波流共同作用下泥沙扩散系数沿垂线分布的探讨

为了计算波流共同作用下含沙量沿垂线的分布,建立了沿垂线分布的泥沙扩散系数模型。通过悬沙模型反求泥沙扩散系数的方法来拟合系数。实测资料表明该模型可以比较准确地直接计算泥沙扩散系数沿垂线的分布。     

基于计算流体动力学的流量系数研究

为了研究某液压装置中节流阀的流量系数与孔口雷诺数之间的关系,该文利用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT,构造结构化网格,采用层流模型或标准湍动能-湍动能耗散率(k-ε)模型,对节流阀内部层流或紊流流动进行数值模拟.经过对不同孔口雷诺数工况的数值模拟计算发现:节流阀流量系数与孔口雷诺数关系比较符合文献[7]中提出的短孔流量系数的计算公式,表明了文中提出的基于计算流体动力学的数值模拟是可行的.     

混凝土成熟度和氯离子扩散系数的相关性及在某工程中的应用

采用化学结合水法、氯离子快速测定法（RCM法）和混凝土成熟度测定法研究了56 d龄期内混凝土氯离子扩散系数和混凝土成熟度的关系。结果表明：混凝土氯离子扩散系数不仅随养护龄期的延长而降低,还随养护温度的升高而降低,延长养护龄期或提高养护温度均可提高胶凝材料的水化程度;室内养护混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数与混凝土成熟度值之间呈幂函数关系,二者具有很好的相关性（R2=0.976）,利用室外养护混凝土试件的数据进行验证计算,其理论计算值与实测值具有较好的吻合性,可根据混凝土成熟度实测值预测出混凝土的氯离子扩散系数;在本工程中,沉管隧道接触海水时混凝土成熟度的推荐值为21064℃·h,控制边界值为13926℃·h,考虑外部养护温度和水化热对混凝土成熟度产生影响时,可对混凝土接触海水的龄期通过后计算进行适当的调整。     

基于海洋暴露试验的氯离子扩散系数时空模型研究

在我国腐蚀条件最为恶劣的海南八所港,对3种配合比的混凝土试件进行实海暴露试验,通过测定浪溅区条件下氯离子在混凝土中侵入量,研究氯离子有效扩散系数随时间和深度的演变,为准确预测混凝土结构的使用寿命提供参考。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

Research on the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water

China’s coastal waters are turbid and the properties of the seabed are complex. This negatively impacts the performance of underwater detection equipment. The properties of sound absorption in turbid water are not well understood. In this paper, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water was measured by the reverberation technique. All work was done in a reverberation barrel made of seamless aluminum. First, pure water was poured into the reverberation barrel and its reverberation time measured. Next, various concentrations of turbid water were poured into the barrel and their reverberation time measured. After all data had been gathered, the coefficient of sound absorption in turbid water of different concentrations was calculated. From this we determined a law of sound absorption in turbid water as summarized in the paper.     

Evidence of double diffusion in the East China Sea

Double diffusion is an important phenomenon induced by the difference between the thermal conducting coefficient of the molecule and haline diffusive coefficient. Warm, salty water overlying cold, fresh water induces salt finger. On the contrary, when cold, fresh water overlies warm, salty water, diffusive convection occurs. In the East China Sea, double diffusion was observed during a cruise in September 2003. In order to describe the phenomenon precisely, Turner (TU) angle values are calculated station by station at Section YT. TU angle is a practical tool to indicate the water states. Different TU angle values represent salt finger, diffusive convection and stable stratification respectively. We map the distributions of the two forms of double diffusion at Section YT, and determine that the physical mechanism of the phenomenon is the mixing of water masses. The Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) has great effect on the mixing of water masses, and the Kuroshio Water System dominates on the continental slope. Temperature and salinity varied in a manner consistent with double diffusion.     

漫滩水流动量修正系数特性分析与模拟

以明渠深度平均二维水流模型为基础,研究了漫滩水流的动量修正系数.结果表明,漫滩瞬时动量修正系数迅速增大,随后快速减小;滩槽宽度比越大,动量修正系数变化程度越大,而传统断面平均法的计算结果恒为1,与实际情况存在较大差异,不能用于水流漫滩的模拟.为了反映动量修正系数的实际变化规律,提出了水流漫滩时断面动量修正系数新的计算方...     

近地、水面时的飞行器动态稳定特性数值模拟

基于非结构动态网格重构技术,采用SA模型以及VOF方法,分别对NACA0012二维翼型自由空间、近地效应以及近水面效应的非定常运动流场进行了数值计算分析,并根据建立的基于小幅度强迫振动的组合动导数辨识方法计算了各个攻角下动导数。计算结果分析表明动导数计算方法准确可靠;中小攻角下,地面与水面以管道效应影响流场,均损失了动态阻尼,柔性的水面损失更多,动导数绝对值更小;大攻角时,两者表现为阻塞效应,柔性水面下的动态阻尼增大,动导数绝对值也变大;相比地面效应,柔性的水面影响范围更广。     

华南地区两个码头海工混凝土结构耐久性调查

本文通过对深圳地区某码头和汕头地区某码头的结构调查,开展混凝土结构的耐久性调查与检测,为掌握混凝土耐久性有关参数的取值与变化规律提供参考。     

Estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the complex-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle TUNA-SAND

Hydrodynamic coefficients strongly affect the dynamic performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Thus it is important to have the true values of the coefficients in order to simulate the AUV’s dynamic performance accurately. Although these coefficients can be predicted by many methods, most are only applicable for AUVs with streamlined shapes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of AUVs with complex shapes. In this study, CFD was applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the AUV TUNA-SAND (which stands for terrain-based underwater navigable AUV for seafloor and natural resources development), which has a complex block-like structure. First, the validity of the CFD simulation was verified by comparison with experimental results. Second, the relationships between hydrodynamic loads and motions for all six degrees of freedom were analyzed using the simulated results. Third, the importance of each hydrodynamic coefficient was investigated based on these relationships. There are 16 key damping coefficients that relate to viscosity and 12 key inertial coefficients that relate to the potential flow around TUNA-SAND. Finally, the values of all the key coefficients were obtained and verified by comparing the solutions of the simulated dynamics with the experimental results.     

船体结构腐蚀疲劳问题以及数值计算方法

船体或者内部高强脆性材料在腐蚀环境中的破坏问题已受广泛关注,其中涉及破坏机理的研究屡见报道,但相关的数值计算研究方法目前还屈指可数,文章在介绍各种破坏机理的基础上,从数值计算方法研究的角度阐述了最近几十年中的研究进展以及作者在该领域所取得的前沿性的成果,并指出了无网格有限元计算方法将在这个研究领域扮演重要角色.     

RSM-FORM 的改进与环肋圆柱壳结构的可靠性计算(英文)

文章在用有限元法对结构进行强度计算和分析的基础上,应用RSM确定了环肋圆柱壳结构强度失效的功能函数;在对相关可靠度理论进行研究的基础上,将RSM与FORM相结合,对FORM进行了改进,解决了当量正态化和参数独立化问题,保留了功能函数的二次项,使计算精度满足实际工程的需要;最后用RSM-FORM对环肋圆柱壳结构强度的可靠性进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,RSM-FORM具有较好的计算精度。     

面元法中偶极子影响系数计算分析*

分析了不同方法应用于偶极子影响系数的计算,并详细介绍了Gauss‐Bonnet定理在偶极子影响系数计算中的应用。探讨了这些计算方法的近似处理及由此造成的误差,进而以Gauss‐Bonnet定理为基础提出了计算偶极子影响系数的修改办法。将此种修改办法应用于面元法的计算中,以×××桨及×××桨为计算对象,分析修改前后的偶极子计算方法对计算结果精度的影响。从理论上探讨了面元法中,有关偶极子影响系数计算环节的误差及减小此部分误差的办法。     

顶浪中船舶水动力计算与运动模拟研究

基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法建立数值波浪水池,对顶浪中航行船舶的水动力与运动进行数值计算研究。推导出一种船舶在波浪中航行的数值模拟的波浪环境表达方法并进行模拟验证,计算不同航速下顶浪中Wigley-III船模所受的水动作用力,以及顶浪中航行的Wigley-III船模的运动。通过将计算结果与DUT(Delft University of Technology)相关的试验数据进行比较,吻合良好。研究表明:基于数值波浪水池的数值模拟较试验更容易实现和控制,能够获得船体周围详细的流场信息,在波浪中舰船水动力性能与运动的研究等方面具有广泛的适用性。     

Assessment of the volume of fluid method for free-surface wave flow

This study was concerned with the free-surface wave flow around a surface-piercing foil. The volume of fluid method implemented in a Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code was employed. Three widely used discretization schemes for the volume of fluid method were assessed for a test case that involved general ship waves, spilling breaking waves in front of the leading edge, and bubbly free surfaces in separated regions. A single computational approach was selected for the comparison, and a grid-dependence study was carried out. The computational results were validated against existing experimental data, showing good agreement. The validation results suggest that all three discretization schemes perform well, but the best and most efficient results were obtained using the high-resolution interface capturing scheme.     

飞轮、盘车机齿轮相关设计计算研究

以MAN专利柴油机8K98MC机型的飞轮、盘车机齿轮为例,根据《机械设计手册》中相关公式计算角度变位齿轮齿顶圆直径、齿根圆直径和中心距,分析了图纸中齿根圆、中心距等尺寸与计算结果不一致的原因,经研究推导出了具有较大侧隙齿轮传动的两齿轮中心距计算公式。     

Determination of attainable regions in ship maneuvers: an application of differential inclusions to the modeling of ship dynamics

A commonly used mathematical tool in vehicle dynamics simulation is the ordinary differential equation. However, in some situations, these equations may not be sufficient to solve problems. For robust flight, surface ship or submarine control design, safety assessment, missile and aircraft guidance, the influence of disturbances, and differential games of pursuit–evasion, more versatile tools are needed. The differential inclusion (DI) is a generalization of a differential equation that can be extremely useful. The solution of a DI is not just a model trajectory or a set of trajectories obtained by a randomization of the original problem. The solution is a reachable set, and it is a deterministic object. A differential inclusion solver and its application to vessel movement are described. Compared to previous publications on the DI solver, the new feature is an implementation of the fuzzy sets technique to improve the resulting images. It is pointed out that the reachable sets cannot be assessed properly while treating the uncertain variables as random. The application of the DI solver can give a proper view of the regions in the state space where all the possible model trajectories belong.     

Seasonal changes in the positional importance of components in the trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay

Community-level processes may shape food web structure. In this paper, a graph theoretical study of the weighted trophic flow network of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem shows how important are positions in the energy (carbon) transport system. The positional importance of components is compared to the quantity of energy flowing through them. We suggest that the congruence between important network positions and large flows refers to the larger role of trophic interactions in community control. A seasonal dynamical analysis of the network has led us to the conclusion that winter is the season when the importance of predation is the highest.     

基于数值模拟的船坞虹吸灌水廊道流量系数计算

港口与航道虹吸灌水廊道广泛应用在近年来新建的修造船坞中,流量系数是评价其性能的重要水力指标。结合某修船坞虹吸灌水廊道水力模型试验,建立了基于数值模拟的流量系数计算模型,求解单廊道和双廊道两种不同体型虹吸灌水廊道的流量系数。将计算得到的灌水流量值与模型试验值对比分析,验证了流量系数数值求解方法的可行性,它可为灌水廊道体型的优化和改进提供重要依据。