水气双重介质共同作用下滑行艇纵向运动预报

为探究滑行艇水气双重介质共同作用下的运动响应情况,针对喷水推进滑行艇的高速运动原理,建立水气双重介质作用下滑行艇非线性的纵向运动数学模型。分析滑行艇在水气双重介质共同作用下滑行过程中的受力特性,确定艇体受到的重力、浮力、动升力和风压阻力等,改进受风面积和风压力臂的计算方法,提出实时计算滑行艇浸湿长度的计算公式。编写滑行艇纵向运动预报程序,并对不同工况下滑行艇运动的预报结果予以了分析。结果显示,当主机输出功率一定时,计入空气比不计入空气时的航速下降5.1%,升沉量下降0.006 m,纵摇角抬升0.2°,阻力增加1 893 N,动升力减小404 N;而计入风的阻力对滑行艇的运动影响较大,航速下降15.3%,纵摇角增加0.6°,升沉量下降0.021 m,动升力下降1 139 N,阻力增加5 472 N。     

高速滑行艇的纵向运动分析与仿真研究

针对喷水推进滑行艇的高速滑行原理,建立了其非线性的纵向运动数学模型。首先分析了滑行艇在高速滑行过程中的受力,详细地推导了艇体受到的重力、浮力和动升力,并根据喷水推进器的工作原理,推导了喷水推进力的表达式;然后建立了喷水推进滑行艇的非线性纵向运动数学模型;最后设计了基于该模型的滑行艇纵向运动预报软件,并进行了高速滑行的操纵性仿真试验,仿真结果与船模试验数据吻合较好,表明了该模型能够较准确的预报喷水推进滑行艇在静水中的纵向运动。     

基于水动力分析的高速滑行艇阻力估算

针对滑行艇高速航行的运动特性进行其动态阻力的估算研究。首先通过分析滑行艇在高速航行时艇体受到的各种水动力,建立其六自由度操纵性数学模型,并利用四阶龙格一库塔法解算滑行艇的运动姿态。然后计算滑行艇高速航行时的动态阻力,所得结果与船模试验数据吻合较好,并对各种滑行阶段的运动特性进行分析,结果表明基于水动力分析的阻力估算方法具有较强的工程实用性。     

基于灰色系统理论的滑行艇运动姿态预报(英文)

In order to minimize the harm caused by the instability of a planing craft, a motion prediction model is essential. This paper analyzed the feasibility of using an MGM(1,N) model in grey system theory to predict planing craft motion and carried out the numerical simulation experiment. According to the characteristics of planing craft motion, a recurrence formula was proposed of the parameter matrix of an MGM(1,N) model. Using this formula, data can be updated in real-time without increasing computational complexity significantly. The results of numerical simulation show that using an MGM(1,N) model to predict planing motion is feasible and useful for prediction. So the method proposed in this study can reflect the planing craft motion mechanism successfully, and has rational and effective functions of forecasting and analyzing trends.     

风载荷作用下滑行艇运动响应的数值预报

本文基于计算流体力学软件FLUENT,编制了耦合求解滑行艇纵向运动预报程序,开展了三维滑行艇模型在风载荷作用下运动响应的数值预报。重点分析了风载荷对滑行艇升沉、纵摇运动和升力、阻力的影响,定量给出了风载荷引起的阻力占总阻力的比重。     

The High-Speed Navy: Vessel Motion Influences on Human Performance

This paper presents the recent results from an ongoing analysis of the effects of high-speed naval operations on the performance, comfort, and safety of crew and passengers. A 127-m trimaran, the Benchijigua Express, which is similar in hull design to the General Dynamics Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) vessel, was investigated for motion-induced interruptions, motion sickness, and biodynamic feed-through to manual tasks. Data were obtained on two 2-hour transits per day for a total of 86 transits during February and March 2006. Survey questionnaires were obtained from nearly 2,000 passengers. The motion effects on manual dexterity were negligible, but motion sickness symptoms were reported by a majority of the passengers. The capability to manage the motion sickness issue for unadapted passengers may be important for the effective use of LCS to transport ground combatants and for Sea Basing concepts.     

单、双体滑行艇的区别及双体滑行艇的适用范围研究

本文根据国内外高性能单、双体滑行艇模型及实艇试验结果,归纳了单体与双体滑行艇的区别、特点及运动特性,列举了国内外双体滑行艇和优秀无断级快艇的比较结果及双体滑行艇船型的适用范围。     

Drift-wood collision load on bow structure of high-speed vessels

Impact load estimation of drift-wood hitting against the bow structure of high-speed vessels has been investigated. It may be difficult for the craft operator to detect in advance a drift-wood floating just below the ocean surface and to avoid the collision with it. It is particularly difficult for operators of the high-speed vessels in night cruising mode. The probability of the accident may be higher than that of the collision with rocks or other ships because of the difficulties of early detection of the floating object. Impact loads are estimated for drift-wood of different sizes and craft speed considering whipping motion and local crushing of the wood at the hitting region. A simplified formula for the load estimation is proposed based on the modal approach and the energy balance. Predicted impact loads can be applied to the initial design of the bow structure and collision bulkhead of the craft to secure the structural safety against a possible accident.     

单向复合材料高应变率下材料特性的研究(英文)

在船舶领域,复合材料及夹芯复合材料板梁结构已大量应用在舰船结构中,尤其游艇及复合材料高速艇上.在运行过程中,这些结构有时很可能会受到如砰击、碰撞等动态载荷或高速冲击载荷.然而到目前为止,大多数的结构设计所用到的材料特性仍基于低应变率情况下的准静态测试结果.该文研究了高速艇等结构中的纤维增强复合材料高应变率情况下的材料特性,通过引入一种粘弹性模型来模拟并分析研究对象.并在世界先进的INSTRON高应变率材料试验机上设计并完成了相关试验,验证了该枯弹性模型、确定了模型中的材料参数.该粘弹性模型然后被用来研究分析应变率对单向复合材料机械特性的影响.     

The applicability of hydrofoils as a ship control device

Centrifugal forces are commonly created when ships turn, which may cause a ship to capsize in a critical situation. A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the stability coefficients for ship, with the aim to prevent capsizing and to increase ship maneuverability in high-speed water craft. This model can be used to develop algorithms for control system improvement. The mathematical model presented in this paper optimized the use of multipurpose hydrofoils to reduce heeling and the trimming moment, maintaining an upright ship’s position and lessening the resistance via transverse force. Conventionally, the trimming and heeling of a ship are controlled using ballast water; however, under variable sea conditions it is sometimes difficult to control a ship’s motion using ballast water. In this case, a hydrofoil would be more stable and maneuverable than a ballast tank controlled vessel. A movable hydrofoil could theoretically be adapted from moveable aerofoil technology. This study proves the merit of further investigation into this possibility.     

作为船舶控制装置的水翼艇的适用性研究（英文）

Centrifugal forces are commonly created when ships turn, which may cause a ship to capsize in a critical situation. A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the stability coefficients for ship, with the aim to prevent capsizing and to increase ship maneuverability in high-speed water craft. This model can be used to develop algorithms for control system improvement. The mathematical model presented in this paper optimized the use of multipurpose hydrofoils to reduce heeling and the trimming moment, maintaining an upright ship's position and lessening the resistance via transverse force. Conventionally, the trimming and heeling of a ship are controlled using ballast water; however, under variable sea conditions it is sometimes difficult to control a ship's motion using ballast water. In this case, a hydrofoil would be more stable and maneuverable than a ballast tank controlled vessel. A movable hydrofoil could theoretically be adapted from moveable aerofoil technology. This study proves the merit of further investigation into this possibility.     

基于AR-EMD方法的扩展非平稳船舶运动极短期预报AR模型

准确的极短期预报技术能够提高对船舶摇荡运动敏感的海洋特种作业安全性和效率。自回归（auto-regressive,AR）预报模型由于其自适应性强、计算效率高而被广泛应用于船舶运动的极短期预报研究。但该模型基于平稳随机假设,因而在非平稳船舶运动的极短期预报中存在困难。针对非平稳船舶运动极短期预报,文章提出一种基于AR-EMD方法的扩展AR模型,称为EMD-AR预报模型。其中,AR-EMD方法是指在经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition,EMD）的过程中,采用AR预报的方法处理端点效应问题。 EMD-AR预报模型将非平稳信号分解成若干平稳的固有模态函数分量及余项,然后对各个分量分别用AR模型预报,得到最终的预报结果,以此克服非平稳性对AR预报模型的影响。研究基于船舶试验数据将EMD-AR模型与线性AR模型、非线性支持向量机回归（support vector regression,SVR）预报模型进行对比分析,结果表明,AR-EMD方法能够有效处理船舶运动非平稳性对AR预报模型的影响,提高该模型的预报精度,且EMD-AR模型预报性能较线性AR模型和非线性SVR模型更优。     

气泡高速艇波浪中阻力及纵向运动模型试验研究

在高速拖曳水池里,开展了气泡高速艇规则波中阻力及纵向运动模型试验,研究了气流量、艇型、艇底开槽等因素对气层减阻率及艇体纵向运动性能的影响。结果表明:艇底形式对波浪中的气层减阻率有重要影响。艇底设置断阶时,在短波中减阻率为5%,长波中的减阻率达20.5%;艇底开槽时,在试验波长范围内,减阻率可达30%左右;对本身具有良好喷溅抑制作用的艇型,艇底直接喷气减阻率为8%,且不受波长变化的影响。艇底气层对纵向运动性能影响较小,长波中还略有改善;艇底槽深主要影响不喷气时的阻力,对饱和喷气下的阻力影响甚微。     

深V型滑行艇纵向运动试验研究

深V型滑行艇模型纵向运动试验研究表明：规则波中,升沉响应的平均值与静水航行时的重心升高极为接近,纵摇响应的平均值与静水航行时的纵倾较为接近,证实了相同航速下滑行艇在波浪中航行的纵向运动是相对于静水浮态的升沉纵摇运动;随着航速的增加,升沉响应峰值、纵摇响应峰值、垂向运动加速度峰值都向长波方向移动;速度较高、波幅较大时,升沉、纵摇、垂向运动加速度是非线性的。     

分段式尾压浪板对高速船阻力性能的影响

基于CFD技术,以排水型高速船Model 5b为模型,寻求改善高速船阻力性能的尾压浪板新形式。首先尾压浪板新形式的确定在静水条件下进行,然后在波浪条件下验证该压浪板的阻力性能。基于CFD软件建立三维数值波浪水池,静水条件下采用切割体网格技术预报船模的阻力性能。波浪条件下数值水池入口采用直接造波方法,尾部采用人工阻尼消波方法,自由面采用VOF方法处理,采用重叠网格技术预报船模的阻力性能以及运动响应。确定一种比常规压浪板阻力性能优良的分段式压浪板,为船舶节能附体的研究提供参考。     

翼滑艇智能推进系统建模及仿真研究

基于MATLAB平台对翼滑艇可调桨模糊控制的仿真研究,建立了智能推进系统的数学模型及运动仿真模型,编制了仿真软件.在一定初始航速、初始转速、初始螺距及不同环境干扰值的条件下,对翼滑艇智能推进运动进行了系列仿真计算分析,得到的翼滑艇速度控制的稳定时间、超调量及抗干扰能力等参数表明翼滑艇达到较理想的推进运动控制效果.     

A simplified grounding damage prediction method and its application in modern damage stability requirements

This paper presents the analyses and results aimed at developing damage stability requirements which take into account the structural vulnerability to grounding damage, i.e. the kinetic energy available to generate damage and the structural resistance. The paper presents analysis of new damage statistics in order to determine impact scenarios, in particular in terms of impact speed, impact location, and width and height of damage. Furthermore a new empirical damage prediction formula is developed based on a combination of full-scale testing and extensive non-linear finite element analyses. This deterministic prediction method is validated against grounding experiments and then used in a probabilistic (Monte Carlo) simulation framework. First the simulation method is calibrated and validated against the real statistical damage data for conventional ships and then it is used to generate damage statistics for high-speed craft. It turns out that the grounding damage statistics for all ships can be characterized by a single parameter; the Grounding Damage Index, GDI, which includes the ship kinetic energy and its structural resistance to grounding damage. Simple, closed-form expressions are developed for the GDI and it is shown how the probability of exceeding a box-shaped damage is a simple function of the GDI and the size of the box. The paper therefore gives the background and the results for a new generation of damage stability rules where the structural crashworthiness is taken into account and where the passive safety level is explicitly expressed. It furthermore gives simplified prediction tools and data for actual ships, i.e. a toolbox that is readily available for risk analysis regarding grounding damage.     

浅水高速艇的快速性研究

本文提供了一种内河浅水型高速艇艇型.针对该型线又进行了不同水深的阻力模型拖曳试验,并根据试验结果讨论了高速艇的浅水效应.结果表明,该艇的水动力性能优于常规的高速艇艇型.配合本文提出的带有侧进水口及底进水口的双进水口喷水推进系统的概念设计,该高速艇可在深水中高速航行、在浅水中安全航行,有效最小水深可和该艇的静态吃水相当.     

波浪动力艇模型自航试验及数值仿真

为解决受控主动摆翼驱动装置复杂、机械效率较低的问题,研究依靠升沉运动产生的力矩来驱动俯仰运动的被动摆翼装置,并将其应用于波浪动力艇.在波浪作用下,将被动摆翼安装于艇体底部的一定位置处,产生的推力即可推艇前进.在模型试验中,通过改变波浪周期、波高和控制机构的设置,比较试验艇的自由航行速度.结果表明,试验艇的航速与波高呈正相关关系,且当波长与船长之比约为1.8时推进效果最佳.通过数值仿真,显示两种控制机构配置时的水翼工作过程,并估算在一定波浪参数下波浪动力艇可达到的航速,所估算的航速与试验结果吻合较好.