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钛合金因其优良的性能得到广泛应用,其材料的焊接特点及其结构在使用过程中的安全可靠性问题也越来越引起人们的关注,目前钛合金已成为载人深潜器耐压球壳的首选材料.本文首先对Ti80对接焊厚板残余应力进行了数值模拟以及X射线无损检测试验研究,在得到数值模拟结果后将其与试验测量值进行对比,结果吻合较好,即Ti80对接焊厚板表面横向残余拉应力呈现不对称双峰;焊缝中心线上的纵向残余拉应力较大;焊缝处沿板厚方向的内部横向残余应力和垂向残余应力在近上下表面处均为拉应力,且横向残余应力高于垂向残余应力,沿板厚方向均呈现拉应力-压应力-拉应力趋势.然后基于热弹塑性有限元分析方法,对Ti80耐压球壳赤道焊缝焊接残余应力进行数值模拟研究,得到赤道焊缝表面残余应力和内部残余应力分布规律.结果显示:Ti80耐压球壳内壳表面有较大的残余拉应力;纵向残余拉应力大于横向残余拉应力;球壳外表面有较大的横向残余压应力,而纵向残余应力为拉应力. 相似文献
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钛合金在室温、高应力条件下的存在明显蠕变现象,焊接钛合金板和壳体内含有较高的焊接残余应力.因此,在焊接残余应力的作用下,钛合金材料会发生蠕变,使结构内固有应变发生变化,从而导致残余应力重分布.本文忽略焊接工艺对材料蠕变特性的影响,采用数值计算方法对TC4钛合金薄板和薄壁球壳的焊接残余应力重分布现象进行了分析. 相似文献
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T型材角接焊的变形和残余应力分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
T型材焊接不仅常用于现代造船工程中,而且在近海平台和桥梁建造中也得到广泛应用.焊接过程中,高温移动热源及之后的快速冷却,使得在焊缝及其附近区域产生了残留的拉应力,由此产生焊接变形和残余应力.焊接变形和残余应力的存在,将影响钢结构的建造质量及疲劳强度.为预测焊接变形,基于ANSYS有限元软件应用于对T 型材焊接过程进行模拟,求解残余变形和残余应力分布情况,以及边界约束条件对它们的影响.通过分析可得出,焊缝上的各点在焊接过程中,加热时受压应力,冷却时受拉应力.在热影响区内,沿焊缝方向多为拉应力,垂直焊缝方向多为压应力,也符合纵向应力比横向应力大的特点. 相似文献
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基于热-弹塑性理论和有限元法,利用Simufactwelding软件建立30Cr Mo板再制造的热力耦合有限元模型,分析预热温度、再制造路径对熔池温度分布、热循环曲线、800℃~500℃冷却时间t8/5以及残余拉应力峰值、沿路径残余应力分布的影响。结果表明:随预热温度的升高,道间温度和t8/5均有大幅增加;与其他再制造方案相比,相同路径再制造、且预热250℃时,道间温度约245℃、t8/5>3.0s、且差异较小;再制造件的残余应力以X和Y方向为主导,Y方向最大;相同路径再制造、预热温度300℃对应的Y方向残余拉应力峰值最小,交叉路径再制造、预热温度200℃对应的Y方向残余拉应力峰值最小,与不预热相比,峰值分别降低了约8.0%和6.8%;预热300℃条件下,沿路径的残余应力极大值最小,且交叉路径的残余应力极大值略小于相同路径再制造。研究成果可为30Cr Mo钢零件再制造制预热温度、再制造路径的优选,微观组织和性能的调控提供参考。 相似文献
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The average stress–strain curve for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship hull structures is generated on the basis of the existing design formulae. The dual-term equation for ultimate strength of uniaxially compressed plates is employed to generate the average stress–strain curve for long plates. Two alternatives proposed by Faulkner and Frankland, respectively, are considered. An approximate method to take into account the effect of residual stresses is proposed. By investigating the variation of the stress distribution at different stages of compression, the average stress–strain relationship of the rectangular long plates with the effect of residual stresses is derived from equilibrium. The behaviors of the wide plates are also discussed. The assumption proposed by Valsgard for the idealized stress distribution of wide plates under uniaxial compression is adopted. The average stress–strain relationship for wide plates is derived from the existing design formulae. Two equations proposed by Hughes and recommended by API for critical stress of the central portion of the wide plate are considered. The effect of residual stresses is also taken into account for wide plates. 相似文献
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Residual stresses existing in a multi-pass butt joint with a thickness of 70 mm, using a flux-cored arc welding process, were measured by an inherent strain method (ISM). Since such a thick plate before welding contains a large amount of initial residual stresses (−300 to +100 MPa), the initial stresses were integrated with conventional ISM in order to determine the total residual stresses in a welded joint. Two methods named as initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM were suggested for the consideration of the initial stress distributions through the thickness of base plates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the integrated ISM with initial stresses or initial inherent strain and the conventional ISM without initial stresses. The residual stresses measured by any of the initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM agreed well with the neutron diffraction measurement. Thus, the proposed initial stress integrated ISM is a proper destructive measurement method in the case of thick weld joints. 相似文献
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This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis. 相似文献
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Ship structures may be subjected to repeated random patch loads at different locations. Under these circumstances, ship plates will have large accumulated permanent deformations, which will result in some serious negative effects on their work and safety performance. Therefore, the elasto-plastic response of ship structure under repeated patch loads at different locations are studied by using finite element method. The permanent deformations of plate in the whole loading and unloading process are investigated. In addition, the residual stress and plastic strain states of the panel and stiffeners are studied based on a typical wheel-on-deck interaction scenario. Moreover, according to Hughes's hypothesis, the equivalent method between repeated patch loads at different locations and full uniform pressure load is studied. Considered the influence of plate slenderness, the improved formula for equivalent load coefficient is proposed, showing a good correlation with experimental data and numerical results. The proposed equivalent method can be used for estimating the permanent deformations of ship structures under repeated patch loads at different locations in ship life. 相似文献
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液体的压强作用一直是船体外板、液舱舱壁等位置板厚设计的主要考虑因素之一,且可归结为局部板格在侧向载荷作用下不屈服的安全衡准问题。结合理论分析及非线性有限元数值计算,对于受侧向载荷作用的局部板格极限强度的影响,探讨了包括边界条件、大挠度问题及相应的薄膜效应等各种影响因素,论证了一种优化的受侧向载荷作用的船体板厚约束设计公式,该公式经济适用且安全。整个探讨过程为船体结构规范的进一步完善提出了建议。 相似文献
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耐压球壳通常采用焊接方式将两个半球壳连接成整球,在焊缝处产生的接近材料屈服强度的焊接残余应力对球壳的承载能力有多大的影响,是否需要做焊后消除残余应力处理,将直接影响球壳的安全性和生产成本。而现有对球壳极限强度计算,无论是理论计算还是数值计算,均只考虑了球壳初始缺陷中的几何缺陷对球壳极限强度的影响。该文将在现有的耐压壳极限强度设计公式基础上,采用数值计算的方法对耐压球壳的焊接过程进行数值模拟,得到焊后球壳的焊接残余应力分布,并在此基础上考虑残余应力对球壳极限强度的影响,结果表明,对于大潜深厚球壳,焊接残余应力对耐压球壳承载能力影响不显著,为大深度潜器耐压球罐是否需做焊后消除残余应力处理提供了一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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环肋圆柱壳是水下装备的主要承压部件,通常采用高强钢进行建造,对焊接残余应力等缺陷较敏感.为了得到不同肋骨布置方式下的焊接残余应力分布情况,首先采用试验和数值模拟的方法研究了高强钢焊接试板残余应力分布情况,验证了固有应变近似公式的适用性;然后,基于固有应变法针对内置、外置T型肋骨的圆柱壳的焊接残余应力进行数值分析,结果表明:两者壳板径向变形与实测资料较为一致,内置肋骨时,跨中壳板内凹,反之外凸;残余应力主要分布于焊缝部位,跨中壳板呈现压应力,内置肋骨的压应力要略大一些. 相似文献
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由于浮式生产储油卸油船(FPSO)等船舶结构在服役前常常经历过较大的静载荷,这个预载荷常常会使焊接接头处较高的残余应力产生释放,同时船舶结构还承受着不断变化的波浪载荷,所以在估算FPSO等船舶结构典型焊接接头的疲劳强度时,需考虑残余应力释放的影响.该文通过有限元方法分析了在任意变幅循环载荷下,疲劳热点处的残余应力释放的规律,归纳出残余应力释放的大小与初始残余应力和外载荷之间的关系公式.然后,利用此公式对改进的疲劳估算公式进行修正,并且利用修正后的公式估算不同预载荷下典型焊接接头的疲劳强度,结果与试验结果棚符合.利用修正的改进公式可以更合理地对典型焊接接头在任意变幅循环载荷下的疲劳强度进行设计,同时也合理地解释了疲劳试验中以往不能被理解的结果. 相似文献