算结果表明,上述处理方式很适合复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数的计算.     

冰盖海洋中多孔海底结构上微小起伏边缘产生的波浪散射分析(英文)

Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, where the free surface has an ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, is investigated within the framework of linearized water wave theory. The effect of surface tension at the surface below the ice-cover is neglected. There exists only one wave number propagating at just below the ice-cover. A perturbation analysis is employed to solve the boundary value problem governed by Laplace's equation by a method based on Green's integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green's function and thereby evaluating the reflection and transmission coefficients approximately up to first order. A patch of sinusoidal ripples is considered as an example and the related coefficients are determined.     

水波与双圆型透水板的相互作用（英文）

In this paper we have investigated the reflection and the transmission of a system of two symmetric circular-arc-shaped thin porous plates submerged in deep water within the context of linear theory. The hypersingular integral equation technique has been used to analyze the problem mathematically. The integral equations are formulated by applying Green's integral theorem to the fundamental potential function and the scattered potential function into a suitable fluid region, and then using the boundary condition on the porous plate surface. These are solved approximately using an expansion-cum-collocation method where the behaviour of the potential functions at the tips of the plates have been used. This method ultimately produces a very good numerical approximation for the reflection and the transmission coefficients and hydrodynamic force components. The numerical results are depicted graphically against the wave number for a variety of layouts of the arc. Some results are compared with known results for similar configurations of dual rigid plate systems available in the literature with good agreement.     

不同浸没深度下水平圆柱体的水动力特性试验研究

顺应式的漂浮柔性圆柱型结构物,如深海养殖结构物的浮圈结构、波浪能发电装置的浮体部分等,大多是部分浸没的。目前,学术界和工程界对部分浸没圆柱的水动力特性了解甚少,也使这些新型结构物在设计和分析时面临着一系列的困难。文章利用在拖曳水池中对水平圆柱进行强迫振荡的试验方法,研究了不同浸没深度的水平圆柱体在流、波浪以及波-流耦合作用下的水动力特性,获得了拖曳力系数和附加水质量系数在不同浸没深度下与Reynolds数、KC数和Vr的关系。通过研究发现:(1)在纯流作用下,由于自由液面的存在,超过半浸没的圆柱体的拖曳力系数在超临界范围内将大于全浸没圆柱;(2)在波浪作用下的半浸没圆柱的水动力系数完全不能等同于全浸没圆柱的一半来进行考虑;(3)流的存在对水动力系数的影响比较显著,会导致惯性力系数的增大。     

具有自由液面效应的圆柱绕流三维数值模拟

基于计算流体力学软件CFX、应用RNG k-ε湍流模型、结合流体体积法(VOF法)模拟均匀流场中半沉浸三维圆柱运动,分析自由液面对圆柱尾迹以及圆柱表面水动力特征参数的影响。结果表明:在自由液面流场中,雷诺数较高时,自由液面对流场流动的影响较小;而雷诺数一定时,自由液面对流场的影响随着傅汝德数的增加而增加;在自由液面作用下,圆柱的时均阻力系数和时均压力系数随流场的傅汝德数和雷诺数的增加而减小。