Estimation and prediction of effective inflow velocity to propeller in waves

A free running test using a container ship model clarified properties of effective inflow velocity to propellers in waves. The analysis assumes that thrust and torque vary keeping their relation to the effective inflow velocity as represented by open-water characteristics of a propeller in a steady calm water condition. Measurement in regular waves confirmed the variation of average values of the effective wake coefficient and ship speed depending on wavelength and wave encounter angle. Comparison with the longitudinal flow velocity measured at the sides of the propeller using an onboard vane-wheel current meters confirmed that one can estimate the effective inflow velocity based on thrust or torque data. Theoretical estimates in regular waves based on a strip method are provided and compared with the experimental data. A prediction model of the future inflow velocity is proposed to cope with a time delay of a propeller pitch controller for higher propeller efficiency in waves.     

基于CFD的导管调距桨尺度效应研究

常规螺旋桨在进行水动力实验时,需要满足临界雷诺数的要求,这样,实桨的尺度效应就可以忽略。但是,对于非常规螺旋桨,如导管螺旋桨,尺度效应能否忽略值得研究,因为机翼型导管和螺旋桨水动力性能各自随几何尺寸变化的规律不一致。基于CFD计算方法,对某导管调距桨的尺度效应进行数值研究。在获得可靠的数值模拟方法后,数值模拟了两个螺距比和两个进速下不同尺寸导管螺旋浆的流场。比尺包括1、1.7、3.4、4.25、8.5和17共6个几何尺寸。计算结果表明,导管螺旋桨敞水性能的尺度效应比预期的要明显。随着尺寸增大即雷诺数增大,导管的推力先略有增加后基本不变,螺旋桨的扭矩和推力略有下降,但效率有所增加;小螺距比工况下的尺度效应要比大螺距比的大。     

升力分配系数对螺旋桨正倒车水动力性能影响的数值分析

[目的]基于数值模拟方法研究螺旋桨几何参数对其正倒车水动力性能的影响规律.[方法]以某33000 DWT成品油轮为应用对象,采用RANS方法并结合Realiazable k-ε湍流模型,对与其相匹配的1个图谱桨与3个理论桨在正车前进和倒车后退工况下的水动力性能进行数值仿真,讨论升力分配系数、螺距与拱度组合方式对螺旋桨正...     

复合材料螺旋桨弯扭耦合刚度特性分析

[目的]复合材料螺旋桨的弯扭耦合变形程度反映了桨叶的刚度特性,而桨叶刚度特性又与其水动力性能存在一定的相关性,将从刚度的角度对复合材料螺旋桨的纤维铺层进行优化设计.[方法]首先,以DTMB 4383复合材料螺旋桨为研究对象,基于复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合自迭代算法,构建桨叶弯扭刚度数值计算方法;然后,分别在桨叶铺设单向碳纤...     

大螺距对转导管螺旋桨的水动力分析

基于叶栅理论设计了1台单转子导管螺旋桨和2台不同螺距的对转导管螺旋桨,并采用商用CFD软件对流场进行了数值模拟。对转导管螺旋桨的上游转子螺距比分别为1.451和2.108,下游转子螺距比按消除尾流旋流的原则进行设计。结果表明：随着螺距比的增大,对转导管螺旋桨的推力系数与扭矩系数显著提高,效率略有提高,其最高效率点向右偏移。与单转子导管螺旋桨的对比发现,对转导管螺旋桨能够在更大的螺距比下保持较高的推进效率。     

船舶推进节能技术研究与进展

随着船舶燃油价格的上涨,船舶节能技术得到了广泛的关注,本文旨在介绍国内外船舶推进与节能方面的研究与进展。其中包括优秀船型的研究、开发附加流体水动力节能装置、新型高效推进器以及一些特殊船舶节能技术的研究。重点介绍了非对称尾船型、双尾鳍船型、可调距螺旋桨、对转螺旋桨、桨后自由旋转助推叶轮、舵附推力鳍以及一些特殊船舶推进节能装置的研究与应用等。     

基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果数值预报

针对节能装置节能效果的预报仍然依赖模型试验,数值预报方法对节能效果的预报存在较多困难的问题,提出了一种基于CFD技术的整流鳍节能效果的数值预报方法。首先,研究了整体求解船-桨-舵相互干扰的水动力性能数值计算方法,计算结果与试验值的比较显示,该数值计算方法具有较好的计算精度。然后,采用上述方法预报了船-桨-舵-整流鳍相互干扰的水动力性能,通过比较有整流鳍和无整流鳍两种情况下,螺旋桨吸收单位转矩所发出的推力,分析了整流鳍的节能效果,得到了节能效果较优的整流鳍,其综合节能效果可达2.78%,从而为船舶节能装置的节能效果预报提供了一种适用的理论研究方法。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

Prediction of the maneuverability of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders

The maneuvering characteristics of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were investigated using the horizontal planar motion mechanism (HPMM) test and computer simulation. A mathematical model for maneuvering motion with four degrees of freedom (DOF) for twin-propeller and twin-rudder systems was developed and included the effects of roll motion. To obtain the roll-coupling hydrodynamic coefficients of a container ship, a four-DOF HPMM system having a roll motion mechanism and a roll moment measurement system was used. At the full load condition, HPMM tests were carried out for two different 12 000-TEU container ship models, one with twin propellers and the other with a single propeller. Using the hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the tests, computer simulations were carried out. Simulation results for the container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were compared with the results for the container ship with a single propeller and single rudder.     

非均匀船舶尾流中工作的常规和大侧斜船用螺旋桨的水动力和水声计算预报（英文）

Despite their high manufacturing cost and structural deficiencies especially in tip regions, highly skewed propellers are preferred in the marine industry, where underwater noise is a significant design criterion. However, hydrodynamic performances should also be considered before a decision to use these propellers is made. This study investigates the trade-off between hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic performances by comparing conventional and highly skewed Seiun Maru marine propellers for a noncavitating case.Many papers in the literature focus solely on hydroacoustic calculations for the open-water case. However, propulsive characteristics are significantly different when propeller-hull interactions take place. Changes in propulsion performance also reflect on the hydroacoustic performances of the propeller. In this study, propeller-hull interactions were considered to calculate the noise spectra.Rather than solving the full case, which is computationally demanding, an indirect approach was adopted; axial velocities from the nominal ship wake were introduced as the inlet condition of the numerical approach. A hybrid method based on the acoustic analogy was used in coupling computational fluid dynamics techniques with acoustic propagation methods, implementing the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) equation. The hydrodynamic performances of both propellers were presented as a preliminary study.Propeller-hull interactions were included in calculations after observing good accordance between our results, experiments, and quasi-continuous method for the open-water case. With the use of the time-dependent flow field data of the propeller behind a nonuniform ship wake as an input, simulation results were used to solve the FW-H equation to extract acoustic pressure and sound pressure levels for several hydrophones located in the near field. Noise spectra results confirm that the highest values of the sound pressure levels are in the low-frequency range and the first harmonics calculated by the present method are in good accordance with the theoretical values. Results also show that a highly skewed propeller generates less noise even in noncavitating cases despite a small reduction in hydrodynamic efficiency.     

导管螺旋桨定常性能预估的基于速度势的面元法

开发了一个导管螺旋桨定常水动力性能预报的数值计算方法,其中,螺旋桨和导管均采用定常面元法,通过迭代计算考虑桨和导管的相互影响.该方法也可用于导管调距桨在不同转角时的定常性能预估.对JD7704和19a导管螺旋桨以及JD导管调距桨的计算结果表明,该方法计算精度是令人满意的.     

多桨船舶自航因子数值预报

以某四桨水面船舶为研究对象,基于RANS方法和滑移网格技术,建立船、附体和螺旋桨整体计算模型,并运用小范围改变螺旋桨转速的方法和前后桨分别计算的方法预报该船的自航因子。结果表明：四桨船舶内、外桨的自航因子并不相等,内后桨的实效伴流分数和推力减额分数均比外前桨的大;提出的方法计算结果可靠,能够体现四桨船舶自航因子的差异性,并且符合推力减额与伴流关系的一般规律,可为多桨船舶的自航试验提供依据。     

基于CFD分析的调距桨水动力性能研究

为了掌握工程设计中调距桨在各种工况下的性能,分析调距桨在调距过程中不同螺距角下桨叶的水动力性能,比较不同螺距角下桨叶产生的推力、转矩和转叶力矩,总结出桨叶推力、转矩和转叶力矩随螺距角变化的规律,计算结果与理论设计值结果基本一致,为工程中调距桨的设计提供参考依据。     

基于伴随方法的螺旋桨参数影响分析

为探究螺旋桨各参数对螺旋桨性能影响关系,从面元法基本方程和面元法边界条件出发,建立螺旋桨参数影响分析的伴随方法.通过分析等压库塔条件,建立了伴随方程,基于伴随方程探究了螺旋桨性能与参数之间的敏感导数求解公式.选择DTMB4381桨作为研究对象,开展螺旋桨推力系数与螺距分布和拱弧分布之间的敏感导数求解,得到不同参数对螺旋桨性能的影响规律.数值结果表明,伴随方法计算得到的敏感导数与传统方法计算结果具有很好的一致性,但伴随方法的计算时间更短,且随着变量个数的增多,伴随方法计算效率的优势越大.     

基于改进三弯矩法在某物探船可调桨推进轴系校中计算的应用

为使轴系校中计算模型更接近实船轴系运转工况,确保采用可调桨推进系统的船舶安全运行,在考虑螺旋桨水动力影响下,采用改进三弯矩法对轴系校中数值计算模型进行改进。并以某物探船为例,对其可调桨推进系统进行动态轴系校中计算。数值计算结果显示：考虑螺旋桨水动力等动态因素影响的动态轴系校中计算确保了采用调距桨推进轴系船舶在各种工况下的安全运转。     

船体伴流对直翼推进器水动力性能的影响

[目的]直翼推进器是一种特种推进器,其借助从船舶底部伸出并围绕垂直轴往复式摆动的桨叶产生精准且无级可调的推力,有必要研究敞水和伴流条件下直翼推进器的水动力性能.[方法]首先,通过分析直翼推进器的工作原理,推导出叶片的多重运动规律公式;然后,基于RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格技术计算直翼推进器的敞水性能;最后...     

基于流固耦合的螺旋桨性能分析及参数优化

为了研究某型螺旋桨水动力及强度特性.首先建立螺旋桨实体模型,再在CFX中设置计算条件,运用CFD有限元方法计算与分析不同进速下螺旋桨的推力系数、转矩系数、敞水效率以及桨叶压力分布等水动力参数特性及其变化趋势;然后通过Workbench平台应用流固耦合方法,将CFX求解得到的螺旋桨表面压力载荷加载到螺旋桨结构强度分析模型上,对螺旋桨的强度进行计算.最后通过改变纵倾角和螺距对螺旋桨结构进行优化,并将仿真结果与原桨比较,结果表明适当增大纵倾角能增大螺旋桨强度,适当降低螺距能提高螺旋桨敞水效率、提高抗空泡性能并增大螺旋桨强度.     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的一种简便方法

用基于速度势的低阶面元法建立预估导管螺旋桨定常性能的计算方法,即对导管和螺旋桨都采用面元法,在计算面元的影响系数时计入导管和螺旋桨的相互影响。将对JD简易导管桨的计算与实验结果进行比较表明,该方法可以有效地应用于导管桨的定常性能计算。     

基于喷水推进器的单手柄操纵系统推力分配策略

目前国内基于喷水推进器的单手柄操纵系统应用较少,通过人工控制2套推进装置的6个参数来实现船体的平移运动操纵复杂、难度大,由此,对基于喷水推进器的单手柄操纵系统推力分配策略进行研究。推力分配是单手柄操纵系统的关键技术之一,其任务是将手柄输出的合力指令分配给各推进器。根据喷水推进器的特性,提出级联广义逆结合组合偏置的控制策略。该推力分配策略基于能量最优、艏向优先的方法,能自适应地调整偏置量,并兼顾喷水推进器的操纵性。仿真结果表明,该策略能适应喷水推进器优异的操纵性。