增压直喷汽油机增压系统瞬态过程建模计算与优化

增压直喷汽油机由于使用叶轮旋转增压结构,瞬态工况下存在进气量响应滞后,瞬态性能较差的缺点.通过模拟计算分析了增压直喷汽油机的瞬态响应特性,并对瞬态过程中的废气旁通阀控制策略进行优化.提出了在突加速时先关闭废气旁通阀,当转速上升到一定程度后再打开废气旁通阀的控制策略,并对废气旁通阀的PID控制参数进行了优化.结果表明,优化控制策略能够将增压直喷发动机的瞬态响应时间减少50%,并可以使压气机保证10%的超速裕度,涡轮增压器能够正常运转.     

旁通阀控制策略对增压汽油机瞬态响应性能的影响

针对带旁通阀的废气涡轮增压汽油机,采用试验和仿真相结合的方法建立基于GT‐Power的汽油机稳态模型。运用BP神经网络法建立燃烧模型,得到增压汽油机瞬态模型。采用PID控制对原机旁通阀控制策略进行优化,通过优化后的旁通阀控制策略对汽油机瞬态响应质量参数———平均有效压力、瞬态响应时间和增压器瞬态转速进行分析。结果表明：优化后的旁通阀控制策略可以在汽油机的中高速范围内显著地缩短发动机的瞬态响应时间,同时保证汽油机增压压力与增压器转速都处于安全范围之内。     

发动机新技术剖析（五）

（3）增压压力调节装置 废气涡轮增压器（如图23所示）的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系。无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷。发动机管理系统通过废气旁通阀调节增压压力。废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由发动机管理系统通过电子气动压力转换器（EPDW）来控制。     

宝马N54发动机新技术剖析(五)

(3)增压压力调节装置 废气涡轮增压器(如图23所示)的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系.无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷.发动机管理系统通过废气旁通阀调节增压压力.废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由发动机管理系统通过电子气动压力转换器(EPDW)来控制.     

柴油机可调两级增压系统变海拔稳态调节特性研究

利用GT-Power软件建立某V型柴油机仿真模型,并进行了可调两级增压系统的匹配。模拟计算了不同海拔条件下发动机全工况运行时高压级涡轮旁通阀开度对燃油消耗率的影响。结果表明,高压级涡轮旁通阀开度是通过发动机指示效率与泵气损失间接影响燃油消耗率。同一工况下,发动机燃油消耗率按其主要影响因素的不同分为示效率主导区、泵气损失主导区以及两者综合影响区。且随着海拔的升高,影响发动机燃油消耗率的指示效率主导区域扩大,泵气损失主导区域减小。最后,以最佳燃油经济性为指标,得到变海拔全工况下涡轮旁通阀最佳阀门开度。     

凯迪拉克CT6新技术特性(三)

正LGW发动机采用的双涡轮增压系统特点如下:1.双涡轮增压器独立控制。2.中冷器集成设计,缩短进气管道长度,减少压力损失。3.钛铝合金制成的涡轮重量更轻,与普通涡轮相比减少51%的惯性损失,减少排气能量浪费。4.增压旁通阀、废气旁通阀均采用真空驱动。为了提高涡轮增压系统的冷却效率,LGW发动机采用了水冷式的中冷器,两个中冷器与进气歧管集     

二级可调增压器旁通阀与喷油参数调节规律的仿真分析

利用Wave仿真软件建立了某二级可调增压V型8缸电控单体泵柴油机的仿真分析模型,应用台架试验数据对模型进行了标定,以最佳燃油经济性为目标,计算了外特性条件下排气旁通阀开度与喷油提前角对柴油机性能的影响规律,得到两者的优化匹配规律。计算结果表明:旁通阀阀门开度及喷油参数直接影响二级可调高增压柴油机系统的燃烧和换气过程;高转速高负荷工况时需要打开排气旁通阀,并适当增加喷油提前角以降低过高的排气背压,减少泵气损失,且转速越高放气阀开度越大、喷油提前角越大;中低转速高负荷工况时,排气背压低于进气压力,泵气损失功小,不需要打开排气旁通阀,并且应适当减小喷油提前角。     

旁通阀开度对增压中冷CNG发动机性能影响的研究

采用定油量、定转速、定点火提前角、只改变旁通阀开度的试验方法,研究了不同混合气浓度下旁通阀开度对增压中冷CNG发动机性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着旁通阀开度的增加,排气压力在旁通阀小开度时明显降低,之后下降缓慢。当排气压力减小时,活塞推动气体排出燃烧室的负功减少,扭矩有所提升,燃气消耗率下降,经济性变好,燃气消耗率可降低5%左右。     

2010款宝马X6增压压力过低

车型:E71,配置N55发动机。行驶里程:26000km。故障现象:用户反映车辆行驶中急加速时发动机无力,故障灯点亮。故障诊断:N55发动机采用的是单涡轮双涡管增压器,控制原理图如图1所示。废气涡轮增压器的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系,无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷。发动机管理系统DME通过废气旁通阀(减压阀)调节增压压力。废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由DME通过电子气动压力转换器(EPDW)来控制。     

稀燃增压CNG发动机起动及怠速控制试验研究

根据稀燃增压点燃电控调压式CNG发动机的特点,设计了起动及怠速控制策略,对目标怠速、节气门开度、废气旁通阀开度、燃气供给压差、点火提前角、点火能量、空燃比等参数进行控制。在6缸直列单一CNG发动机上进行了起动及怠速调速试验。试验结果表明:通过优化起动燃气供给量、初始节气门开度、起动点火提前角等参数,可以实现CNG发动机快速、可靠起动;通过标定怠速节气门调速和点火提前角调速控制参数,实现了怠速工况稳定运行。     

进气节流对柴油机低负荷性能影响的试验研究

在柴油机上加装节流阀是提升小负荷工况排温、改善排放的途径之一,但会对柴油机的其他性能造成影响。本研究通过给柴油机加装节流阀,研究了进气节流对柴油机小负荷工况性能的影响。试验结果表明:进气节流对柴油机的排温和NOx排放提升明显;柴油机进气节流后缸内压力下降,缸内平均燃烧温度、机械效率升高,滞燃期延长,燃烧始点后移;中低转速小负荷工况,随着节流程度的增加,燃油消耗率和烟度增加;高转速小负荷工况,一定范围内通过进气节流可以实现燃油消耗率和烟度的降低。2 500r/min,29N·m工况,保持EGR阀全开,随着节流程度的增加,NOx和烟度出现同时下降趋势,当空气流量由191.4kg/h降至140.6kg/h时,燃油消耗率、NOx、烟度分别下降了7.9%,58.1%,27.3%,排温提升了42.5%。     

增压汽油机不同排气歧管长度下的压力波动特性

利用台架试验数据校准了增压直喷汽油机一维性能仿真模型,应用校准后的模型研究了低速(1 500r/min)全负荷工况不同排气歧管长度下排气阀口与涡轮机入口处的压力波动特性,并对压力波动形态与低速增压压力的建立、瞬态响应、缸内充气效率等的关联性进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:在现有排气歧管结构形式下,在低转速宜采用较短歧管,从而有望获得更高的增压压力和扭矩;相继工作的气缸不宜在涡轮机前共用一根排气总管,否则容易引起废气倒流,而且歧管越短倒流越严重;排气歧管中的压力波在传向涡轮机入口过程中被"均值化",不能充分应用排气压力波动效应来提高低速扭矩和改善增压延迟。     

Efficiency improvement for an unthrottled SI engine at part load

Variable valve timing (VVT) and cylinder deactivation (CDA) are promising methods in reducing fuel consumption and emission at part load in SI engines. An SI engine which uses electromagnetic valvetrain (EMV) will eliminate flow restriction from the throttle valve and produce higher indicated mean efficiency pressure (IMEP) due to the disabling of some of the working cylinders at part load. Therefore, pumping loss can be significantly reduced at part-load conditions. In addition, duration and timing of valve events are variably controlled at different operating conditions. This contributes to the improvement of engine efficiency. In this study, a dynamic model of an unthrottled SI engine has been developed to simulate the engine cycle. The model uses an EMV system that allows valvetrain control and cylinder deactivation techniques to be carried out in simulation flexibly. The simulated results find the optimal valve timing for different engine speeds. The optimal timing of intake valve closing depends on engine speed linearly, while the intake valve opening insignificantly influences engine performance. Additionally, this study also shows that cylinder deactivation modes can be successfully applied in improving engine efficiency at different engine loads. Different cylinder deactivation strategies have been applied for the full range of engine loads. It is concluded that the two-cylinder deactivation mode (50% CDA) considerably improves fuel consumption at low engine load. Meanwhile, one-cylinder deactivation (25% CDA) is an optimal fuel economy mode at medium engine load. With proper uses of VVT and CDA strategies, the efficiency of an SI engine can be increased more than 30% at low engine load and 11.7 % at medium engine load.     

DVVT对缸内直喷增压发动机性能影响的试验研究

通过对GDI增压发动机进行DVVT扫点试验,研究了DVVT对GDI增压发动机外特性性能、部分负荷燃油经济性和怠速稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:对于试验发动机的凸轮轴型线而言,排气VVT的开启对发动机性能起到负面影响;外特性方面,中等转速工况采用较大的气门重叠角可提高体积效率;高转速采用较小的气门重叠角可提高充量系数;怠速和部分负荷工况下,较小的气门重叠角对改善发动机稳定性有一定帮助。     

Electromagnetic valve train for gasoline engine exhaust system

Electromagnetic valve train (EMVT) in camless engine offers large potential for both part load fuel economy and high load engine torque. However, it is more difficult to be applied on exhaust system than intake system. Because the gas pressure brings high demands for driving force, especially at high engine speed and full load. Based on the working characters of actuator, a method by increasing the transient currents in windings during valve’s opening motion is suggested to overcome the gas pressure. But this will cause more energy losses and heat. In order to make the EMVT used on exhaust system better, quantitative analysis is carried out against the additional power consumption caused by gas pressure under different conditions. Furthermore, an approach is introduced to define the optimal exhaust valve opening motion at full load conditions. It aims at making a better compromise between the engine power output and exhaust valves’ power consumption, thus both the efficiency of EMVT and engine performance are enhanced.     

基于冷却液温度的内燃机能量流试验研究

内燃机能量流试验是评估不同控制策略下内燃机能耗和指明其改善方向的重要方法。通过试验对1台涡轮增压缸内直喷汽油机进行了基于冷却液温度的能量平衡分析,基于热力学定律,将能量平衡项分为有效功、冷却液损失、排气损失和通过辐射传热产生的未计入热损失。结果表明:小负荷时,随着冷却液温度的升高,燃油消耗率略有下降,NO_x排放量增加;全工况下,HC排放量随着冷却液温度的升高而减少,CO和CO_2排放量变化不大;有效功占比和排气损失占比随负荷的增大而增大,几乎不受冷却液温度的影响;冷却液损失占比随冷却液温度的升高而减小。     

Integration of a single cylinder engine model and a boost system model for efficient numerical mapping of engine performance and fuel consumption

A numerical engine mapping methodology is proposed for the engine performance and fuel consumption map generation. An integrated model is developed by coupling a single cylinder GT-Power® engine model with a MATLAB/ Simulink® based boost system model to simulate a turbocharged diesel engine over the entire engine operating speed and load ranges within reasonable computational constraints. A single cylinder engine model with the built-in multi-zone combustion modeling option in GT-Power® is configured as a predictive engine model. The cycle averaged simulation result from the engine model is used as the boundary conditions of the boost system including intake and exhaust manifolds and a turbocharger. The boost system model developed in MATLAB/Simulink® platform calculates the intake and exhaust conditions which are fed back to the engine model. The integrated system model predicts the performance and fuel consumption of a turbocharged diesel engine with better predictive capability than mean value engine models. Its computational time is fast enough to simulate the engine over the entire engine operation range compared to multi-cylinder engine models.     

车用重型柴油机二级增压系统模拟及试验研究

针对某车用重型柴油机进行了二级增压系统匹配研究,根据产品开发目标要求选择了高、低二级增压器。采用GT-Power软件建立了二级增压柴油机仿真模型,并对柴油机外特性稳态工况性能进行了模拟计算,分析了二级增压系统能量分配对柴油机性能的影响规律。建立了二级增压柴油机测试平台,并进行了外特性、万有特性及排放特性试验。模拟及试验结果表明,二级增压系统可以大幅提高柴油机低速扭矩,改善燃油经济性,拓宽柴油机燃油经济性运行区域,大幅降低柴油机PM排放。