金属夹芯板替换传统板筋结构的研究

为实现金属夹芯结构甲板对传统板筋结构甲板的替代,采用有限元软件计算金属夹芯结构的失效模式,找到替代传统加筋板强力甲板的金属夹芯结构腹板面板设计要求准则,并在满足该准则要求的前提下以4种优化原则为筛选条件,通过枚举法对比整体欧拉应力,得到最佳的金属夹芯结构替代方案。当以传统加筋板结构为替换对象时,根据减重和降低高度等工程需求,对金属夹芯基本单元的设计提出3种原则,以欧拉应力最大为前提,原则1为不减高、不减重,原则2为减重、不减高度,原则3为减高、不减重。以板厚度为10 mm,球扁钢型号为10#的加筋板为研究对象,分别得到各设计原则下的最优替代方案。所作研究有助于找到由金属夹芯结构替代不同尺寸传统加筋板的最佳方案。     

加筋板的双重非线性分析

本文综合工程实际的需要,对船体加筋板结构进行了双重非线性有限元分析。采用Prandtl-Reuss流动理论,具体导出了加筋板在双重非线性状态下理想弹-塑性和强化材料的单元刚度矩阵;用增量切线刚度法-迭代法相结合的混合解法来提高求解精度;对单剛、等效节点力的计算,均采用Gauss积分法和进行分层精度判别来节约机时和内存。     

复合材料船体纵向极限承载能力分析

该文利用梁柱理论推导出复合材料梁柱的极限承载能力公式,讨论了加筋板的初始几何缺陷,载荷偏心,蒙皮屈曲后的有效蒙皮宽度对复合材料长帽形加筋板的极限承载能力的影响。利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体甲板或船底板结构视加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力,最后由Smith法来计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。     

克令吊基座的局部加强结构优化设计研究

采用结构有限元方法对某型克令吊底部加强结构的结构强度进行了不同方案的优化分析及计算,依据其结构特点,分八种不同的工况和8种不同的设计优化方案对结构强度进行了具体的分析和比较,为以后克令吊底部加强结构的优化设计分析工作提供了一定的参考。     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

满足油船共同结构规范的船底砰击加强分析

共同结构规范(CSR)对油船船底砰击的结构评估提出了明确而严格的要求,通过对规范条款的分析,归纳总结了CSR对船底砰击加强的具体要求,阐述了有效控制砰击、加强结构重量的手段。并以某Aframax型油船为例,从结构重量和施工工艺两方面,对抵御砰击压力的船底结构进行不同加强方案的比较分析。     

现役散货船板架结构稳定性研究

本文对现役散货船双层底结构的稳定性能进行研究,讨论了结构缺陷对稳定性的影响,提出带缺陷结构的稳定性计算方法,得出了计算双层底板架结构的非线性有限元方法,通过实例计算,证明了该方法的正确性与有效性.并讨论了装载情况对双层底结构稳定性的影响,将有限元方法的计算结果与工程中常用的正交异性板方法计算结果进行比较分析,得出了正交异性板方法的计算结果与实际结构承载能力的差距,并依此给出一修正系数,使正交异性板方法能更好地应用于实际工程.本文还对部分骨材开裂的双层底板架进行了非线性有限元分析,得出不同开裂情况下板架的临界载荷.最后文中还通过实船检测资料,对存在着腐蚀缺陷的双层底结构进行了缺陷分析,并与理想结构的临界载荷进行比较,得出了腐蚀状况对结构的稳定性的影响规律.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a tanker side panel laterally punched by a knife edge indenter

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale stiffened plate specimen quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter, in order to examine its energy absorbing mechanisms and fracture. The specimen, scaled from a tanker side panel, is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship side panels during collision accidents. Moreover, the results of this investigation should have relevance to evaluate grounding scenarios in which the bottom sustains local penetration. This is possible since the structural arrangement of the double hull and the double bottom of tanker vessels is very similar. The experimentally obtained force–displacement response and shape of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The numerical analysis includes aspects of particular relevance to the behaviour of ship structures subjected to accidental loads which could give rise to difficulties in interpreting finite element calculations. In particular, the paper comments on the material nonlinearities, the importance of specifying the precise boundary conditions and the joining details of the structure. The considerable practical importance of these aspects has been the focus of attention in previous publications of the authors which evaluate the experimental-numerical impact response of simple ship structural components, such as beams and plates. Therefore, this paper uses the definitions proposed in those references to evaluate its applicability in the scaled tanker side panel, as an example of a more complex ship structure.     

潜艇全船耐压结构有限元应力分析

本文对潜艇全船耐压结构进行了有限元应力分析，在此基础上，又进行了各局部结构的二级甚至三级离散有限元应力分析，比较了一般环肋圆柱壳、环肋圆锥壳、环肋锥－柱结合壳、横舱壁区域结构，耐压液舱区域结构典型点应力与现有解析算法结果的差异程度，得出了一些有工程实用意义的结论。     

砰击载荷下轻质波纹夹芯夹层板动力响应特性分析

文章对轻质波纹夹芯夹层板(Light Weight Corrugated-Core Sandwich Plates,LWCCSP)在不同入水速度下(1-6 m/s)的流-固耦合非线性动力学行为进行了分析。建立了气—液—固三相数值模型,通过显式动力求解获得了轻质波纹夹芯夹层板砰击压力的分布特点及结构变形规律,并与同等质量的加筋板在流固砰击下的非线性力学行为进行了对比,并研究了轻质波纹夹芯夹层板主要设计参数对其砰击响应的影响。研究结果表明,轻质波纹夹芯夹层板较同等质量的加筋板表现出更好的抗砰击性能;下面板厚度、芯层厚度的增加在一定范围内可以有效提高轻质波纹夹芯夹层板的抗砰击性能。     

四边形蜂窝夹层板的优化设计分析

夹层板结构是近代发展起来的一种比较先进的结构形式,具有比强度高、比刚度大等特点。以某舰船中部双层船底一个纵桁和肋板间距的船底板架单元为基础,在保证夹层板总质量、主尺寸与原板架相同的前提下,建立一系列夹层质量不同的四边形蜂窝夹层板模型。利用仿真算法,从结构损伤、能量吸收的角度分析其抗爆与抗冲击性能。对四边形蜂窝夹层板进行优化分析,得到一种优化模型。     

基于连续小波变换的加筋板结构焊接裂纹检测(英文)

研究了如何使用连续小波变换工具来对加筋板结构的焊接裂纹进行检测.首先分析了裂纹对于板在焊缝位置的振动模态造成的影响,用有限元法求得含有不同长度焊接裂纹的加筋板结构的振动模态.然后对焊缝处板的振动模态信号进行连续小波变换,根据小波系数的极值判断裂纹位置和裂纹长度.研究结果表明,当裂纹很短时,其位置也可以很容易地被确定;而且当裂纹扩展到一定程度时,其长度也可以被检测出来.     

Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression

This paper presents extensive non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and formulation development work carried out on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened panels of ship structures. A review of contemporary designs for large ships was carried out. The existing formulae for plate ultimate compressive strength were reviewed and compared with non-linear FE analysis results. A semi-analytical formula for ultimate compressive strength assessments of stiffened panels was proposed and is described. The developed formula was verified against results using ABAQUS non-linear FE software for a series of 61 stiffened panels and a good agreement between the proposed formula and FE results were achieved. The method was verified against a large number of published FE results and was also compared with 58 experimental results. The developed method was also applied to the deck and bottom structures for a range of various sizes oil tankers and bulk carriers.     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

Investigation on structural performance predictions of double-bottom tankers during shoal grounding accidents

An investigation is carried out in this paper for the predictions of structural performance of double-bottom tankers during ship grounding over the “shoal” type seabed obstacles. Hong and Amdahl developed a simplified analytical model for the unstiffened double bottom. This method is carefully studied, verified and then used as the first stage of our prediction. The second stage is concerned with stiffeners since stiffeners are indispensable components for double-bottom tankers. A prevailing way to handle is to smear stiffeners onto their attached plating known as the smeared thickness method. However, the effective ratio in this method is dubious in such shoal grounding accidents. Proper values of this parameter are determined in stage two, and then together with the method in stage one, constitute a reliable and efficient tool for structural performance predictions of double-bottom structures in shoal grounding accidents.A double-bottom tanker is chosen as object for the case study. Finite element models of the hold both stiffened and unstiffened are created for numerical simulations using the LS_DYNA software. Simulation cases cover a wide range of slope angles of the indenter and indentations. Numerical results show that Hong and Amdahl's model in stage one is capable of predicting energy dissipation with high precision but poor accuracy for grounding resistances, and a possible reason may be the neglect of vertical resistance. The updated smeared method proposed in stage two is also proved to be capable of grasping major characteristics of stiffeners. Results and conclusions drawn from this paper can be conveniently applied for assessments of the performance of ship double-bottom structures during shoal sliding grounding scenarios, and will benefit the application of accidental limit state design concept in the ship design stage.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

船体梁极限强度的近似计算

船体梁的总纵强度是反映船舶结构安全可靠的最基本的强度指标。船体结构极限强度评估对于船舶结构初步设计、使用、维护和维修都非常重要，因此船体梁极限强度研究成为近几十年来船舶工程界的热点研究课题之一。到目前为止有两种典型的加筋板和船体梁的极限强度分析方法，它们是直接计算法和逐步破坏分析法。本文基于加筋板单元的平均应力应变曲线和逐步破坏分拆方法，提出了加筋板和船体梁极限强度的简化分析方法，考虑了初始挠度和残余应力对加筋板单元极限强度的影响。数值结果表明，采用本文简化方法得到的结果与有限元计算结果或其它逐步破坏分析结果比较符合。     

Dynamic response of stiffened plate under internal blast: Experimental and numerical investigation

Stiffened plates are the basic units of ships, aircraft and other structures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic response of stiffened plates under internal blast loading. A combined experimental and numerical investigation was carried out on the cabin structures with unstiffened, single-stiffened and double-stiffened plates. The characteristics of internal blast wave, the effects of stand-off distance and the stiffener position on the deflection and failure modes of stiffened plates were sequentially analyzed. It was interestingly found that the deflection first decreased and then increased with the increase of stand-off distance. Additionally, despite of the reinforcement on the deformation resistance, the stiffeners tended to reduce the damage tolerance of the target plates. This research provides the basic data and theoretical support for the blast resistance design of ships, aircraft and other structures.     

Comparisons of calculations with experiments on the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens of wide stiffened panel with four stiffeners under axial compression until collapse are studied with a nonlinear finite element analysis and Common Structural Rules to compare with the experimental results. The stiffened panel models have two longitudinal bays to produce reasonable boundary condition at the end of edges. Tension tests have been conducted to obtain the material properties of the steel that are used in the finite element analysis. Three boundary condition configurations are adopted to investigate their influence on the collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels. A displacement transducer was used to measure the initial geometrical imperfections of the stiffened plates. The collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels is analysed in finite element analysis with the measured initial imperfections and with nominal imperfections. An equivalent initial imperfection is validated for the ultimate strength of stiffened panel under compressive load until collapse for the panels under consideration. With the same imperfection amplitude, the shape of the column-type initial deflection of stiffeners affects significantly the collapse shape, but only slightly the ultimate strength and the mode of collapse of the stiffened panels. The 1/2 + 1 + 1/2 bays model with restrained boundary condition BC3 gives an adequate FE modelling and is possible to be fabricated in experiment.     

水下非接触爆炸载荷下双层底结构单元抗冲击性能研究

舰船结构水下非接触爆炸的动态响应研究是舰船生命力评估的基础。基于普通双底结构,设计了3种新式的X型、Y型双底单元和Ⅰ型双层底结构单元,分析了4种结构在200 kg TNT炸药不同爆距冲击波载荷作用下的损伤变形特征,运动响应以及结构的吸能特性。结果表明,X型、Y型单元吸收较少能量,尤其内底板吸收能量少,应变、冲击速度和加速度响应值也小,内底板更安全。Ⅰ型单元外底板的变形和应变小,其安全半径约为15 m,其余3种单元安全半径都约为20 m。4种结构临界半径都小于10 m。