焊接变形原因、控制及矫正方法

为有效控制钢结构焊件的不均匀膨胀和收缩而造成的焊接变形,就焊接变形的主要影响因素进行分析,提出相应的控制及矫正措施.采用火焰矫正法对大型钢构件进行矫正,在材质为低碳钢情况下控制高、中、低温矫正的温度和介质.对不同变形的部位使用相应的施工方法.     

确定焊接反变形的数值模拟及规律分析

焊接接头附近局部的加热及冷却使被焊结构产生残余应力及角变形.目前在船厂精度控制中,通常采用构件焊接后对某些部位进行火工校正的方法来控制残余角变形.文章提供了另外一种有效控制结构残余角变形的方法:对结构焊前施加弹性的反向变形.利用热弹塑性有限元法来模拟结构的焊接过程,并对不同板厚、不同热源的结构分别进行数值模拟,最终确定焊接结构的弹性反变形规律:焊接前施加弹性反变形的结构在焊接后角变形趋于零.     

T型焊接结构的角变形控制

T型焊接在船舶结构中的应用是非常广泛的.T型接头附近局部的加热及冷却使被焊结构产生残余应力及角变形.目前在船厂精度控制中,通常采用构件焊接后对某些部位进行火工校正的方法来控制残余角变形.论文提供了另外一种有效控制结构残余角变形的方法:对结构焊前施加弹性的反向角变形.文中首先利用热弹塑性有限元来模拟未施加反变形的结构的焊接过程,以估算残余角变形;然后模拟施加了弹性反变形的结构的焊接过程,并计算此时结构的残余角变形,以最终确定构件所需要的弹性反向角变形值.施加了弹性反向角变形的构件在焊接后无需进行火工校正.     

船体梁结构低应力无变形焊接技术研究方法概述

低应力无变形焊接技术是一种降低焊接变形和残余应力的新技术,具有高效、灵活、效果明显等优点,有望能得到广泛应用.综述了近年来低应力无变形焊接技术的研究现状,并对国内外的研究成果进行了简要的介绍在此基础上,对基于低应力无变形焊接技术的焊接变形和残余应力控制研究的发展进行了展望,并以T型梁为例进行无变形焊接模拟研究.     

大型钢箱梁及其滑轮连接处同轴度控制的焊接制造工艺研究

如何控制大跨度支撑结构的全焊接大型钢箱梁制造的几何精度,主要取决于装配精度和焊接变形控制。文章主要介绍了钢箱梁及其滑轮连接处同轴度控制方法。由于该类结构尺寸较长、焊接变形大、不易实现焊后加工等特点,通过使用工装设备、合理安排焊接制作工艺、焊接变形控制等达到设计要求。为大型钢箱梁及类似结构的焊接制作提供借鉴。     

大型船舶结构焊接变形固有应变法预测研究

大型复杂船舶结构在焊接过程中产生的焊接变形会使结构强度降低,而通过精确预测和控制焊接变形可实现精度制造的目的.文中介绍了焊接变形预测固有应变法的应用现状,并利用固有应变理论对大型复杂LNG液舱结构的焊接变形进行预测.     

甲板大开口薄板高速艇建造变形控制

在分析船舶建造变形趋势的基础上,介绍某高速艇的变形控制措施,通过预设反变形量、合理加设临时马材、采取合理焊接方式达到控制变形的目的,保证建造质量,为类似船舶的制造提供借鉴.     

基于塑性反变形法的角焊缝焊接变形控制研究

焊接残余变形的存在会极大地影响焊接构件的质量和企业的生产效益,船厂现行的火工矫正消除焊接变形的方法费时费力。为实现焊接变形的有效控制,在热弹塑性有限元法预测焊接残余变形的基础上,采用正交试验设计寻求使变形量最小的工艺参数组合,并通过2种反变形施加方法进行预置塑性反变形下的T型接头焊接变形控制研究。结果显示:预置塑性反变形法能够补偿焊接变形量,构件的焊后平整度较好,可为生产工作提供参考。     

核电主蒸汽超级管道限制件焊接变形控制

核电主蒸汽超级管道限制件（P295GH、P280GH）由于焊接尺寸控制严格,国内首次制造,文中针对核电主蒸汽超级管道限制件的焊接变形进行研究,通过设计相应的防变形工装和制造模拟件实现了限制件焊接变形控制.     

基于固有变形的船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形的数值分析

在船用钢薄板的焊接过程中,不但会产生常见的焊接变形,也有可能产生焊接失稳变形。本文以焊缝的固有变形为依据,阐明船用钢薄板对接焊失稳变形产生的内在机理;同时,以固有变形为输入参数,通过弹性有限元分析的数值模拟,预测出可能产生的失稳变形模态和变形值;最终,通过四种不同的工艺方法(激光焊、瞬态热拉伸、随焊激冷和间断焊等),来减小固有变形的数值,并控制薄板对接焊接头可能产生的失稳变形。     

Prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion of a typical block in fabrication of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform

Out-of-plane welding distortions of block structures during fabrication of offshore structure will significantly influence its dimensional accuracy and production schedule. Taking a B514 block of a semi-submersible lifting and disassembly platform as research object, typical welded joints and their welding conditions were summarized based on actual welding procedure specification (WPS). Effective thermal elastic plastic (TEP) finite element (FE) analysis with parallel computation technology was carried out to examine thermal-mechanical response. Welding inherent deformations, which are considered as the elementary cause of welding distortion, were then evaluated. With welding inherent deformations as mechanical loading, elastic finite element (FE) analysis was then employed to predict dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, which has a good agreement with measurement data. In order to ensure the fabrication accuracy with less out-of-plane welding distortion, inverse deformation approach was applied to reduce the out-of-plane welding distortion, and influence of welding sequence on out-of-plane welding distortion was also examined. Both mitigation practices have obvious effect on dimensional accuracy of examined B514 block, while corresponding mechanical mechanisms were also clarified.     

EH36船用钢焊接角变形有限元分析

采用有限元分析方法,根据实际焊接工艺过程,对船舶常用低温高强钢EH36中厚板的二道焊缝焊接温度场及焊接角变形进行了分析.中厚板焊接常为二道的埋弧焊接,在有限元分析中采用生死单元技术进行处理.有限元分析结果显示焊接温度场关于热源中心对称,同一厚度截面方向的节点处的焊接变形相同,而在横向由于焊缝在厚度方向收缩的不均匀性,处于焊缝间隙大的截面的节点焊接变形要大于处于小间隙截面的节点.实验结果证明了有限元分析的准确性.     

角焊缝角变形产生机制的研究

以T形焊接接头为算例,用有限元数值计算方法研究了六个固有应变分量各自对角焊缝角变形的作用效应,发现导致角变形产生的主要因素是与焊缝平行的平面内垂直于焊缝方向的固有剪切应变分量;将该固有剪切应变分量以均匀和非均匀两种分布形式施加在焊缝区,发现只有非均匀分布的固有剪切应变使焊接接头产生角变形.由此可知:角焊缝角变形产生的主要原因是在焊缝及其附近区域不均匀分布的固有剪切应变分量,而不是板厚方向上非均匀分布的横向固有正应变分量.此结论指出了关于焊接角变形产生机制的传统思维的认识误区,对研究预测角焊缝角变形简化方法具有指导意义.     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

薄板焊接变形高精度预测方法的研究

采用固有应变方法预测焊接变形时,传统方法是把纵向收缩、横向收缩和角变形这三成分作为接头的固有变形来估算焊接变形。但是,由于薄板的刚度低,在纵向方向上的弯曲变形也较明显,采用传统方法会影响薄板焊接变形的预测精度。为提高精度,文章对传统的方法进行了改进,开发了包括考虑纵向弯曲在内的四成分固有变形数值计算方法来预测薄板焊接变形。数值模拟结果表明:运用该方法预测薄板的焊接变形时,比传统的方法有更高的精度,而且预测结果与热弹塑性有限元的模拟结果十分吻合。     

Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in flat-bar stiffened plates

Numerical simulation based on finite element modelling is used to study the influence of welding sequences on the distribution of residual stress and distortion generated when welding a flat-bar stiffener to a steel plate. The simulation consists of sequentially coupled thermal and structural analyses using an element birth and death technique to model the addition of weld metal to the workpiece. The temperature field during welding and the welding-induced residual stress and distortion fields are predicted and results are compared with experimental measurements and analytical predictions. The effect of four welding sequences on the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in both the plate and the stiffener is investigated and their effects on the ultimate strength of the stiffened plate under uniaxial compression are discussed. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations regarding the welding sequence are presented.